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All Journal BERITA BIOLOGI Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Media Akuakultur
Wahyulia Cahyanti
Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar dan Penyuluhan Perikanan
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science

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PERKEMBANGAN EMBRIO DAN PERFORMA AWAL LARVA TIGA SPESIES IKAN TOR INDONESIA Wahyulia Cahyanti; Deni Radona; Anang Hari Kristanto
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 19, No 3A (2020)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v19i3A.3832

Abstract

Tor fish is a potential local fish. It has social, economic and religious value and contains albumin which is equivalent to snake head fish. As a local fish cultivation potential, an accurate description of the early development stages of this species, will have value for ichthyologists and can facilitate cultivation efforts to increase production. This study aims to understand the embryology of three tor fish species and to determine the condition of larval performance at the beginning of hatching. The division process begins when the cell nucleus is divided into 2 blastomers, then continues to reach 32 cells in the first 10 hours after fertilization. At 10–20 hours after fertilization the eggs enter the morula, blastula and gastrula phases. After 20 hours, the organogenesis stage occurs. Tor douronensis hatched the fastest, more than 100 hours after fertilization (0.70–0.80 cm length, 0.0073 g weight and 8.40±1.83% abnormality). Tor soro over 120 hours (length 0.80–0.90 cm, weight 0.0125 g and abnormality 2.47±0.12%) and Tor tambroides above 140 hours after fertilization (length 1,00–1,09 cm, weight 0,0146 g and abnormality 2.93±0.31%). It can be concluded that there is no difference in the process of embryogenesis of the three species until the gastrula stage. The difference arises in the organogenesis phase, where the Tor douronensis organ develops most rapidly, followed by Tor soro and Tor tambroides.  
STRESS RESPONSES OF THREE SPECIES OF CYPRINID: COMMON CARP (Cyprinus carpio), BONYLIP BARB (Osteochilus hasselty), AND TORSORO (Tor soro) SUBJECTED TO OXYGEN DEPLETION Wahyulia Cahyanti; Nunak Nafiqoh; Otong Zenal Arifin
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 16, No 1 (2021): (June, 2021)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.16.1.2021.43-50

Abstract

Fish in stressed conditions will show symptoms of a decreased physiological function. These symptoms include changes in the respiration system (gills, breathing frequency) and blood hemoglobin. Cyprinid fish are active fish that require high oxygen levels. In a minimum oxygen condition, cyprinid fish are easy to get stressed. Despite the extensive literature on cyprinid biology, comparison of declined physiological functions due to oxygen depletion in cyprinid are few and far between. The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological reactions and organ responses of three species of Cyprinidae, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), nilem carp (Osteochilus hasselti), and Torsoro carp (Tor soro) challenged to oxygen depletion. The study was conducted using 18 fishes for each species with an average body weight of 48.11 ± 4.24 g. Oxygen depletion challenge was done by placing the test fish in closed and non-aerated aquaria (40 cm x 20 cm x 20 cm). The dissolved oxygen level in each aquarium was measured every 30 minutes. Fish breathing frequency was calculated by the frequencies of mouth movement every 30 minutes. Histological examination of gills and blood was taken from healthy fish (at the beginning of treatment) and at LC50 (lethal concentration). The results showed that oxygen depletion reduced blood hemoglobin levels down to 5.1 ± 1.4 gram%, 3.3 ± 1.15 gram%, and 1.5 ± 0.71 gram% for goldfish, nilem, and torsoro, respectively. The respiratory rate varied from normal to depleted conditions. When depletion occurred, the respiratory rate increased and decreased again when the fish started to get weak. In normal conditions, the breathing frequency of goldfish was 60 beats/minute, nilem was 108 ± 20.8 beats/minute, and Tor soro was 144 ± 31.7 beats/minute. The highest respiration frequency occurred in tor soro fish in the 150th minute with a value of 216 ± 0.0 beats/minute. The fastest mortality at LC50% occurred in torsoro at 245.00 ± 17.32 minutes.
PERFORMA REPRODUKSI DAN LARVA IKAN GABUS (Channa striata Blkr) DENGAN BEBERAPA TEKNIK PEMIJAHAN Wahyulia Cahyanti; Adang Saputra; Anang Hari Kristanto
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 16, No 2 (2021): (Juni, 2021)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (97.38 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/jra.16.2.2021.99-106

Abstract

Sejumlah penelitian terhadap ikan gabus (Channa striata Blkr) telah dilakukan mulai dari pembenihan dan pembesaran, namun masih belum banyak informasi ilmiah terkait performa reproduksi dan larva yang dihasilkan baik dari pemijahan alami maupun pemijahan semi-alami (induksi hormonal). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan teknik pemijahan yang tepat untuk ikan gabus. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan induk jantan dan betina dengan tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG) yang seragam (yaitu pada TKG-IV). Penelitian memakai empat perlakuan stimulasi hormon, yaitu A (kontrol, tanpa stimulasi hormon), B (induk jantan dan betina distimulasi hormon), C (induk betina distimulasi hormon), D (induk jantan distimulasi hormon). Hormon yang digunakan untuk menginduksi induk betina dan jantan adalah LHRHa + anti dopamin. Masing-masing perlakuan menggunakan tiga pasang induk. Parameter performa reproduksi yang diamati meliputi fekunditas, diameter telur, lama waktu menetas, dan volume kuning telur. Untuk performa larva dilakukan pengamatan laju penyerapan kuning telur, pertumbuhan panjang dan bobot larva, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, dan sintasan. Dari penelitian diperoleh bahwa ikan perlakuan-A dan B mampu berovulasi hingga menetas, perlakuan-C berhasil ovulasi namun gagal menetas, sedangkan perlakuan-D tidak mampu ovulasi. Fekunditas dan derajat penetasan hasil pemijahan alami paling tinggi (1.832 ± 13 butir dan 97,20 ± 2,49%). Namun, waktu ovulasi dan waktu menetas pemijahan alami (159,50 ± 0,50 jam dan 3.210,00 ± 5,00 menit) lebih lama dibanding pemijahan buatan (26,00 ± 2,00 jam dan 2.370.00 ± 15,00 menit). Abnormalitas terjadi pada perlakuan-B (1,30 ± 0,42%), sedangkan larva hasil perlakuan-A tidak ada yang abnormal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini selain pemijahan alami, ikan gabus dapat dipijahkan secara buatan melalui stimulasi hormon pada induk jantan dan betina.Various studies on snakehead fish (Channa striata Blkr) have been carried out from breeding, nursery, to grow-out. Nevertheless, information regarding reproductive performance and produced larvae either from natural spawning or semi-natural (hormonal induction) spawning are still limited in the literature. This study aimed to determine the appropriate spawning technique for snakehead fish. In this study, the fish males and females were used with a uniform gonad maturity level. The study used four hormone stimulation treatments, namely: A (control, without hormone stimulation), B (male and female parents were hormone-stimulated), C (hormone-stimulated female parent), D (hormone-stimulated male parent). The hormone used to induce female and male broodstock was LHRHa + anti-dopamine. Each treatment used three pairs of parents. Parameters of reproductive performance observed included fecundity, egg diameter, hatching time, and egg yolk volume. For larval performance, observations were made of the rate of egg yolk absorption, growth in length and weight of larvae, specific growth rate, and survival. The research found that fish in treatment-A and B were able to ovulate, and the produced eggs could hatch. Fish in treatment-C managed to ovulate but failed to hatch, while treatment-D could not ovulate. The fecundity and hatching rates of the natural spawning were the highest (1,832 ± 13 grains and 97.20 ± 2.49%). However, the time of ovulation and hatching time for natural spawning (159.50 ± 0.50 hours and 3,210.00 ± 5.00 minutes) were longer than those of artificial spawners (26.00 ± 2.00 hours and 2,370.00 ± 15.00 minutes). Abnormalities occurred in treatment-B (1.30 ± 0.42%), while the larvae from treatment-A were normal. Based on the results of this study, in addition to natural spawning, snakehead fish can be spawned artificially through hormonal stimulation of male and female broodstock.
PERKEMBANGAN EMBRIO IKAN Torsoro (Tor soro) PADA SUHU INKUBASI BERBEDA Otong Zenal Arifin; Fia Sri Mumpuni; Agung Sofian; Wahyulia Cahyanti; O.D. Soebakti Hasan
Media Akuakultur Vol 15, No 2 (2020): (Desember, 2020)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (88.089 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/ma.15.2.2020.53-59

Abstract

Tor soro merupakan ikan air tawar asli Indonesia bernilai ekonomis tinggi yang belum banyak dibudidayakan secara intensif karena ketersediaan benih banyak mengandalkan hasil pemijahan di alam. Salah satu faktor keberhasilan dalam pembenihan adalah kondisi lingkungan terutama suhu. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menentukan suhu optimal bagi perkembangan embrio, lama waktu penetasan, dan daya tetas telur ikan Tor soro. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September 2015 di Instalasi Riset Plasma Nutfah Perikanan Air Tawar, Bogor. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan suhu (19°C-21°C, 22°C-24°C, 25°C-27°C, dan 28°C-30°C) dan tiga kali ulangan. Perbedaan suhu inkubasi pada penelitian ini mempengaruhi perkembangan embrio, lama waktu penetasan, dan persentase daya tetas pada telur ikan Tor soro. Suhu inkubasi yang tinggi (28°C-30°C) menyebabkan telur mati setelah delapan jam atau pada saat fase calon embrio. Suhu inkubasi 25°C-27°C menghasilkan waktu penetasan tercepat yaitu selama 77,33 ± 1,15 jam dengan daya tetas yang tinggi yaitu sebesar 84,44 ± 6,94%.Tor soro is a native freshwater fish to Indonesia. Despite its high value in local and national markets, the fish has not been widely and intensively cultured because its seed supply relies heavily on spawning in nature. One of the success factors of spawning a fish and rearing its seed in a hatchery is controlling environmental conditions, especially temperature. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal temperature for embryo development, hatching time, and hatchability of Tor soro eggs. The study was conducted in September 2015 at the Freshwater Fisheries Germplasm Research Installation, Bogor. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used in the experiment with four temperature treatments (19°C-21°C, 22°C-24°C, 25°C-27°C,and 28°C-30°C) and each treatment had three replications. Differences in incubation temperature in this study affect ed embryo development, hatching time, and the percentage of hatchability on Tor soro eggs. High incubation temperatures (28°C-30°C) had caused the eggs or embryo candidates to die off after eight hours. The incubation temperature of 25°C-27°C generated produces the fastest hatching time of 77.33 ± 1.15 hours with a high hatchability of 84.44 ± 6.94%.
KERAGAAN BIOREPRODUKSI TIGA GENERASI IKAN TAMBAKAN (Helostoma temminckii Cuvier, 1829) Wahyulia Cahyanti; Jojo Subagja; Kusdiarti Kusdiarti; Deni Irawan; Otong Zenal Arifin
Media Akuakultur Vol 16, No 1 (2021): (Juni, 2021)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (727.577 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/ma.16.1.2021.1-6

Abstract

Ikan tambakan merupakan ikan lokal yang potensial menjadi ikan budidaya. Salah satu proses penting dalam budidaya adalah aspek reproduksi. Penelitian untuk mengetahui karakteristik bioreproduksi tiga generasi ikan tambakan hasil kegiatan domes‘tikasi di Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar dan Penyuluhan Perikanan, Bogor. Pengujian dilakukan untuk mengetahui posisi gonad, fekunditas, derajat pembuahan, dan derajat penetasan ikan tambakan generasi yang berbeda. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan posisi gonad vertikal mengarah ke tulang belakang, di bagian ujung melengkung ke arah depan dan gonad berada di belakang urogenital. Fekunditas telur/gram bobot ikan yang dihasilkan tidak berbeda antar generasi dengan jumlah berkisar antara 76 ± 13 sampai 83 ± 14 butir. Persentase telur terbuahi dan telur menetas antar generasi juga tidak berbeda, masing-masing berkisar antara antara 70,6 ± 16,05 sampai 92,9 ± 10,88%; dan 51,3 ± 16,64 sampai 74,3 ± 10,32%. Jumlah larva yang dihasilkan juga tidak berbeda nyata antar generasi, berurutan dari yang kecil ke besar G-0 (38,7 ± 10,72 butir/g bobot ikan), G-1 (45,3 ± 5,20 butir/g bobot ikan), dan G-2 (55,7 ± 7,75 butir/g bobot ikan). Program domestikasi ikan tambakan tidak mempengaruhi karakter reproduksi ikan antar generasi. Keragaman karakter reproduksi antar generasi masih tinggi. Pembentukan generasi selanjutnya perlu dipertahankan, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai ikan budidaya baru.Kissing gourami is an Indonesian local fish species that has the potential to be developed as a farmed fish. However, the current domestication stage of the fish still requires further information regarding its bio reproduction. The research on determining the bioreproductive characteristics of three generations of kissing gourami has been carried out at the Research Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries Extensions, Bogor. This research aimed to determine the gonad position, gonad maturity index, and fecundity between the kissing gourami generations. The results showed that the gonads were positioned vertically towards the backbone, curved ends towards the front and located behind the urogenital. The fecundity of produced eggs/gram body weight of fish did not differ between generations and ranged between 76 ± 13–83 ± 14 eggs. The percentages of fertilized eggs and hatched eggs between generations did not differ and ranged between 70.6 ± 16.05–92.9 ± 10.88% and 51.3 ± 16.64–74.3 ± 10.32%, respectively. The number of produced larvae was also not significantly different between generations where G-0 has the lowest number (38.7 ± 10.72 eggs/g fish weight), followed by G-1 (45.3 ± 5.20 eggs/g fish weight) and G-2 has the highest number of produced larvae (55.7 ± 7.75 eggs/g fish weight). The aquaculture domestication program does not affect the reproductive character of fish between generations. The diversity of reproductive characters between generations is still high. The formation of the next generation needs to be maintained, so that it can be used as a new cultured fish.
Co-Authors Adang Saputra Agung Sofian Anang Hari Kristanto Deni Irawan Deni Radona Fia Sri Mumpuni Jojo Subagja Kusdiarti Kusdiarti Nunak Nafiqoh O.D. Soebakti Hasan Otong Zenal Arifin