Otong Zenal Arifin
Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar dan Penyuluhan Perikanan

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PENGARUH PERBEDAAN PADAT TEBAR LARVA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN SINTASAN PADA IKAN UCENG (Nemacheilus fasciatus) Jojo Subagja; Vitas Atmadi Prakoso; Otong Zenal Arifin; Anang Hari Kristanto
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 18, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v18i2.3561

Abstract

Proper stocking density on larval rearing of barred loach (Nemacheilus fasciatus Valenciennes, 1846) is very important in terms of obtaining the best growth and survival rate. This study was aimed to observe the growth and survival rate of barred loach subjected to different larval stocking density. Fish larvae were obtained by artificial spawning from in aquarium. Larvae were stocked on aquariums (50 × 40 × 30 cm) with three stocking density treatments (5, 10, and 15 individuals/L) and three replications. The experimental fish larvae were fed by Artemia and commercial feed (crude protein content: 30%) and feeding frequency twice per day (ad libitum). The length and weight were reassured every 10 days during 70 days of rearing period. Temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen were measured at each treatment. Data obtained from measurements were analysed to assess the length gain, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), biomass gain, and survival rate. The results showed length gain of 3.35 ± 0.01, 2.94 ± 0.10, and 2.82 ± 0.15 cm and weight gain of 0.573 ± 0.023, 0.436 ± 0.018, and 0.417 ± 0.043 g in larval stocking density of 5, 10 and 15 individuals/L, respectively. Specific growth rates and biomass growth were of 6.22 ± 0.41, 5.93 ± 0.21, and 5.68 ± 0.41 %/day and 94.04 ± 5.39, 146.80 ± 3.81, and 167.24 ± 17.48 g in larval stocking density of 5, 10 and 15 individuals/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the survival rates obtained in this study were 89.13 ± 7.25, 93.13 ± 5.13, and 76.50 ± 3.54 % in larval stocking density of 5, 10 and 15 individuals/L, respectively. Increased stocking density has a negative impact on the growth and survival rate of barred loach.
STRESS RESPONSES OF THREE SPECIES OF CYPRINID: COMMON CARP (Cyprinus carpio), BONYLIP BARB (Osteochilus hasselty), AND TORSORO (Tor soro) SUBJECTED TO OXYGEN DEPLETION Wahyulia Cahyanti; Nunak Nafiqoh; Otong Zenal Arifin
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 16, No 1 (2021): (June, 2021)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.16.1.2021.43-50

Abstract

Fish in stressed conditions will show symptoms of a decreased physiological function. These symptoms include changes in the respiration system (gills, breathing frequency) and blood hemoglobin. Cyprinid fish are active fish that require high oxygen levels. In a minimum oxygen condition, cyprinid fish are easy to get stressed. Despite the extensive literature on cyprinid biology, comparison of declined physiological functions due to oxygen depletion in cyprinid are few and far between. The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological reactions and organ responses of three species of Cyprinidae, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), nilem carp (Osteochilus hasselti), and Torsoro carp (Tor soro) challenged to oxygen depletion. The study was conducted using 18 fishes for each species with an average body weight of 48.11 ± 4.24 g. Oxygen depletion challenge was done by placing the test fish in closed and non-aerated aquaria (40 cm x 20 cm x 20 cm). The dissolved oxygen level in each aquarium was measured every 30 minutes. Fish breathing frequency was calculated by the frequencies of mouth movement every 30 minutes. Histological examination of gills and blood was taken from healthy fish (at the beginning of treatment) and at LC50 (lethal concentration). The results showed that oxygen depletion reduced blood hemoglobin levels down to 5.1 ± 1.4 gram%, 3.3 ± 1.15 gram%, and 1.5 ± 0.71 gram% for goldfish, nilem, and torsoro, respectively. The respiratory rate varied from normal to depleted conditions. When depletion occurred, the respiratory rate increased and decreased again when the fish started to get weak. In normal conditions, the breathing frequency of goldfish was 60 beats/minute, nilem was 108 ± 20.8 beats/minute, and Tor soro was 144 ± 31.7 beats/minute. The highest respiration frequency occurred in tor soro fish in the 150th minute with a value of 216 ± 0.0 beats/minute. The fastest mortality at LC50% occurred in torsoro at 245.00 ± 17.32 minutes.
PERTUMBUHAN BENIH IKAN BAUNG (Hemibagrus nemurus) HASIL DOMESTIKASI PADA LOKASI DENGAN KETINGGIAN BERBEDA Jojo Subagja; Vitas Atmadi Prakoso; Otong Zenal Arifin; Yanto Suparyanto; Endang Haris Suhud
Media Akuakultur Vol 13, No 2 (2018): (December, 2018)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (444.74 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/ma.13.2.2018.59-65

Abstract

Ikan baung (Hemibagrus nemurus) merupakan salah satu ikan asli yang terdapat di Indonesia. Ikan ini memiliki harga lebih tinggi dibandingkan beberapa jenis ikan lainnya yang telah populer di kalangan konsumen. Saat ini, ikan ini sedang pada program domestikasi dimana informasi mengenai lokasi yang sesuai untuk pemeliharaan ikan baung belum banyak dipelajari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pertumbuhan benih ikan baung pada dua lokasi pemeliharaan dengan ketinggian yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan pada lokasi dengan ketinggian rendah (< 200 m dpl) di daerah Cijengkol dan lokasi dengan ketinggian sedang (200-400 m dpl) di daerah Maleber, Jawa Barat. Benih ikan baung hasil domestikasi (bobot: 21,62 ± 0,57 g) ditebar pada tiga buah jaring masing-masing berukuran 2 m x 2 m x 1 m dengan padat tebar 15 ekor/m3 di kolam berukuran 40 m x 20 m yang terletak pada masing-masing lokasi pengujian. Ikan diberi makan dengan pakan komersial (30% protein) sebanyak 5% biomassa per hari dengan frekuensi pemberian pakan dua kali sehari selama 180 hari masa pemeliharaan. Kualitas air yang diamati meliputi suhu, oksigen terlarut, dan pH. Parameter yang diukur yaitu pertambahan panjang, pertambahan bobot, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, rata-rata pertumbuhan harian, pertambahan biomassa, rasio konversi pakan, dan sintasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa benih ikan baung yang dipelihara pada ketinggian < 200 m dpl menunjukkan pertambahan bobot dan biomassa yang lebih baik (30,93 ± 2,29 g dan 7,44 ± 0,79 kg) dibandingkan jika dipelihara pada ketinggian 200-400 m dpl (22,32 ± 1,26 g dan 5,97 ± 0,65 kg) (P<0,05). Rasio konversi pakan pada ikan baung yang dipelihara pada dataran rendah lebih rendah (2,37) dibandingkan jika dipelihara pada dataran sedang (2,68). Suhu air pada ketinggian < 200 m dpl lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada ketinggian 200-400 m dpl (P<0,05). Benih ikan baung tumbuh lebih optimal jika dipelihara di daerah dataran rendah, karena pada daerah tersebut memiliki suhu lebih tinggi yang dapat memengaruhi laju pertumbuhan.Asian redtail catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) is one of Indonesia’s native fish species. This species has a higher commercial value compared to some other fish species already popular among consumers. The fish is currently under a domestication program which information regarding the suitable rearing location has yet to be established. This research was aimed to study the growth of Asian redtail catfish fingerlings reared in two different-altitude locations. The evaluate was conducted at low-altitude location (< 200 m above sea level) in Cijengkol area and mid-altitude location (200-400 m above sea level) in Maleber area, West Java. In each location, the fingerlings of domesticated Asian redtail catfish (weight: 21.62 ± 0.57 g) were stocked in three net cages sized 2 m x 2 m x 1 m in a pond (40 m x 20 m) with a stocking density of 15 fish/m3 per net cage. The fingerlings were fed with commercial feed (30% protein) of 5% fish biomass per day with feeding frequency twice a day for the period of 180 days. The water quality parameters observed were temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH. The measured experimental parameters were length gain, weight gain, specific growth rate, average daily growth, biomass gain, feed conversion ratio, and survival rate. The results showed that the fish reared at <200 m above sea level had better weight and biomass gains (30.93 ± 2.29 g and 7.44 ± 0.79 kg) than that of the fish reared at 200-400 m above sea level (22.32 ± 1.26 g and 5.97 ± 0.65 kg) (P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio of fingerlings reared at the low-altitude location was lower (2.37) than those of the mid-altitude location (2.68).The water temperature at < 200 m above sea level was significantly higher than that of 200-400 m above sea level (P<0.05). The growth of Asian redtail catfish fingerlings is more optimal in lowland areas due to higher water temperature accelerating the fish growth rate.
PERKEMBANGAN EMBRIO IKAN Torsoro (Tor soro) PADA SUHU INKUBASI BERBEDA Otong Zenal Arifin; Fia Sri Mumpuni; Agung Sofian; Wahyulia Cahyanti; O.D. Soebakti Hasan
Media Akuakultur Vol 15, No 2 (2020): (Desember, 2020)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (88.089 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/ma.15.2.2020.53-59

Abstract

Tor soro merupakan ikan air tawar asli Indonesia bernilai ekonomis tinggi yang belum banyak dibudidayakan secara intensif karena ketersediaan benih banyak mengandalkan hasil pemijahan di alam. Salah satu faktor keberhasilan dalam pembenihan adalah kondisi lingkungan terutama suhu. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menentukan suhu optimal bagi perkembangan embrio, lama waktu penetasan, dan daya tetas telur ikan Tor soro. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September 2015 di Instalasi Riset Plasma Nutfah Perikanan Air Tawar, Bogor. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan suhu (19°C-21°C, 22°C-24°C, 25°C-27°C, dan 28°C-30°C) dan tiga kali ulangan. Perbedaan suhu inkubasi pada penelitian ini mempengaruhi perkembangan embrio, lama waktu penetasan, dan persentase daya tetas pada telur ikan Tor soro. Suhu inkubasi yang tinggi (28°C-30°C) menyebabkan telur mati setelah delapan jam atau pada saat fase calon embrio. Suhu inkubasi 25°C-27°C menghasilkan waktu penetasan tercepat yaitu selama 77,33 ± 1,15 jam dengan daya tetas yang tinggi yaitu sebesar 84,44 ± 6,94%.Tor soro is a native freshwater fish to Indonesia. Despite its high value in local and national markets, the fish has not been widely and intensively cultured because its seed supply relies heavily on spawning in nature. One of the success factors of spawning a fish and rearing its seed in a hatchery is controlling environmental conditions, especially temperature. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal temperature for embryo development, hatching time, and hatchability of Tor soro eggs. The study was conducted in September 2015 at the Freshwater Fisheries Germplasm Research Installation, Bogor. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used in the experiment with four temperature treatments (19°C-21°C, 22°C-24°C, 25°C-27°C,and 28°C-30°C) and each treatment had three replications. Differences in incubation temperature in this study affect ed embryo development, hatching time, and the percentage of hatchability on Tor soro eggs. High incubation temperatures (28°C-30°C) had caused the eggs or embryo candidates to die off after eight hours. The incubation temperature of 25°C-27°C generated produces the fastest hatching time of 77.33 ± 1.15 hours with a high hatchability of 84.44 ± 6.94%.
KERAGAAN BIOREPRODUKSI TIGA GENERASI IKAN TAMBAKAN (Helostoma temminckii Cuvier, 1829) Wahyulia Cahyanti; Jojo Subagja; Kusdiarti Kusdiarti; Deni Irawan; Otong Zenal Arifin
Media Akuakultur Vol 16, No 1 (2021): (Juni, 2021)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (727.577 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/ma.16.1.2021.1-6

Abstract

Ikan tambakan merupakan ikan lokal yang potensial menjadi ikan budidaya. Salah satu proses penting dalam budidaya adalah aspek reproduksi. Penelitian untuk mengetahui karakteristik bioreproduksi tiga generasi ikan tambakan hasil kegiatan domes‘tikasi di Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar dan Penyuluhan Perikanan, Bogor. Pengujian dilakukan untuk mengetahui posisi gonad, fekunditas, derajat pembuahan, dan derajat penetasan ikan tambakan generasi yang berbeda. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan posisi gonad vertikal mengarah ke tulang belakang, di bagian ujung melengkung ke arah depan dan gonad berada di belakang urogenital. Fekunditas telur/gram bobot ikan yang dihasilkan tidak berbeda antar generasi dengan jumlah berkisar antara 76 ± 13 sampai 83 ± 14 butir. Persentase telur terbuahi dan telur menetas antar generasi juga tidak berbeda, masing-masing berkisar antara antara 70,6 ± 16,05 sampai 92,9 ± 10,88%; dan 51,3 ± 16,64 sampai 74,3 ± 10,32%. Jumlah larva yang dihasilkan juga tidak berbeda nyata antar generasi, berurutan dari yang kecil ke besar G-0 (38,7 ± 10,72 butir/g bobot ikan), G-1 (45,3 ± 5,20 butir/g bobot ikan), dan G-2 (55,7 ± 7,75 butir/g bobot ikan). Program domestikasi ikan tambakan tidak mempengaruhi karakter reproduksi ikan antar generasi. Keragaman karakter reproduksi antar generasi masih tinggi. Pembentukan generasi selanjutnya perlu dipertahankan, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai ikan budidaya baru.Kissing gourami is an Indonesian local fish species that has the potential to be developed as a farmed fish. However, the current domestication stage of the fish still requires further information regarding its bio reproduction. The research on determining the bioreproductive characteristics of three generations of kissing gourami has been carried out at the Research Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries Extensions, Bogor. This research aimed to determine the gonad position, gonad maturity index, and fecundity between the kissing gourami generations. The results showed that the gonads were positioned vertically towards the backbone, curved ends towards the front and located behind the urogenital. The fecundity of produced eggs/gram body weight of fish did not differ between generations and ranged between 76 ± 13–83 ± 14 eggs. The percentages of fertilized eggs and hatched eggs between generations did not differ and ranged between 70.6 ± 16.05–92.9 ± 10.88% and 51.3 ± 16.64–74.3 ± 10.32%, respectively. The number of produced larvae was also not significantly different between generations where G-0 has the lowest number (38.7 ± 10.72 eggs/g fish weight), followed by G-1 (45.3 ± 5.20 eggs/g fish weight) and G-2 has the highest number of produced larvae (55.7 ± 7.75 eggs/g fish weight). The aquaculture domestication program does not affect the reproductive character of fish between generations. The diversity of reproductive characters between generations is still high. The formation of the next generation needs to be maintained, so that it can be used as a new cultured fish.