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All Journal Journal Of Vocational Health Studies JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH
Natasha Hana Savitri
Universitas Airlangga
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF ALLIUM SATIVUM L. EXTRACT AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES AND PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA Natasha Hana Savitri; Danti Nur Indiastuti; Manik Retno Wahyunitasari
Journal of Vocational Health Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2019): November 2019 | JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL HEALTH STUDIES
Publisher : Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (516.829 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/jvhs.V3.I2.2019.72-77

Abstract

Background: One of the most common health problems is infectious diseases. Infectious disease can be caused by bacteria. There were two groups of bacteria based on the staining, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Purpose: Antibiotics are the main therapy used in the incidence of bacterial infections. But over time, some antibiotics became resistance. Several studies have shown that garlic has an antibacterial effect. The content of allicin, ajoene, saponins, and flavonoids is found in garlic which has antibacterial properties. The antibiotic activity test of garlic was carried out on the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The goal of this study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of Allium sativum L. extract against Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: Garlic extract was made using the maceration method using 96% alcohol as the solvent. Tube dilution method elected to observe garlic antibiotic activity. This test aims to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). There were eight different concentration used, i.e. 2 grams/ml, 1 gram/ml, 0.5 gram/ml, 0.25 gram/ml, 0.125 gram/ml, 0.0625 gram/ml, 0.03125 gram/ml, and 0.015625 gram/ml. Replication is done three times. Results: In this experiment, the extract produced was turbid that MIC could not be determined and there was no momentous differentiation between before and after treatment. There was no growth of Streptococcus pyogenes in 1 gram/ml and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 0.5 gram/ml. This number indicates the MBC for each bacteria. Conclusion: Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has an effect of bactericidal activity, it can perform as an antibacterial for Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Garlic extract was more effective for Pseudomonas aeruginosa than Streptococcus pyogenes.
MYOPIA PREVALENCE AMONG STUDENTS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS Natasha Hana Savitri; Adinda Sandya Poernomo; Muhammad Bagus Fidiandra1; Eka Candra Setyawan1; Arinda Putri Auna Vanadia1; Bulqis Inas Sakinah1; Lilik Djuari
Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Research Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Research
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (202.78 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/jcmphr.v3i2.30475

Abstract

The lockdown policy was implemented during the Covid-19 pandemic to stop its spread. Indonesia modified the lockdown into PSBB (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar). During PSBB school activities were replaced with online learning methods. This increased screen time and near-sighted activities and reduced time outdoors, were the risk factors for myopia. The objective of this study was to determine the myopia prevalence among students during the pandemic. This study used a systematic review method with meta-analysis. Data collection was taken from PubMed, Mendeley, and Google Scholar databases published in 2020-2021. The inclusion criterion was research on myopia prevalence among students during the pandemic of Covid-19. Data retrieval used the PICO method and journal adjustments were selected using the PRISMA algorithm. Data analysis was performed using a random-effects model. Out of 971 studies found, only six studies met the criterion. The results of the study based on the forest plot showed high heterogeneity and significant differences in the results. This was probably due to the inclusion criterion being too broad. In the funnel plot, there was a possible publication bias because the data obtained was only available and accessible. Overall, the journals studied stated that increased screen time and lack of outdoor activity increased myopia prevalence. Other risk factors that consistently cause an increase in myopia prevalence are education level, paternal and maternal myopia, and too-close reading distance. Otherwise, age, gender, BMI, eye exercise, eating habits, posture, and lighting while reading showed so many differences in the results that conclusions cannot be made.
Co-Authors Adinda Sandya Poernomo Arinda Putri Auna Vanadia1 Bulqis Inas Sakinah1 Danti Nur Indiastuti Eka Candra Setyawan1 Lilik Djuari Manik Retno Wahyunitasari Muhammad Bagus Fidiandra1