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Pengaruh Asupan Makanan terhadap Kejadian Malnutrisi di Rumah Sakit Defriani Dwiyanti; Hamam Hadi; Susetyowati Susetyowati
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 1, No 1 (2004): Juli
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Background: Sufficient food and other nutrient intake are necessary for recovery of hospitalized patients. Insufficient food intake may decrease nutrient metabolism, which in turn may cause malnutrition. Malnutrition in all hospital is categorized as high (about 40-45%). However, the influence of food intake on hospital malnutrition in Indonesia is still unknown.Objective: To assess the influence of nutrient intake on the occurence of hospital malnutrition.Method: This was an observational with prospective cohort study. This study as conducted in Dr. M. Jamil Padang Hospital, Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta Hospital, and Sanglah Denpasar Hospital. Subjects were 228 adult patients from internal and neurology units in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd class who were hospitalized for six days or more, receiving oral diet, compos mentis, cooperative, non edema, and non ascites. Data of body weight and body height were measured at admission and discharge. Food intake data collected in this study included hospital and non-hospital food. Data analyzed by FP2 programme and STATA software.Results: Among 228 subjects of study, 51,8% had insufficient intake in the first three days of hospitalization. On average, their protein and energy intakes were lower than subjects with sufficient intake. There was a significant correlation between the first three days intake and intake during hospitalization (p<0,05). Subjects with insufficient energy intake were 2,1 times more likely to be malnourished in hospital than subjects with sufficient energy intake. Meanwhile, subjects with insufficient protein intake were 1,56 times more likely to be malnourished than subjects with sufficient protein intake. There was a significant association between energy intake and hospital malnutrition (p<0,05).Conclusions: Patients with insufficient nutrient intakes are more likely to be malnourished than those with sufficient nutrient intakes.

Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Malnutrisi Pasien Dewasa di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit I Gede Agung Kusumayanti; Hamam Hadi; Susetyowati Susetyowati
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 1, No 1 (2004): Juli
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijcn.15355

Background : Nutrient intakes may influence nutritional status of patients during health care. It was reported that nutritional status of 75% of hospitalized patients declined during hospitalization.Objective: The objectives of this study was to assess factors that may influence malnutrition among adult patients in hospital.Methods: This study was done using a nested case control study design. Subjects were inpatients of internal and neurology departments of Sanglah, Sardjito and M. Jamil hospitals. They were all given oral feeding, inconsciousness condition, cooperative, and non-ascites. Data on food consumption were obtained using comstock methods, while nutritional status were measured using Subjective Global Assessment.Results: Low energy intake, length of stay, infection, and special diet were all associated with a higher risk of hospital malnutrition. Patients with low energy intakes were 2.4 (OR=2.4, 95%CI= 1.17-4.92) times more likely to be malnourished than those with sufficient energy intakes. Patients with length of stay >= 7 days were 8 (OR=8.15, 95% CI =1.87-35.51) times more likely to be malnourished than those with length of stay < 7 days. Patients with infectious diseases were 3 (OR= 0.33, 95% CI= 0.17-0.64) times less likely to be malnourished than those with non infectious diseases. Lastly, patients with special diet were 2 (OR=1.96, 95% CI= 1.05-3.68) times more likely to be malnourished than those without special diet.Conclusions: Low energy intake, length of stay, non infectious diseases, and special diet are risk factors of malnutrition in adult hospitalized patients.

Hubungan antara Kadar Serum Albumin Awal dengan Lama Rawat Inap dan Status Pulang Pasien Dewasa di Rumah Sakit Weni Kurdanti; Hamam Hadi; Susetyowati Susetyowati
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 1, No 1 (2004): Juli
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijcn.15356

Background: Several community studies have reported a relationship between a low serum albumin level and increased risk of hospital death, nosocomial infection, and length of stay. But this kind of study is still lacking in Indonesia.Objective: To assess the relationship between admission serum albumin levels with length of stay and recovery rate among adult hospitalized patients.Methods: This cohort study was done in 2002. Subjects of this study were adults, inpatient of internal and neurological departments of Dr.Sardjito, Dr. M. Jamil and Sanglah hospitals. Serum albumin level, total lymphocyte count (TLC), and hemoglobin from each subject were collected at the admission. Energy intake of each subject was obtained using visual Comstock method. Information of length of stay and recovery status at discharge was obtained from medical records.Results: On average the length of stay (LOS) in patients with normal serum albumin was 9.8 days. In patients with low serum albumin the LOS was 2 days longer (p<0.05) than that in patient with normal serum albumin. LOS was not significantly different by serum albuminlevels among neurological and cancer patients. Neurological patients with low serum albumin had 10 times greater risk for not recover on discharge than non neurological patients with normal serum albumin.Conclusion: Serum albumin level at admission was associated with LOS and recovery status on discharge.

Hubungan antara Status Gizi Awal dengan Status Pulang dan Lama Rawat Inap Pasien Dewasa di Rumah Sakit Nurul Huda Syamsiatun; Hamam Hadi; Muhammad Juffrie
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 1, No 1 (2004): Juli
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijcn.15358

Background: Hospital malnutrition is reported to be prevalent in Indonesia. Wether nutritional status at admission is associated with nutritional status at discharge and length of stay remains unclear.Objective: To assess the association between nutritional status at the admission and nutritional status at discharge and length of stay in adult hospitalized patients.Methods: A total subjects of 293 adult patients who were admitted to internal and neurology departments of Dr. Sardjito, Dr.M.Jamil, and Sanglah hospitals were included in this study. Nutritional status of each patient was assessed using Body Mass Index (BMI) measured at admission and on discharge. Information on length of stay and hospital charge was collected based on medical records.Results: Low energy intake was associated with worse outcome (OR 1,2 95%CI 1,74-11,94). Non infection diseases were also found to be associated with worse outcome (OR 6,91 95%CI 4,03-11,85) and length of stay (OR 1,83 95%CI 1,10-3,05). Prehospitalized and class of hospitalized were associated with length of stay (OR 2,34 95%CI 1,36-8,57).Conclusion: Low nutritional status on admission and low energy intake were associated with higher risk of worse outcome (OR 2,34 95%CI 1,05-5,24) and (OR 3,41 95%CI 1,36-8,57).

Gizi lebih sebagai tantangan baru dan implikasinya terhadap kebijakan pembangunan kesehatan nasional Hamam Hadi
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 1, No 2 (2004): November
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijcn.17394

Sebagai negara yang sedang berkembang dan sedang membangun, bangsa Indonesia masih memiliki beberapa ketertinggalan dan kekurangan jika dibandingkan negara lain yang sudah lebih maju. Di bidang kesehatan, bangsa Indonesia masih harus berjuang memerangi berbagai macam penyakit infeksi dan kurang gizi yang saling berinteraksi satu sama lain menjadikan tingkat kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia tidak kunjung meningkat secara signifikan. Ironisnya, di beberapa daerah lain atau pada sekelompok masyarakat Indonesia yang lain terutama di kota-kota besar, masalah kesehatan masyarakat utama justru dipicu dengan adanya kelebihan gizi; meledaknya kejadian obesitas di beberapa daerah di Indonesia akan mendatangkan masalah baru yang mempunyai konsekuensi- konsekuensi serius bagi pembangunan bangsa Indonesia khususnya di bidang kesehatan. Pendek kata, masih tingginya prevalensi kurang gizi di beberapa daerah dan meningkatnya prevalensi obesitas yang dramatis di beberapa daerah yang lain akan menambah beban yang lebih kompleks dan harus dibayar mahal oleh bangsa Indonesia dalam upaya pembangunan bidang kesehatan, sumber daya manusia dan ekonomi.

Aktivitas fisik pada remaja SLTP Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Bantul serta hubungannya dengan kejadian obesitas Emy Huriyati; Hamam Hadi; Madarina Julia
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 1, No 2 (2004): November
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijcn.17395

Background: The prevalence of obesity is markedly increasing, both in developed and developing countries. Whether physical activity contributes to the obesity in Indonesian adolescents is still unknown.Objective: To assess whether physical activity is associated with obesity in junior high school adolescents in Yogyakarta. Methods: A case control study was conducted in Yogyakarta Province in 2003. Subjects were 140 obese and 140 non- obese junior high school adolescents in Yogyakarta and Bantul, randomly chosen from an obesity survey performed previously. Pattern and duration of activity were assessed using IPAQ modified questionnaire. The activities were than sorted into light (sedentary), moderate and vigorous activities.Results: There was significant difference in the distribution sedentary activity between adolescents of Yogyakarta and Bantul (p<0.0001). The mean duration of sedentary activity in Yogyakarta was 12.4 hours/day while in Bantul was 11.0 hours/day. Obese adolescents spent longer time in sedentary activity than non-obese adolescents (p=0.002). The odds of being obese in adolescent whose sedentary activity was longer than 13 hours/day were almost doubled.Conclusions: Urban adolescents spent more time for sedentary activities than rural adolescents, so were obese adolescents. The association of sedentary activities to obesity is independent from other factors such as calorie intake and parental obesity status.

Asupan gizi sebagai faktor risiko penyakit infark miokard akut di Rumah Sakit Sanglah Denpasar PP Sri Sugiani; Hamam Hadi; I Dewa Putu Pramantara
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 1, No 2 (2004): November
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijcn.17396

Background: Coronary heart disease especially acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the main causes of death even in the developing countries. Coronary heart disease has been reported to be associated with high intakes of some nutrients.Objective: The study conducted to understand the role of nutrient intake as risk factors of AMI in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar.Methods: A case control study was conducted in district of Denpasar in 2003. Cases were people who had AMI and hospitalized in Sanglah Hospital. Each case had two controls one of which was hospitalized patient with no AMI and the second was taken from the case-neighboring household. Controls were sex-and-age matched with cases. Data on nutrient intakes of cases and controls were collected using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Data of lipids profile were collected by a chemical analyst. Data on nutrient intakes were analyzed using food processor II (FP II). Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine whether nutrient intakes were risk factors of AMIResults: this study showed that people who had energy intake from fat more than 30% of the total energy were 12 times (OR=12, 95 % CI: 2,71 – 53) more likely to have AMI than those with energy intake < 30%. People with high sodium intake were 9 times (OR=9, 95% CI= 1.8-43.4) more likely to have AMI than those with low sodium intake. People with LDL/HDL ratio more than 3 were 7 times (OR=7, 95% CI= 1.4 – 3.7) more likely to have AMI than those with LDL/HDL ratio less than 3.Conclusion: High fat and sodium intakes and high LDL/ HDL ratio appeared to be risk factors of AMI.

Prevalensi obesitas dan hubungan konsumsi fast food dengan kejadian obesitas pada remaja SLTP kota dan desa di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Mahdiah Mahdiah; Hamam Hadi; Susetyowati Susetyowati
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 1, No 2 (2004): November
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Background: The improvement in socioeconomic status has led to sedentary life style and more fast food consumption. Whether fast food consumption contributes to obesity in Indonesian adolescents remains unclear.Objective: The study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of obesity and to assess the association between fast food consumption and obesity in junior high school students.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2003 to estimate the prevalence of obesity in adolescent students of Yogyakarta Special Province. Subjects of this survey were junior high school students from urban (n= 4747) and rural areas (n=4602) were included in this survey. To further analyze the association between food consumption and obesity, a sample of 140 obese (of 460 obese students) and 140 non obese students (of 8889 non obese students) was randomly selected. Data on fast food consumption were collected using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) method from the selected obese and non-obese sample.Results: The prevalence of obesity among adolescent students was 7.9% in urban and 2% in rural areas. There was a significant difference in variety, quantity, and frequency of fast food consumption per month and hereby energy intake from fast food between obese and non-obese adolescent students (p<0.05).Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity in urban area was much higher than that in rural area. Obese students consumed fast food more frequently and more variably than non-obese students.

Hubungan citra tubuh dengan status obesitas, aktivitas fisik dan asupan energi remaja SLTP di Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Bantul Noviani Tarigan; Hamam Hadi; Madarina Julia
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 1, No 3 (2005): Maret
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijcn.17428

Background: The prevalence of obesity in adolescence, both in industrial and in developing countries, is increasing. This might be due to the fact that globalization has affected the lifestyle and the eating pattern of the adolescents. Apart from related to higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, obesity in adolescents might be also related to dissatisfaction of body image.Objective: To asses the association between obesity and body image, and between body image and energy intake and physical activities of junior high school adolescents in the District of Yogyakarta and Bantul.Method: This is a cross-sectional study. Subjects were 96 pairs of 12-15 years old obese and non-obese adolescents, identified in the obesity screening programs in junior high schools in Yogyakarta and Bantul. Subjects were asked to complete 34 questions on body shape image. Energy intake and physical activity data were obtained by food- and physical-activity-frequency questionnaires.Results: Obese adolescents had higher odds to be dissatisfied to their body images compared to their non-obese peers, i.e. Mantel-Haenszel Odds Ratio (95% CI) of 14.6(6.2-34.4). Obese female adolescents had higher odds to be dissatisfied than their male counterparts, OR (95% CI) of 19.5(2.4-15.9) in female and OR (95%CI) of 13.4(5.3 – 33.8) in male adolescents. There were no significant associations between dissatisfaction status with energy intake and time spent on light physical activities. Dissatisfied adolescents tended to spend less time on hard physical activities compared to their satisfied peers.Conclusion: Obese adolescents were more likely to be dissatisfied with their body images compared to their non-obese peers, but the dissatisfaction did not lead to less energy intake and more time spent on harder physical activities.

Hubungan antara asupan energi, asupan lemak, dan obesitas pada remaja siswa-siswi SLTP di Kota Yogyakarta dan di Kabupaten Bantul Ana Medawati; Hamam Hadi; I Dewa Putu Pramantara
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 1, No 3 (2005): Maret
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijcn.17467

Background: The prevalence of obesity in young children and adolescents has been increasing very dramatically during the last two decades, especially in big cities. High intake of energy and fat may have contributed to obesity.Objective: To examine the relationship between energy intake, fat intake and obesity among adolescents.Method: A Case Control Study was conducted in 2003. Subjects were Junior High School students, age 10–15 years, living in the city of Jogjakarta and Bantul Regency were included in the study. Data on nutrition intake were collected by using Food Frequency Questionnaires from 140 obese and 140 non obese junior high school students.Results: On average, the energy intake among cases and controls from the city of Jogjakarta were 2818,32 ± 618,05 kcal/day and 2210,42 ± 329,81 kcal/day respectively. Whereas total average of energy intake among cases and controls from Bantul were 2416,99 ± 673,52 kcal/day and 1778,09 ± 312,03 kcal/day respectively. Obesity was significantly associated (p < 0.05) with total energy and fat intakes in both city Jogjakarta and Bantul.Conclusion: Obesity was associated with total energy and fat intakes in Junior High School Students.

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