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PERBANDINGAN BUSANA TOKOH SRI KRESNA PADA RELIEF KRESNAYANA CANDI WISNU PRAMBANAN DAN CANDI INDUK PANATARAN Waridah Muthi’ah; Agus Sachari; Kahfiati Kahdar
Makna: Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa, dan Budaya Vol 5 No 1 (2014): MAKNA : Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa dan Budaya
Publisher : Fakultas Komunikasi, Sastra, dan Bahasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33558/makna.v5i1.873

Abstract

Kresna, hero and deity of Mahabharata legend, played major role as one example of morality and wisdom in Javanese traditional art and literature. Related with his status and identity as avatar of Vishnu, his traditional portrayal in India based on canon such as Manasara and Silpasastra. In Classical Java, he has been portrayed in Kresnayana reliefs on Vishnu Temple, Prambanan Complex and Main Temple, Panataran Complex. In those reliefs, his images were not strictly followed the canon, especially in costumes. Kresna’s appearance on Prambanan Temple showed different details in costumes, headgear, and accessories in comparison with Panataran Temple. Reliefs in Prambanan looked more similar with Krishna’s images influenced by 7th and 8th century Pallava art, in both carving style and costumes wore by the character, while reliefs in Panataran showed some indigenous characteristics. This research focused to compare Kresna’s portrayal diachronically in those temple, by using descriptive, comparative, and historical methods. It concluded that transformation of Kresna’s image went parallel with transmigration of power center to East Java, which followed by the development of macrocosmos-microcosmos parallels, as indicated by the depiction of king as deity and the culmination of Vishnu’s worships. The variations of Kresna’s image not only brought diversity based on local influence, but also engendered new system, which later developed into the basis of traditional Javanese art and king’s apparels
VARIASI PERHIASAN KEPALA ARCA PARWATI KOLEKSI MUSEUM NASIONAL DI INDONESIA Waridah Muthi’ah; Agus Sachari; Pindi Setiawan
Naditira Widya Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Naditira Widya Volume 15 Nomor 2 Oktober Tahun 2021
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

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Abstract

Pemujaan terhadap Parwati mendapatkan tempat yang penting pada era Hindu-Buddha di nusantara, sehubungan dengan kedudukan Parwati sebagai śakti dari dewa tertinggi dalam Śiwaisme, Dewa Śiwa. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh keberadaan arca-arca dewi dan arca perwujudan ratu, yang beberapa di antaranya menjadi koleksi Museum Nasional di Indonesia. Akan tetapi, asal waktu dan identitas tokoh pada kebanyakan arca ini belum dapat diidentifikasi. Mahkota atau hiasan kepala sebagai bagian dari atribut (lakṣana) arca dapat digunakan sebagai sumber informasi melalui kajian terhadap gaya atau langgam estetika. Penelitian ini merupakan upaya untuk memahami variasi mahkota arca Parwati yang berasal dari era Majapahit, khususnya abad ke-14 M dan 15 M, berdasarkan identifikasi gaya seni dan kecenderungan penggambaran pada masa tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode deskriptif-komparatif dengan pendekatan ikonografi dan morfologi estetis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada dua kecenderungan penggambaran mahkota Parwati. Patung dari Kediri dan Blitar cenderung menggambarkan mahkota Parwati dengan bentuk yang mendekati langgam Klasik Awal (Jawa Tengah), dengan menampilkan mahkota semata-mata sesuai kanon Manasara, seperti jatāmakuta, kesabandha, dan kuntala. Kecenderungan kedua menampilkan Parwati mengenakan kirīṭamakuta, yang merupakan atribut Wisnu, dan penyejajaran sifat dan kedudukannya sebagai sosok pemelihara. The worship of Parvati has an important place in the Hindu-Buddhist era in the Indonesian archipelago, with regard to Parvati's position as the spouse of the supreme god in Shivaism, Shiva. This is indicated by the presence of goddess statues and statues of the embodiment of a queen, which some are in the collections of the National Museum in Indonesia. However, the chronology and identity of the National Museum statues collection have not been distinguished. Information on both aspects of a statue can be achieved by means of the study of style or aesthetic of a crown or headdress as a feature of lakṣana (statue attribute). This research is an attempt to understand the varieties of the crowns of the Parwati statue from the Majapahit era, especially the 14th and 15th centuries, based on the identification of the art style and depiction tendencies during this period. This research was conducted using a descriptive-comparative method with approaches of iconography and aesthetic morphology. The results indicate that there are two trends in depicting Parwati’s crown. The statues from Kediri and Blitar tend to depict Parvati's crown in a form similar to those of the Early Classical (Central Javanese) style, by displaying the crown solely according to the scripture of Manasara, such as jatāmakuta, kesabandha, and kuntala. The second trend presents Parvati wearing the kirīṭamakuta, which is an attribute of Vishnu, which correlates to her nature and position as a guardian.