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All Journal Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni
Hartinah Dinata
Universitas Tarumanagara
Arts Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI EFEKTIVITAS PENGAJARAN MEMBANGUN MODEL MENTAL BACAAN BAGI GURU SEKOLAH DASAR Sri Tiatri; Jap Tji Beng; Claudia Fiscarina; Hartinah Dinata
Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni Vol 5, No 1 (2021): Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Tarumanagara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24912/jmishumsen.v5i1.11348.2021

Abstract

Building Mental Models Teaching during reading is beneficial to improve students' reading and thinking skills. However, this teaching was not popular because the implementation was complicated. Efforts to develop learning models to build mental models for teachers are continuously being pursued. This study examines the factors that can affect the effectiveness of teacher training. Data is collected through documentation of the entire training process, starting from preparation, implementation, and completion. Interviews and in-depth observations were held in this in-house training process. Participants of this in-house training are a group of primary school teachers in Salatiga (10 teachers) and Tanjungpandan (10 teachers). The results show, there are 5 factors that need to be considered to achieve the effectiveness of in-house training of building mental models: (a) principal support, (b) association with certification, (c) training implementation time, (d) teachers' prior knowledge, (e) teacher habits when teaching in classroom, especially regarding assessment. Based on the evaluation of this training, the material presented was considered quite easy by the teacher. However, there is a tendency that teachers' habits in assessment affect the learning to build mental models that are carried out. There are habits that have the potential to interfere with the freedom of thought that are being developed. Based on the results of this study, it is hoped that the teaching carried out by the teacher can encourage students to think independently, not solely focusing on academic achievement. Pengajaran Membangun Model Mental saat membaca bermanfaat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca dan berpikir siswa. Namun pengajaran ini tidak populer karena pelaksanaannya yang tidak sederhana. Upaya mengembangkan model pembelajaran membangun model mental bagi para guru terus diupayakan. Penelitian ini mengkaji faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi efektivitas pelatihan guru. Data dikumpulkan melalui dokumentasi seluruh proses pelatihan, mulai dari persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan penyelesaian. Wawancara dan observasi mendalam dilaksanakan dalam proses in house training. Partisipan in house training dalam penelitian ini adalah kelompok guru SD di Salatiga (10 guru) dan Tanjungpandan (10 guru). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 5 faktor yang perlu dipertimbangkan untuk mencapai keefektifan in house training pembelajaran membangun model mental: (a) dukungan kepala sekolah, (b) pengaitan dengan sertifikasi, (c) waktu pelaksanaan pelatihan, (d) pengetahuan awal para guru, (e) kebiasaan guru dalam pengajaran di kelas, khususnya mengenai penilaian. Berdasarkan evaluasi terhadap pelatihan ini, materi yang disampaikan dianggap cukup mudah oleh guru. Namun ada kecenderungan bahwa kebiasaan guru dalam penilaian mempengaruhi pembelajaran membangun model mental yang dilaksanakan.  Ada kebiasaan yang berpotensi mengganggu kemerdekaan berpikir yang sedang dikembangkan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan pengajaran yang dilakukan guru dapat mendorong siswa untuk merdeka berpikir, tidak semata-mata berfokus pada prestasi akademik saja.
KECEMASAN MAHASISWA SELAMA PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 Hartinah Dinata; Sri Tiatri; Pamela Hendra Heng
Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni Vol 5, No 2 (2021): Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Tarumanagara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24912/jmishumsen.v5i2.11786.2021

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is an epidemic that is occurring worldwide and causing a number of psychological reactions and mental health. In response to the outbreak, the government established ‘Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh’ (PJJ). However, PJJ has had a number of negative effects. In addition, students are also prone to experiencing anxiety. There is increasing attention to the mental health of students at the higher education due to the COVID-19 situation. This study aims to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on student mental health, especially anxiety among students in Indonesia. The study was conducted using an online survey, with an anxiety scale from the DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale), and a questionnaire related to the anxiety. The participants were 166 active undergraduate (S-1) students who were doing PJJ. The results showed that most students experienced extremely severe level of anxiety (44%). The anxiety that students experience might come from the COVID-19 pandemic situation, and the PJJ situation. Most of the students were worried that they would be infected by COVID-19 (83.13%). In addition, students also experience anxiety about the PJJ activities. They feel more anxious about carrying out academic activities compared to the period before the pandemic (76.5%). In addition, there are several conditions that affect student anxiety, such as: (a) feeling bored and less enthusiastic about online learning activities (78.31%); (b) the signal is bad, the quota runs out (68.67%), and (c) there is a lot of disturbance to the surrounding environment when online classes (67.47%). This state of academic anxiety is considered disturbing for students. Pandemi COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) merupakan epidemi yang terjadi di seluruh dunia dan menyebabkan sejumlah reaksi psikologis dan kesehatan mental. Dalam menanggapi adanya wabah yang sedang merebak, pemerintah menetapkan Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ). Namun demikian, PJJ menyebabkan sejumlah dampak negatif. Selain itu, mahasiswa juga rentan mengalami kecemasan. Terjadi peningkatan perhatian terhadap kesehatan mental siswa pada tingkat pendidikan tinggi karena situasi COVID-19. Penelitian ini berusaha mengetahui dampak pandemi COVID-19 pada kesehatan mental mahasiswa, khususnya kecemasan pada mahasiswa di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan online survey, dengan skala kecemasan dari DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale), dan survey terkait kecemasan yang mahasiswa rasakan yang diciptakan peneliti. Partisipan berjumlah 166 mahasiswa aktif Strata 1 (S-1) yang sedang melakukan PJJ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa mengalami kecemasan dengan tingkat sangat parah (44%). Kecemasan yang dialami siswa dapat berasal dari situasi pandemi COVID-19 dan situasi PJJ. Sebagian besar mahasiswa cemas akan terjangkit COVID-19 (83,13%). Selain itu, mahasiswa juga mengalami kecemasan mengenai kegiatan PJJ yang berlangsung. Mereka merasa lebih cemas dalam menjalankan kegiatan akademik dibandingkan dengan masa sebelum pandemi (76,5%). Selain itu, terdapat beberapa kondisi yang mempengaruhi kecemasan mahasiswa, seperti: (a) perasaan bosan dan kurang antusias mengenai kegiatan belajar online (78,31%); (b) sinyal buruk, kuota habis (68,67%), dan (c) banyaknya gangguan lingkungan sekitar ketika sedang kelas online (67,47%). Keadaan kecemasan akademik ini dianggap mengganggu bagi mahasiswa.
GAMBARAN PERILAKU DAN PENGATURAN PENGGUNAAN TELEPON GENGGAM CERDAS (TGC) PADA SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN Tji Beng Jap; Hartinah Dinata; Vivien H. Wangi; Sri Tiatri
Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni Vol 5, No 2 (2021): Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Tarumanagara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24912/jmishumsen.v5i2.10086.2021

Abstract

Smartphone are tools that help life, even become daily needs for adolescents in Vocational High School (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan or SMK) who live in urban areas. Unfortunately, not a few teenagers experience problems due to excessive smartphone use. These can include physical problems such as problems with the eyes, movement, and body position; as well as psychological problems such as unharmonious relationships with the people around them, or feeling dependent on devices. There are not many studies that describe the behavior and regulation of smartphone use in adolescents, especially vocational high school students in Indonesia. This study aims to obtain a description of the behavior of smartphone use among vocational high school students, as well as the settings up of regulations by the home and school environment. Participants are 1.921 high school students in 5 cities in 5 provinces in Indonesia (West Kalimantan, Yogyakarta Special Region (DIY), Bangka Belitung Islands, North Sulawesi, and Central Java). Data collection was carried out through a survey with a questionnaire specially designed by the researcher. Data collection was carried out before the COVID-19 Pandemic occurred. The results showed that in the period before the COVID-19 Pandemic, most students used smartphones for about 4-8 hours per day, for communication purposes. In addition, parents and schools make regulations regarding the use of smartphones. The results of this study can provide an overview, as well as a comparison for the description of the behavior of device use after the outbreak of the COVID-19 outbreak. Telepon Genggam Cerdas (TGC) merupakan alat yang membantu kehidupan, bahkan menjadi kebutuhan sehari-hari bagi remaja di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) yang tinggal di daerah perkotaan. Sayangnya, tidak sedikit remaja yang mengalami masalah akibat penggunaan TGC yang berlebihan. Masalah itu dapat berupa masalah fisik seperti masalah pada mata, pergerakan, dan posisi tubuh; maupun masalah psikologis seperti hubungan yang kurang harmonis dengan orang-orang disekitarnya, atau merasakan ketergantungan terhadap gawai. Belum banyak studi yang menggambarkan perilaku dan pengaturan penggunaan TGC pada remaja khususnya siswa SMK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan gambaran perilaku penggunaan gawai pada siswa SMK, serta pengaturan yang ditetapkan oleh lingkungan rumah dan sekolah. Partisipan adalah 1921 siswa SMK di 5 kota yang ada di 5 provinsi di Indonesia (Kalimantan Barat, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY), Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, Sulawesi Utara, dan Jawa Tengah). Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan melalui survei dengan kuesioner yang dirancang khusus oleh peneliti. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan sebelum terjadinya Pandemi COVID-19. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada masa sebelum Pandemi COVID-19, kebanyakan siswa menggunakan TGC selama sekitar 4-8 jam per-hari, untuk keperluan berkomunikasi. Selain itu, orang tua dan sekolah membuat aturan mengenai penggunaan TGC. Hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan gambaran, sekaligus pembanding bagi gambaran perilaku penggunaan gawai sesudah merebaknya wabah COVID-19. 
Co-Authors Claudia Fiscarina Jap Tji Beng Pamela Hendra Heng Sri Tiatri Vivien H. Wangi