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Relationship of Night Shift Work and Breast Cancer Arnold Fernando; Muhammad Ilyas; Indah Suci Widyahening
The Indonesian Journal of Community and Occupational Medicine Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): ijcom
Publisher : ILUNI MKK FKUI and PRODI MKK FKUI

Background. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. 80% of breast cancer that has been identified in Indonesia has progressed into an advanced stage of malignancy. In 2007, the International Agency for Research on Cancer concluded: shift-work that involves circadian disruption is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A) Aim. This study aims to justify the association between night shift work and breast cancer. Methods. Searching literature for the evidence-based has been conducted with a clinical question through "PICO" method. Then continued with literature searching using the electronic database "PubMed" and "google scholar" search engine. The keyword is "shift work" "night shift" "breast cancer" and combined with MeSH terms and Boolean operation. The inclusion criteria are research on humans, and the exclusion is inaccessible studies, case report studies, and retracted articles. Result. All of the ten prospective studies that have been combined, the weighted average RR was 0.99 (95% CI = 0.95 to 1.03) for any night shift work compared with none. There was no statistically significant heterogeneity across studies (P = .052). ). But if based on a study of more than 20 years, the RR was 1.01 (95% CI = 0.93 to 1.10). And if based on a study of more than 30 years, the combined RR was 1.00 (95% CI = 0.87 to 1.14, P heterogeneity = 0.067. Confidence intervals for the incidence rate ratios on this study are narrow, even for 20 or more years of night shift work (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.93 to 1.10), so these findings exclude a moderate association of breast cancer incidence with long duration night shift work Conclusion. There are insignificant associations between night shift work and breast cancer.

Relationship Between Shift Work and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: An Evidence Base Case Report Irwan Suhadi; Indah Widyahening; Muhammad Ilyas
The Indonesian Journal of Community and Occupational Medicine Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): ijcom
Publisher : ILUNI MKK FKUI and PRODI MKK FKUI

Prostate cancer has been associated with jobs that involve some degree of work at night. In 2007, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that shift work involving circadian disruption was probably carcinogenic in humans. Exposure to artificial LAN (Light at Night) suppresses pineal melatonin secretion and subsequently leads to an increase of sex hormones, which in turn could increase the susceptibility to hormone-dependent cancers. Disruption of the circadian rhythm regulated by several clock genes controlling apoptosis and cell proliferation, repeated phase shifting leading to internal desynchronisation and defects in the regulation of the circadian cell cycle, and also sleep deprivation alters immune function. In this case, the authors assessed the relationship between workers in a manufacture company who had worked shift work for 30 years and an increased risk of prostate cancer. This case takes evidence base from several journals that support this hypothesis while doing a critical appraisal to determine its validity and applicability.

Allergic Contact Dermatitis Among Healthcare Workers Exposed to Glutaraldehyde Rita I Wijaya; Muhammad Ilyas
The Indonesian Journal of Community and Occupational Medicine Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): ijcom
Publisher : ILUNI MKK FKUI and PRODI MKK FKUI

Background: One of the health problems that can be caused by glutaralaldehyde is allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). However, the causal relationship between glutaraldehyde and DKA is still unclear, so it is necessary to look for some evidence regarding this relationship. The search for evidence is also equipped with a seven-step assessment of occupational diseases therefore it can assist occupational medicine doctors who find patients with ACD and have a history of exposure to glutaraldehyde. Methods: Literature search using Pubmed, Scopus and JSTOR databases. The keywords used are ‘healthcare worker OR healthcare personnel’, ‘glutaraldehyde’ and ‘allergic contact dermatitis. Article selection was performed using the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Selected articles will be critically reviewed based on etiological studies from the Oxford Center of Evidence-Based Medicine. Result: It was in six selected articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main finding after a critical review was that glutaraldehyde may increase the risk of ACD. Conclusion: There is a relationship between 1% glutaraldehyde exposure and the incidence of ACD in health workers. To establish the diagnosis of occupational diseases in health workers who are exposed to glutaraldehyde, seven steps of diagnosis of occupational diseases are used.

Chronic Kidney Disease Among Workers Exposed To Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Muhammad Ilyas; Andreas Kresna
The Indonesian Journal of Community and Occupational Medicine Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): ijcom
Publisher : ILUNI MKK FKUI and PRODI MKK FKUI

Background: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a class of perfluorocarbons, are synthetic environmental contaminants. Their long biological half-lives and their poor ability to metabolize likely add to any chronic health effects they may pose, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). The causal relationship between PFOA and CKD is still unclear, so it is necessary to look for some evidence regarding this relationship. The search for evidence is also complemented by a seven-step occupational disease assessment to establish occupational diseases. Aim: This study aims to justify chronic kidney disease of workers exposed to perfluorooctanoic acid can be diagnosed as occupational diseases.Methods: Searching literature for the evidence-based has been conducted with a clinical question through “PICO” method. Then continued with literature searching using the electronic database “PubMed”, “JSTOR”, and “Scopus” search engine. The keyword is “PFOA” “perfluoroalkyl substances” “perfluorooctanoic acid” “chronic kidney” “chronic kidney disease” “CKD” and combined with MeSH terms and Boolean operation. The inclusion criteria are research on humans, English language, and the exclusion is retracted articles.Result: From the five literatures obtained, there are differences in results. A study of workers exposed to perfluorooctanoic acid in a DuPont chemical plant with chronic kidney disease was (Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) = 3.11, 95% CI: 1.66, 5.32). Study in China found that perfluorooctanoic acid is not associated with renal function and higher risk of CKD (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.95; p=0.019).Conclusion: There are insignificant associations between perfluorooctanoic acid and chronic kidney disease.

Diabetes Mellitus Among Workers Exposed to Perfluorooctanoic acid Spadini Putri; Muhammad Ilyas
The Indonesian Journal of Community and Occupational Medicine Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): ijcom
Publisher : ILUNI MKK FKUI and PRODI MKK FKUI

Background: One of the health problems that can be caused by Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is Diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the causal relationship between Perfluorooctanoic acid and DM is still unclear, so it is necessary to look for some evidence regarding this relationship. The search for evidence is also equipped with a seven-step assessment of occupational diseases therefore it can assist occupational health doctors who find patients with DM and have a history of exposure to glutaraldehyde. Methods: Literature search using Pubmed, Cochrane and JSTOR databases. The keywords used are “PFOA” OR “perfluoroalkyl substances” OR “perfluorooctanoic acid” AND “diabetes mellitus”. Article selection was performed using the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Selected articles will be critically reviewed based on etiological studies from the Oxford Center of Evidence-Based Medicine. Result: It was in 5 selected articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main finding after a critical review was that PFOA may increase the risk of DM. Conclusion: There is a relationship between PFOA and the incidence of DM in health workers. To establish the diagnosis of occupational diseases in health workers who are exposed to PFOA, seven steps of diagnosis of occupational diseases are used.

Thyroid Disease Among Workers Exposed To Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Vera; Muhammad Ilyas
The Indonesian Journal of Community and Occupational Medicine Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): ijcom
Publisher : ILUNI MKK FKUI and PRODI MKK FKUI

Background: Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) is one of the Perfluoroalkyl acids family that can affect human health. It can act as an endocrine disruptors which interfered the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis and targeted the biosynthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones, which can caused thyroid diseases. To determine the causal relationship between PFOA and thyroid diseases, it is necessary to look for some evidence regarding this relationship. The search for evidence is also complemented by a seven-step occupational disease assessment to establish occupational diseases.Methods: The literature searching using the electronic database “PubMed”, “Cochrane”, and “Scopus” search engine. The keyword is “PFOA” “perfluoroalkyl substances” “perfluorooctanoic acid” “perfluorooctanoate” AND “thyroid disease” “thyroid function” “thyroid parameters” combined with MeSH and Title/Abstract terms. The inclusion criteria are research on humans, English language, free full article and the exclusion is duplicate articles.Result: From the five literature obtained, there are differences in results. Four articles stated that there are association between PFOA and thyroid diseases but one articles stated PFOA concentrations measured in this study were not associated with thyroid hormones.Conclusion: Althought most articles stated there are associations between PFOA and thyroid disease but it does not mean that PFOA can caused thyroid disease so it is still not clear the causal relationship between PFOA and thyroid disease especially in occupational setting.

Bronchial Asthma Among Synthetic Fertilizer Factory Workers Exposed to Ammonia Dwitya Solihati; Muhammad Ilyas
The Indonesian Journal of Community and Occupational Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): ijcom
Publisher : ILUNI MKK FKUI and PRODI MKK FKUI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53773/ijcom.v2i1.56.17-25

Background: Ammonia is colorless gaseous compound, lucid and irritating material that is water soluble with a distinctly pungent odor. About 80% of the total usage of ammonia is mainly used to produce synthetic fertilizers. One of the health problems caused by ammonia is bronchial asthma. Ammonia can act as sensitizer or irritant asthmagen depend on their properties, which increased complex interaction of inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airflow obstruction. However, the causal relationship between ammonia and bronchial asthma is still unclear, so it is necessary to look for some evidence regarding this relationship. The search for evidence also included the seven-step assessment of occupational diagnosis of diseases. Therefore, it can assist occupational medicine doctors who treat patients with bronchial asthma and with a history of ammonia exposure. Methods: The literature searching using the electronic database “PubMed”, “Scopus”, and “Cochrane” search engine. Keywords used were worker, ammonia, and bronchial asthma, ventilatory disorder, respiratory disorder. The articles were selected using the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selected articles were then be critically reviewed based on etiological studies from the Oxford Center of Evidence-Based Medicine. Result: From the five literature obtained, there are differences in results. One article stated that ammonia can increase prevalence risk of bronchial asthma, and other four articles found significant associations between ammonia and reduction in the parameters of pulmonary function. Conclusion: There is a relationship between ammonia exposure and the prevalence of bronchial asthma and reduction of pulmonary function in synthetic fertilizer factory worker. But it is uncertain whether the diagnosis is occupational asthma.

The Effect of Methylmetacryalte Exposure on The Incidence of Asthma Bronchiale Muchammad Arief Gunawan; Indah suci Widyahening; Muhammad Ilyas
The Indonesian Journal of Community and Occupational Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): ijcom
Publisher : ILUNI MKK FKUI and PRODI MKK FKUI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53773/ijcom.v3i1.83.36-41

Background: Asthma is one of the major health problems in the world. An estimated 300 million people worldwide suffer from asthma, with 250.000 deaths each year from asthma. The prevalence of asthma has continued to increase in recent years, Asthma affects 1 in 14 people in America in 2001 while in 2009 the rationale was 1 patient in 12 people The aim of this report is to get a systematically searching in order to get an answer about the risk factor of the Asthma bronchiale and the prevention measure.Methods: A 40-year-old woman who works as a dental technician complains of experiencing symptoms of shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing and cold. A search was carried out to obtain clinical answers with databases obtained from: PubMed, and ProQuest. With the keyword “Worker”, “Methyl Methacrylate OR Acrylic” AND “Occupational Asthma” with inclusion criteria cohort studies, case control studies, cross sectional studies, methyl methacrylate, occupational asthma, occupational, and case report. Results: One study was found that there was a relationship between asthma and exposure to methacrylate. Risk of doctor-diagnosed asthma within 12 months (OR 27.6, 95% CI 1.19 - 7-54) and adult-onset asthma (2.65, 1.14-7.24) when compared with those not exposed to methyl methacrylate.Conclusion: From the two studies that we have been reviewed there was a significant relationship between exposure of methyl methacrylate or acrylic to the incidence of asthma.

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