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Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Sukun (Artocarpus altilis F.) terhadap Perbaikan Jumlah Sel-Î² Pankreas pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Model Diabetes Melitus Hidayatulloh, Achmad Syarif; Suyatmi, .; Hikmayani, Nur Hafidha
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 2 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by decrease of insulin production and/or sensitivity. The hyperglycemia state increases free radical production which can damage pancreatic Î² cells through oxidative stress mechanism. Breadfruit leaves contain antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenolics and tannins which can neutralize free radical activity. This study aims to examine the effect of breadfruit leaf extract on pancreatic Î² cells in diabetic rats. Methods: This was an experimental study using posttest only group design. Subjects were 30 male white rats aged 2-3 months and weighed 160-200 g. Subjects were divided into 5 treatment groups. Normal group, treatment group I, II, and III were intraperitoneally induced by 65 mg/kgBW streptozotocine and 230 mg/kgBW nicotinamide. Negative control group and normal group were administered 2 ml/kgBW/day NaCMC, whereas treatment groups I, II, and III were administered breadfruit leaf extract at doses of 200 mg/kgBW/day, 400 mg/kgBW/day, and 800 mg/kgBW/day, respectively. Treatments were conducted for 14 days and rats were terminated at day 15th. The ratsâ pancreases were made into preparations of glass slides with Gomori staining. Data on the numbers of normal pancreatic Î² cells were compared by the Kruskal Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: There was a significant difference of the numbers of normal pancreatic Î² cells among the groups (p<0.001). Results from Mann-Whitney U tests showed no significant differences, except comparisons between negative control group and treatment group I (p=0.548), and between treatment group III and normal group (p=0.548). Conclusion: Breadfruit leaf extract can improve the numbers of pancreatic Î² cells in diabetic rats with an optimal dose of 800 mg/kgBW/day. Keywords: Breadfruit leaf extract, pancreatic Î² cells, diabetes mellitus, STZ-NA.Â

Perbedaan Tingkat Prestasi Belajar antara Siswa yang Mengalami dan Tidak Mengalami Adiksi Internet di SMA Negeri 1 Salatiga Sayekti Asih Nugraheni; Machmuroch .; Nur Hafidha Hikmayani
Nexus Pendidikan Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 1, No 1 (2012): Nexus Pendidikan Kedokteran & Kesehatan
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Background: Internet addiction is potentially experienced by young people, including students. Students with internet addiction may suffer from lack of sleep, fatigue, decreased performance on social activity, anxiety, and apathy. Furthermore, internet addiction may cause negative effects on students achievement level. This study aims to examine the difference of learning achievement level between students of SMA Negeri 1 Salatiga who were addicted and not addicted to the internet. Methods: This was an analytical observational research using cross-sectional approach, conducted from May to July 2012 at SMA Negeri 1 Salatiga. Subjects were 11th grade students majoring science who were sampled using simple random sampling method. Eighty subjects were asked to fill out the Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ) and the Lie Scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (L-MMPI), both were Bahasa Indonesia versions. Status of having internet addiction was identified from the YDQ scores, while learning achievement level was determined from students average scores at the first and second semester. Data were analyzed using independent t test, ?2 test, and prevalence ratio (PR). Results: Seventeen students (21,25%) were found to be addicted to internet, 11 (64,7%) of which showed poor learning achievement. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference of students scores between those having and not having internet addiction (82,99 versus 84,72; t = -3,792; p < 0.001). The learning achievement levels also differed significantly between the two groups (?2 = 6,128; p = 0,013), where poor achievement level was found two times higher in group of students having internet addiction (PR = 2,04). Conclusions: There was a significant difference of learning achievement level between students having and not having internet addiction at SMA Negeri 1 Salatiga. Keywords: Internet addiction, learning achievement level

Perbedaan Kemampuan Bahasa Menurut Jenis Kelamin pada Siswa SLB Autis di Surakarta Endang Susilowati Ningsih; Aris Sudiyanto; Nur Hafidha Hikmayani
Nexus Kedokteran Klinik Vol 3, No 2 (2014): Nexus Kedokteran Klinik
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Background:Knowledge about language in autism are lacking or else contradictive. Previous studies found that girls with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) had greater communication deficits than boys,while other studies mentioned that boys with ASD had less languagecapabilities than girls.This study aimed to examine the difference in language ability by genderamongstudents of autis schools in Surakarta. Methods:This was an observational analytic study using cross-sectional approach, conducted from April to May 2013 in SLB Autis Harmony and SLB Autis Alamanda Surakarta. Students of SLB Autis Harmony and SLB Autis Alamanda who met inclusion criteria were sampled. Subjects were categorized into verbal and nonverbal type. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. Results:Of 33 subjects meeting the restriction criteria, 19 (57.6%) had language skills of nonverbal type, and 13 students (68.4%) of whom were boys. Statistical analysis showed no difference in language abilities of autistic boys and girls (p = 1.000). Conclusions:There was no language skill differenceaccording to gender of students with autism in SLB Autis Harmony and SLB Autis Alamanda Surakarta. Keywords:autism, language, gender.

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Sukun (Artocarpus altilis F.) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Malondialdehid (MDA) pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Model Diabetes Melitus Gresmita Rindi Winarti; Ida Nurwati; Nur Hafidha Hikmayani
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that causes increased free radical activity in the body. Excessive free radicals contribute to diabetes complications. The free radicals will react with lipids and then they can form malondialdehyde. This free radicals can be neutralized by antioxidants. Breadfruit (Atrocarpus altilis F.) leaf contains flavonoids and phenolics which serve as antioxidants. This research aimed to determine the effect of breadfruit leaf extract on malondialdehyde levels in diabetic rats. Methods: This was an experimental research using posttest only control group design. Subjects were 30 male white rats, three months old with average body weight of 160-200 g. Subjects were randomly divided into five treatment groups: Normal group, negative control group, treatment group I, treatment group II, and treatment group III. All subjects of the groups, except normal group, were induced by 65 mg/kgBW streptozotocin (STZ) and 230 mg/kgBW nicotinamide (NA). Each subjects in normal and negative control group were administered 2 ml/kgBW/day Natrium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Na-CMC), whereas treatment groups I, II, and III were administered breadfruit leaf extract at doses of 200 mg/kgBW/day, 400 mg/kgBW/day, and 800 mg/kgBW/day, respectively. The treatments were done for 14 days. Malondialdehyde levels were measured from blood samples collected via retro-orbital veins. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney U tests (a=0.05). Results: Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference of MDA levels among five groups (p<0.001). Statistically significant differences of MDA levels were further found in all pairs of two-group comparisons, except between the negative control group and the treatment group I (p=0.690). Conclusion: Breadfruit leaf extract could decrease malondialdehyde levels in diabetic rats induced by STZ-NA. The dose of 800 mg/kgBW/day of breadfruit leaf extract showed the greatest effect. Keywords: Breadfruit leaf extract, MDA, Diabetes mellitus

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Sukun (Artocarpus altilis F.) terhadap Perbaikan Jumlah Sel-? Pankreas pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Model Diabetes Melitus Achmad Syarif Hidayatulloh; . Suyatmi; Nur Hafidha Hikmayani
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 2 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by decrease of insulin production and/or sensitivity. The hyperglycemia state increases free radical production which can damage pancreatic ? cells through oxidative stress mechanism. Breadfruit leaves contain antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenolics and tannins which can neutralize free radical activity. This study aims to examine the effect of breadfruit leaf extract on pancreatic ? cells in diabetic rats. Methods: This was an experimental study using posttest only group design. Subjects were 30 male white rats aged 2-3 months and weighed 160-200 g. Subjects were divided into 5 treatment groups. Normal group, treatment group I, II, and III were intraperitoneally induced by 65 mg/kgBW streptozotocine and 230 mg/kgBW nicotinamide. Negative control group and normal group were administered 2 ml/kgBW/day NaCMC, whereas treatment groups I, II, and III were administered breadfruit leaf extract at doses of 200 mg/kgBW/day, 400 mg/kgBW/day, and 800 mg/kgBW/day, respectively. Treatments were conducted for 14 days and rats were terminated at day 15th. The rats pancreases were made into preparations of glass slides with Gomori staining. Data on the numbers of normal pancreatic ? cells were compared by the Kruskal Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: There was a significant difference of the numbers of normal pancreatic ? cells among the groups (p<0.001). Results from Mann-Whitney U tests showed no significant differences, except comparisons between negative control group and treatment group I (p=0.548), and between treatment group III and normal group (p=0.548). Conclusion: Breadfruit leaf extract can improve the numbers of pancreatic ? cells in diabetic rats with an optimal dose of 800 mg/kgBW/day. Keywords: Breadfruit leaf extract, pancreatic ? cells, diabetes mellitus, STZ-NA.

Pengaruh Ekstrak Kulit Manggis dalam Mencegah Peningkatan Kadar Blood Urea Nitrogen pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Gentamisin Putri Ayu Winiasih; Endang Sri Hardjanti; Nur Hafidha Hikmayani
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Gentamicin, which is often used for infection treatment against aerobic Gram negative bacteria, is known having nephrotoxic effects through the inflammation mechanisms. Mangosteen pericarp has antioxidant activity and antiinflammation properties which attenuates oxidative stress, inflammatory and fibrotic pathways, hence it potentially prevents renal damages. Gentamicin-induced renal damages can be measured from elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mangosteen pericarp extract on BUN levels in Wistar rats induced by gentamicin. Methods: This was an experimental study with pre- and posttest controlled group design. Thirty white male Wistar rats aged 8-12 weeks and weighed 135-170 grams were randomly divided into three groups. Normal control group (P1) was administered orally with Natrium Carboxymethylcellulose (Na CMC) 0.5%. Negative control group (P2) got intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of gentamicin at total dose of 100 mg/kgBW. Treatment group (P3) was induced by gentamicin and 125 mg/kgBW mangosteen pericarp extract. The extract was administered orally thirty minutes after gentamicin injection for ten consecutive days. Blood samples were collected from retroorbital veins and BUN levels were measured at day 0 and day 11. Data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys multiple comparison tests (?=0.05). Results: One-way ANOVA test showed no significant difference in pretest BUN levels among three groups (p=0.902). At day 11, BUN level in P2 group was significantly higher than those in P1 and P3 groups. Tukeys multiple comparison test further showed significant difference between P1-P2 and P2-P3 (p<0.001). No significant difference of BUN level was found between P1-P3 (p=0.386). Conclusions: Mangosteen pericarp extract could significantly prevent the elevation of BUN levels in Wistar rats induced by gentamicin. Keywords: mangosteen pericarp extract, gentamicin, BUN

Hubungan antara Penerimaan Diri dan Depresi pada Komunitas Gay di Surakarta Niken Ayu Pratiwi; Djoko Suwito; Nur Hafidha Hikmayani
Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Background: Gay is one of high-risk groups to have depression. The prevalence of depression in gay is reportedly higher than that in heterosexual people. Gay is often faced to low self-acceptance or social-acceptance problems which potentially lead to depression. This study aimed to seek the correlation between self-acceptance and depression in gay community. Methods: This was an analytical study using cross sectional approach, conducted in May 2013 at Gessang Foundation in Surakarta. Samples were purposively selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were asked to fill in: (1) biodata and informed consent forms, (2) the L-MMPI questionnaire to evaluate respondents truthfulness in answering questionnaires, (3) the Bergers Self-Acceptance Scale questionnaire to measure self-acceptance scores, and (4) the Becks Depression Inventory Scale to measure depression scores. Samples were excluded when either declined at least 10 statements from the L-MMPI questionnaire, did not completely fill in the forms and questionnaires, had chronic diseases, or were on long-term medications. Data were analyzed by Pearsons Product Moment correlation test using SPSS 20.0 for Windows. Results: The self-acceptance of 31 subjects eligible for this study was relatively low (mean score = 104.6). The overall mean of depression scores was 14.7 and only 6 subjects (19.4%) were not having depression as they scored less than 10. The analysis showed a Pearsons correlation coefficient (r) of -0.758 (p<0.001), suggesting that self-acceptance and depression were significantly negatively correlated. Conclusion: There was a strong and statistically significant negative correlation between self-acceptance and depression at a gay community in Surakarta. Keywords: Self-acceptance, Depression, Gay

Efek Hepatoprotektif Sari Belimbing Manis Terhadap Kadar SGPT: Studi Awal Terhadap Tikus yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Dosis Toksik Hana Amatillah; Endang Ediningsih; Nur Hafidha Hikmayani
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Star fruit is a good source of natural antioxidants which can prevent oxidative damages and modulate reactive free-radicals. However, no study had been carried out so far on the hepatoprotective effect of star fruit. This research aimed to study the hepatoprotective effect of star fruit juice on SGPT level in paracetamol- intoxicated rats. Methods: This was a laboratory experimental study with posttest only controlled group design. A total of 30 white male, Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), aged 2-3 months and weighed 160-200 grams was assigned into five groups. Normal group and negative control group were administered distilled water, while positive control group was administered Curcuma (3.6 mg/200 g bw). The treatment group 1 and 2 were administered star fruit juice at concentration of 50% and 100%, successively. This study was performed for 14 days. In the last 3 days, all groups except normal group were induced by paracetamol at toxic dose (291.6 mg/200 g BW) an hour after the treatment of star fruit juice (for treatment group 1 and 2) was done. Blood samples were collected from retro-orbitalis venous to measure SGPT levels. The data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA followed by LSD test. Results: The analysis of SGPT with one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference across all groups. Further, the LSD tests of SGPT level showed significant differences between negative control group (182.5 U/L 14.0) and the two star fruit groups (p values <0.001). SGPT mean in treatment group 1 (87.0 U/L 14.1) and treatment group 2 (91.7 U/L 14.9) also differed from those of positive control (67.1 U/L 5.5, p=0.008) and normal group (53.8 U/L 8.6, p=0.002). There was no significant difference between two groups treated with star fruit juice (p=0.511). Conclusions: Star fruit juice at concentration of 50% and 100% significantly inhibited the elevation of SGPT levels in paracetamol-intoxicated rats. Keywords: Star fruit juice, SGPT, paracetamol, rats

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Kulit Manggis (Garcinia mangostana, Linn.) dalam Mencegah Peningkatan Kadar Kreatinin Darah pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinduksi Gentamisin Surya Adhi Prakoso; Endang Sri Hardjanti; Nur Hafidha Hikmayani
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Gentamicin may cause nephrotoxicity and inhibits blood creatinine excretion. Xanthone from mangosteen pericarp has antioxidant and antiinflammation effects and can potentially protect kidney from inflammatory-mediated gentamicins nephrotoxicity. Gentamicin-induced renal damage can be identified from the elevation of blood creatinine levels. The purpose of this research was to find the potential of mangosteen pericarp extract to prevent the elevation of blood creatinine levels. Methods: This was an experimental research with pre and posttest controlled group design. Samples were 30 male Wistar-strain rats, 2-3 months old with approximately 200 gram of weight. Samples were randomly divided into 3 groups:control group (KN) administered Na CMC 0.5% orally, negative control group (K-) administered gentamicin 100 mg/kgBW intraperitoneally, and treatment group (KD) administered gentamicin 100 mg/kgBW intraperitoneally and 125 mg/kgBW mangosteen pericarp extract orally. Blood creatinine levels were assessed before treatment and 10 days after treatment by spectrophotometer. Data collected were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: There was significant difference of blood creatinine levels before and after treatment among the three groups (p<0.001). Mann-Whitney tests showed statistically significant differences of creatinine level between KN-K- and KD-K- (p<0.001). No significant difference of blood creatinine levels was found for KN-KD comparison(p=0.06). Conclusion: Mangosteen pericarp extract at dose of 125 mg/kgBW prevented the elevation of blood creatinine levels in Wistar rats induced by gentamicin. Keywords: mangosteen pericarp extract, gentamicin, blood creatinine level

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