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UJI EFEKTIVITAS SEDIAAN GEL MINYAK ATSIRI KULIT BUAH JERUK PONTIANAK (Citrus nobilis Lour. Var. microcarpa) TERHADAP Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus Taurina, Wintari; Rafikasari, Rafikasari
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 19, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Minyak atsiri adalah suatu substansi alami yang telah dikenal memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas sediaan gel antiseptik minyak atsiri kulit buah jeruk Pontianak. Minyak atsiri kulit buah jeruk Pontianak kemudian diformulasikan menjadi sediaan gel, kemudian diuji efektivitas sebagai antibakteri pada bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, konsentrasi minyak atsiri yang efektif menghambat adalah sebesar 0,5 % terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli, sedangkan Staphylococcus aureus dihambat pada konsentrasi 0,1 %; 0,3 % dan 0,5 %. Hasil dari stabilitas sediaan gelnya menunjukkan bahwa gel memiliki homogenitas, nilai pH dan daya lekat yang stabil. Daya sebar gel meningkat selama 30 hari penyimpanan. Uji analisis One Way Anova menunjukkan bahwa daya sebar setiap formula gel tidak berbeda signifikan.

Efektivitas Gel Anti Jerawat Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale Rosc. Var. Rubrum) terhadap Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis SYF. OCTY NOVY FISSY; RAFIKA SARI; LIZA PRATIWI
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol 12 No 2 (2014): JIFI
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (675.087 KB)

Acne can be caused by bacteria, such as Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc. var. rubrum) has been studied for its antibacterial activity. The aims of this research was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of red ginger rhizome ethanol extract against P. acnes and S. epidermidis bacteria and the effectiveness when the extraxt formulated into gel. The simplicia was extracted by soxhlet using 96% ethanol. Diffusion method was used to measure the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extract. Afterwards, the extract was forrmulated into gel by using three variation of HPMC 4000 and carbopol 934 as gel base with ratio of 70:30 (Formula I), 50:50 (Formula II) and 30:70 (Formula III). Gel evaluation included organoleptic, spreadability, adhesive property, pH and antibacterial effectiveness. The data was analyzed by R-Commander program 2.14.1 Version. The results showed MIC values are 0.45% against P. acnes and 0.5% against S.epidermidis. The results of evaluation for 30 days of storage showed that the gels had stable pH and adhesion, homogenous, whereas the spreadablity of gels increased. Antibacterial evaluation showed that formula I give the best effectiveness with 16,11 mm zone of inhibition against P. acnes and 14,00 mm against S.epidermidis.

The Sensitivity of Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, and Flusitosin to Fungal Pathogens Isolated from Wounds of Diabetic Ulcer Patients Rafika Sari
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.01

A diabetic ulcer is a wound caused by infection, ulceration or destruction in people with diabetes mellitus. Mostly, diabetic ulcer found in foot. The purpose of this study was to identify pathogenic fungi in diabetic ulcers and their sensitivity to fungal drugs. The morphological determination of fungal isolates was stained with Lactophenol Cotton Blue. Determination of sensitivity using diffusion discs Kirby Bauer which are classified based on Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) with Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, and Flusitosin. Based on the results of the study found 8 types of pathogenic fungi namely Candida albicans (38.78%), Candida guilliermondii (4.08%), Candida kefyr 10.20%), Candida parapsilosis (10.20%), Fusarium solani (14.29) %), Microsporum audouinii (14.29%), Penicillium sp(2.04%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (4.08%), and Trichophyton equinum (2.04%). The fungus was identified using Gideon software and the book Description of Medical Fungi. The results of the antifungal sensitivity test showed the results were sensitive to fluconazole. Amphotericin B is intermediate to Candida albicans, Candida guilliermondii, Penicillium sp. and Trichophyton sp. and is resistant to Candida kefyr and Candida parapsilosis. Flusitosin is only an intermediate against Penicillium sp. while other fungal species are immune. The conclusion of this study. The results of diabetic ulcer swabs III and IV indicate the presence of fungal colonies with species of 9 species namely Candida albicans, Candida guilliermondii, Candida kefyr, Candida Parapsilosis, Fusarium solani, Microsporum Audouinii, Penicillium sp., Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton equinum. Antifungal sensitivity tests on all pathogenic fungi showed sensitivity to fluconazole. Amphotericin Bintermediatrics against Candida albicans, Candida guilliermondii, Penicillium sp. and Trichophyton sp. while resistant to Candida kefyrand Candida parapsilosis. Flusitosin is only an intermediate against Penicillium sp. while other fungal species are resistant.

Efektivitas SNEDDS Kombinasi Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Cengkodok (Melasthoma malabathricum)-Antibiotik terhadap Bakteri Hasil Isolat dari Pasien Ulkus Diabetik Rafika Sari; Pratiwi Apridamayanti; Liza Pratiwi
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.05

Diabetic ulcer is a condition where there are neurological abnormalities and peripheral arterial vascular disease that causes infection, ulceration, and/or damage to the deepest skin tissue on the feet of people with diabetes mellitus (DM). The long duration of wound healing is due to the wrong use of antibiotics for a long time, and bacteria tend to become resistant to antibiotics. Antimicrobial compound fraction of cengkodok combined with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics for prevention and reduction of antibiotic resistance in the cause of diabetic ulcers. The drug preparation is in the form of self nanoemulsifiying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), which is the optimum combination of cengkodok leaf fraction with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics. The use of SNEDDS in this study is because the SNEDDS made from nanoemulsion formulations has small particle size, large surface absorption, and good dispersion, so that it can be evenly dispersed on the skin and penetrates the skin layer. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the formulation cengkodok leaf fraction with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics against B. cereus and S. aureususing the SNEDDS drug delivery system. The test uses the spotless diffusion method without using paper discs. The results showed that the combination of cengkodok leaf fraction with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics had better activity against B. cereus and S. aureus than cengkodok leaf fraction, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin only.

The Sensitivity of Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, and Flusitosin to Fungal Pathogens Isolated from Wounds of Diabetic Ulcer Patients Rafika Sari
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.01

A diabetic ulcer is a wound caused by infection, ulceration or destruction in people with diabetes mellitus. Mostly, diabetic ulcer found in foot. The purpose of this study was to identify pathogenic fungi in diabetic ulcers and their sensitivity to fungal drugs. The morphological determination of fungal isolates was stained with Lactophenol Cotton Blue. Determination of sensitivity using diffusion discs Kirby Bauer which are classified based on Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) with Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, and Flusitosin. Based on the results of the study found 8 types of pathogenic fungi namely Candida albicans (38.78%), Candida guilliermondii (4.08%), Candida kefyr 10.20%), Candida parapsilosis (10.20%), Fusarium solani (14.29) %), Microsporum audouinii (14.29%), Penicillium sp(2.04%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (4.08%), and Trichophyton equinum (2.04%). The fungus was identified using Gideon software and the book Description of Medical Fungi. The results of the antifungal sensitivity test showed the results were sensitive to fluconazole. Amphotericin B is intermediate to Candida albicans, Candida guilliermondii, Penicillium sp. and Trichophyton sp. and is resistant to Candida kefyr and Candida parapsilosis. Flusitosin is only an intermediate against Penicillium sp. while other fungal species are immune. The conclusion of this study. The results of diabetic ulcer swabs III and IV indicate the presence of fungal colonies with species of 9 species namely Candida albicans, Candida guilliermondii, Candida kefyr, Candida Parapsilosis, Fusarium solani, Microsporum Audouinii, Penicillium sp., Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton equinum. Antifungal sensitivity tests on all pathogenic fungi showed sensitivity to fluconazole. Amphotericin Bintermediatrics against Candida albicans, Candida guilliermondii, Penicillium sp. and Trichophyton sp. while resistant to Candida kefyrand Candida parapsilosis. Flusitosin is only an intermediate against Penicillium sp. while other fungal species are resistant.

Efektivitas SNEDDS Kombinasi Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Cengkodok (Melasthoma malabathricum)-Antibiotik terhadap Bakteri Hasil Isolat dari Pasien Ulkus Diabetik Rafika Sari; Pratiwi Apridamayanti; Liza Pratiwi
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.05

Diabetic ulcer is a condition where there are neurological abnormalities and peripheral arterial vascular disease that causes infection, ulceration, and/or damage to the deepest skin tissue on the feet of people with diabetes mellitus (DM). The long duration of wound healing is due to the wrong use of antibiotics for a long time, and bacteria tend to become resistant to antibiotics. Antimicrobial compound fraction of cengkodok combined with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics for prevention and reduction of antibiotic resistance in the cause of diabetic ulcers. The drug preparation is in the form of self nanoemulsifiying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), which is the optimum combination of cengkodok leaf fraction with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics. The use of SNEDDS in this study is because the SNEDDS made from nanoemulsion formulations has small particle size, large surface absorption, and good dispersion, so that it can be evenly dispersed on the skin and penetrates the skin layer. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the formulation cengkodok leaf fraction with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics against B. cereus and S. aureususing the SNEDDS drug delivery system. The test uses the spotless diffusion method without using paper discs. The results showed that the combination of cengkodok leaf fraction with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics had better activity against B. cereus and S. aureus than cengkodok leaf fraction, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin only.

Pengolahan Ampas Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.) menjadi Masker Face Pack Powder di Desa Punggur Besar, Kuburaya: Processing of Arabica Coffee Dregs (Coffea arabica L.) into Face Pack Powder Masks in Punggur Besar Village, Kuburaya Liza Pratiwi; Pratiwi Apridamayanti; Rafika Sari
PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol. 8 No. 2 (2023): PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33084/pengabdianmu.v8i2.4230

Cosmetics are preparations that are popularly used. Face pack is claimed to rejuvenate the skin and remove dirt and excess oil on the skin. Coffee grounds in Punggur Besar Village have only been thrown away and become waste, so a new breakthrough is needed to process coffee grounds so that they can be utilized and not wasted. This PKM activity will be carried out offline using the Health protocol. The purpose of the Community Service Program (PKM) is product innovation by utilizing coffee grounds waste into masks. This PKM activity began with making masks in the laboratory, training activities for making coffee grounds face packs including exposure of material on cosmetic face pack powder treatments, training with health protocols with the number of participants limited to 20 people with a room capacity of 50 people, exposure on labels and face packaging. pack powder, discussion and question and answer. Evaluation and monitoring activities are carried out using a questionnaire (pretest and post-test). The results of the activity showed significant differences in the results of the questionnaire analysis before and after the activity on each question item. The PKM activity targeting PKK women in Punggur Besar Village succeeded in increasing the ability of PKK women in utilizing coffee grounds waste into face pack powder masks. The next activity is expected to be able to provide assistance so that the resulting product obtains a distribution permit so that the coffee grounds face pack powder product can be marketed with a wider market share.

Efektivitas Edible Coating Spray Gel Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera) dan Daun Sirih (Piper betle) Sebagai Sanitizer Pangan Afif Fadhil Azmi; Insan Kamil; Yuninta Maulidia; Namira Alifah Fahiratunnisa; Julianti Pramita; Rafika Sari
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 2 (2023): PJI Vol 8.2
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Daun sirih dan lidah buaya memiliki sifat antibakteri yang dibuktikan dengan adanya kandungan zat aktif dan senyawa organik lainnya. Aktivitas antibakteri pada kedua tanaman tersebut dipengaruhi oleh adanya metabolit sekunder seperti glukomanan dan fenol yang ada pada lidah buaya serta fenol, saponin dan flavonoid pada daun sirih. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui mekanisme serta aktivitas kombinasi gel lidah buaya dan daun sirih dalam bentuk sediaan edible coating spray sebagai sanitizer pangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimental murni (true experiment design) in vitro dengan desain rancangan acak lengkap (completely randomized design). Kemudian, untuk menguji kinerja aktivitas antibakteri digunakan metode difusi kertas cakram terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat aktivitas penghambatan dari sediaan terhadap kedua bakteri uji. Zona hambat yang paling besar dimiliki oleh sediaan dengan konsentrasi 100% dengan kategori hambat sangat kuat terhadap Escherichia coli dan kategori kuat pada Staphylococcus aureus. Uji one way ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan Post Hoc Test menunjukkan angka signifikan p<0,05 yang merepresentasikan adanya perbedaan bermakna pada kebusukan buah terhadap perlakuan kontrol dengan konsentrasi 100%, sedangkan terhadap perlakuan kontrol dengan konsentrasi 50% dan konsentrasi 30% tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, maka sediaan dalam bentuk edible coating spray efektif meningkatkan ketahanan pangan di masa pandemi dan mengurangi angka kerugian bagi para petani buah dan sayur.

Efektivitas Edible Coating Spray Gel Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera) dan Daun Sirih (Piper betle) Sebagai Sanitizer Pangan Afif Fadhil Azmi; Insan Kamil; Yuninta Maulidia; Namira Alifah Fahiratunnisa; Julianti Pramita; Rafika Sari
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 2 (2023): PJI Vol 8.2
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Daun sirih dan lidah buaya memiliki sifat antibakteri yang dibuktikan dengan adanya kandungan zat aktif dan senyawa organik lainnya. Aktivitas antibakteri pada kedua tanaman tersebut dipengaruhi oleh adanya metabolit sekunder seperti glukomanan dan fenol yang ada pada lidah buaya serta fenol, saponin dan flavonoid pada daun sirih. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui mekanisme serta aktivitas kombinasi gel lidah buaya dan daun sirih dalam bentuk sediaan edible coating spray sebagai sanitizer pangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimental murni (true experiment design) in vitro dengan desain rancangan acak lengkap (completely randomized design). Kemudian, untuk menguji kinerja aktivitas antibakteri digunakan metode difusi kertas cakram terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat aktivitas penghambatan dari sediaan terhadap kedua bakteri uji. Zona hambat yang paling besar dimiliki oleh sediaan dengan konsentrasi 100% dengan kategori hambat sangat kuat terhadap Escherichia coli dan kategori kuat pada Staphylococcus aureus. Uji one way ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan Post Hoc Test menunjukkan angka signifikan p<0,05 yang merepresentasikan adanya perbedaan bermakna pada kebusukan buah terhadap perlakuan kontrol dengan konsentrasi 100%, sedangkan terhadap perlakuan kontrol dengan konsentrasi 50% dan konsentrasi 30% tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, maka sediaan dalam bentuk edible coating spray efektif meningkatkan ketahanan pangan di masa pandemi dan mengurangi angka kerugian bagi para petani buah dan sayur.

Chemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction and Residue from Lansium domesticum Ethanolic Extract Pratiwi Apridamayanti; Rafika Sari
Borneo Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023): Borneo Journal of Pharmacy
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v6i1.3867

Langsat (Lansium domesticum) is a plant that thrives in the tropics. The search for photoprotective compounds derived from natural ingredients has been intensively conducted to develop cosmetic formulations to obtain safe and protective products against UV rays. This study aims to identify chemical compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction and residues of ethanol extract from L. domesticum bark using tube and gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry tests. At the same time, the antioxidant activity and SPF values were assessed with the DPPH and FRAP methods. The qualitative GC-MS test obtained the percentage peak value and molecular weight. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was tested using the compound DPPH measured with an ELISA reader at a wavelength of 515.5 nm with UV/vis spectrophotometer and FRAP method using FeCl3 and TPTZ compounds at 615 nm. The SPF value was assessed using Mansur's formula with UV/Vis spectrophotometer at 290 to 320 nm. The results obtained in the ethyl acetate fraction showed terpenoids, while the residue contains phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The GC-MS tests found that the ethyl acetate fraction had 47 types of chemical compounds, including terpenoids and fatty acids group; in the residue, four classes were found, with terpenoid and fatty acid groups being more predominant. Based on the results, the ethyl acetate fraction has an IC50 value of 341.25±26.45 µg/ml and 436.3±10.8 µg/ml; the residue was 94.72±34.22 µg/ml and 2602.79±11.8 µg/ml. Additionally, the SPF values for both were 2.87 and 3.9.

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