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All Journal Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat METHABDI Majalah Ilmiah METHODA

Ronald T. H. Tambunan

Universitas Methodist Indonesia

Author-ID : 6038126

Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health

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MENILAI KUANTITAS FESES YANG DIHASILKAN OLEH TIGA CETAKAN KHUSUS PEWARNAAN TEBAL KATO-KATZ YANG DIGUNAKAN PADA BERBAGAI PENGATURAN Ronald T. H. Tambunan
Majalah Ilmiah METHODA Vol. 10 No. 3 (2020): Majalah Ilmiah METHODA
Publisher : Universitas Methodist Indonesia

The Kato-Katz technique is recommended for the diagnosis of helminth infections in epidemiological surveys, drug efficacy studies, and monitoring of control interventions. Leuenberger etc. were conducting a research to assess the comparability of the average amount of faeces generated by three Kato-Katz templates included in test kits from two different providers. Nine hundred Kato-Katz thick smear preparations were done; 300 per kit. Empty slides, slides plus Kato-Katz template filled with stool and slides plus stool after careful removal of the template were weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg. The average amount of stool that was generated on the slide was calculated for each template, stratified by standard categories of stool consistency (i.e. mushy, soft, sausage-shaped, hard, and clumpy). The average amount of stool generated on slides was 40.7 mg (95% confidence interval CI: 40.0 – 41.4 mg), 40.3 mg (95% CI: 39.7 – 40.9 mg) and 42.8 mg (95% CI: 42.2 – 43.3 mg) for the standard Vestergaard Frandsen template, and two different templates from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), respectively. Mushy stool resulted in considerably lower average weights when the Vestergaard Frandsen (37.0 mg; 95% CI: 34.9 – 39.0 mg) or new China CDC templates (37.4 mg; 95% CI: 35.9 – 38.9 mg) were used, compared to the old China CDC template (42.2 mg; 95% CI: 40.7 – 43.7 mg) and compared to other stool consistency categories. The average amount of stool generated by three specific Kato-Katz templates was similar (40.3 – 42.8 mg). Since the multiplication factor is somewhat arbitrary and small changes only have little effect on infection intensity categories, Leuenberger etc. suggested that the standard multiplication factor of 24 should be kept for the calculation of eggs per gram of faeces for all investigated templates.

ESTIMASI BEBAN GLOBAL SKABIES BERDASARKAN GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE 2015 Ronald T. H. Tambunan
Majalah Ilmiah METHODA Vol. 10 No. 1 (2020): Majalah Ilmiah METHODA
Publisher : Universitas Methodist Indonesia

Numerous population-based studies have documented high prevalence of scabies in overcrowded settings, particularly among children and in tropical regions. Thus, a research has done by Karimkhani et al. providing an estimate of the global burden of scabies using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2015. The methods that had been used in the research including identification scabies epidemiological data sources with a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to yield prevalence estimates. Combination of prevalence estimates with a disability weight, measuring disfigurement, itch, and pain caused by scabies, to produce years lived with disability (YLDs). With an assumed zero mortality from scabies, YLDs were equivalent to disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). They estimated DALYs from 195 countries divided into 21 world regions, in both sexes and 20 age groups, between 1990 and 2015. The findings showed that scabies was responsible 0.21% of DALYs from all conditions studied by GBD worldwide. The world regions of East Asia (age-standardised DALYs 136.32), Southeast Asia (134.57), Oceania (120.34), tropical Latin America (99.94), and south Asia (69.41) had the greatest burden of DALYs from scabies. Mean percent change of DALY rate from 1990 to 2015 was less than 8% in all world regions, except North America, which had a 23.9% increase. The five individual countries with greatest scabies burden were Indonesia (age-standardised DALYs 153.86), China (138.25), Timor-Leste (136.67), Vanuatu (131.59), and Fiji (130.91). The largest standard deviations of age-standardised DALYs between the 20 age groups were observed in Southeast Asia (60.1), Oceania (58.3) and East Asia (56.5), with the greatest DALY burdens in children, adolescents, and the elderly. It was concluded that the greatest burden of scabies is greater in tropical regions, especially in children, adolescents, and elderly people. As a worldwide epidemiological assessment, GBD 2015 provides broad and frequently updated measures of scabies burden in terms of skin effects. These global data might help guide research protocols and prioritisation efforts and focus scabies treatment and control measures.

PENGARUH SUHU TUBUH TERHADAP SIKLUS ERITROSITER PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM Ronald T. H. Tambunan
Majalah Ilmiah METHODA Vol. 9 No. 1 (2019): Majalah Ilmiah METHODA
Publisher : Universitas Methodist Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46880/methoda.Vol9No1.pp7-19

Plasmodium falciparum cause febrile illness and severe disease with multiple organ failure and death when treatment is delayed. Antipyretic treatment is standard, and inducing hypothermia has been proposed to protect the brain in cerebral malaria. Here, Singhaboot, et al. investigated the temperature dependence of asexual-stage parasite development and parasite multiplication in vitro. Plasmodium falciparum strain TM267 was incubated for 2 hours (short exposure) or 48 hours (long exposure) at different temperatures (32OC, 34OC, 35OC, 38OC, 39OC, and 40OC). The starting parasite developmental stage (ring, trophozoite, or schizont) varied between experiments. The parasite multiplication rate (PMR) was reduced under hyper- and hypothermic conditions; after continuous exposure, the mean PMR ± SD was 9.1 ± 1.2 at 37OC compared with 2.4 ± 1.8 at 32OC, 2.3 ± 0.4 at 34OC, and 0.4 ± 0.1 at 40OC (P < 0.01). Changes in PMR were not significant after 2-hour exposure at temperatures ranging from 32OC to 40OC. Morphological changes in parasite cytoplasm and nucleus could be observed after long exposure to low or high temperature. After 48-hour incubation, rosette formation (≥ 2 uninfected red blood cells bound to infected red blood cells) was decreased at 34OC or 39OC compared with that at 37OC. In conclusion, both hyper- and hypothermia reduce PMR and delay erythrocytic stage development of P. falciparum, subsequently reducing rosette formation.

RESISTENSI PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM TERHADAP ARTEMISININ Ronald T. H. Tambunan
Majalah Ilmiah METHODA Vol. 8 No. 2 (2018): Majalah Ilmiah METHODA
Publisher : Universitas Methodist Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46880/methoda.Vol8No2.pp11-19

Malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia. Pada tahun 2013, WHO memperkirakan terjadi 198.000.000 kasus malaria di seluruh dunia dan diperkirakan 584.000 di antaranya meninggal dunia. Selain dari keberadaan vektor, salah satu faktor pemberat dalam upaya mengatasi endemisitas penyakit menular ini adalah kemampuan dari Plasmodium dalam bertahan dari efek obat antimalaria, yang dikenal dengan kemampuan resistensi. Oleh karena itu, Dondorp, dkk. (2008) melakukan penelitian yang bertujuan mendeteksi dan mengidentifikasi adanya fenomena resistensi terhadap terapi tunggal artemisinin dan membuktikan keefektifan model ACT sebagai model terapi malaria yang terbaik. Penelitian tersebut dilakukan di Kamboja dengan alasan negara tersebut adalah bagian dari daerah perlintasan sungai Mekong, yang menjadi wilayah endemis malaria di Asia Tenggara.Metodologi yang digunakan oleh Dondorp, dkk adalah desain RCT, mengambil total 80 subyek penelitian yang didiagnosis menderita malaria falciparum yang tinggal di 2 wilayah, 40 subyek di Pailin dan 40 subjek di Wang Pha. Masing - masing kelompok dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok kecil. Model terapi yang diberikan adalah artesunate tunggal 2mg/kg berat badan/hari selama 7 hari dan artesunate 4 mg/kg berat badan/hari selama 3 hari dilanjutkan dengan mefloquine 15 mg/kg berat badan pada hari ke-3 serta 10 mg/kg berat badan/hari pada hari ke-4 - 7. Analisis data menggunakan uji student’s t, chi-square, dan Mann-Whitney. Fenomena resistensi dilihat dari waktu bersihan parasit yang didapatkan dengan estimasi Kaplan-Meier dan Wilcoxon-Breslow-Gehan.Kelompok subyek yang mendapat terapi tunggal artemisinin mempunyai waktu bersihan parasit yang lebih lama dibandingkan dengan kelompok subyek yang mendapat ACT (nilai median 84 jam; 48 jam; P < 0,001). Model ACT juga masih terbukti efektif dibandingkan dengan model terapi tunggal artemisinin dilihat dari laju rekrudesensi di kedua kelompok yang lebih rendah (5%; 30% dan 5%; 10%; P < 0,001). Fenomena resistensi artemisinin sudah mulai muncul di Asia Tenggara. Hal ini perlu diwaspadai oleh pemerintah Indonesia mengingat wilayah geografis dan keberadaan vektor penyakit. Model ACT masih merupakan model terapi terbaik dalam mengobati malaria.

Co-Authors Agung K. Zebua Alfri Yoganta S. Kembaren Arum Geger Gumelar Atta C. N. Saruksuk Dina Riani Purba Dona Pasaribu Donitha R. Simanjuntak Eka Samuel P. Hutasoit Elvani L. S. Hulu Endy Juli Anto Evirosa J. Simanjuntak Fransiska A. Butarbutar Frengky S. Manullang Grace A. Berutu Hadyanto Lim Hendrika A. Silitonga Horas Rejeki Manik Inda M. Sinaga Ivonne Ruth Vitamaya Oishi Situmeang Jan Pieter Sihombing Jekson Martiar Siahaan Julenda Sebayang Juli Jamnasi Juli Y. Mega Larasaty Anjany Laura Octavina Siagian Lesmana Syahrir Maestro B. U. Simanjuntak Menang Bastanta Tarigan Nasib M. Situmorang Novrina Situmorang Paul Saut Marganda L Tobing Pebrina Sianipar Putri C. Eyanoer Salomo G. U. Simanjuntak Surjadi Rimbun Surjani, Lylys Suryati Sinurat Tengku M. Fauzi Widjaya Taufik Tiji Wiliam Wiliam Yohanna Agustina Sinaga

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