Lailatul Qomariyah, Lailatul
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Politeness Strategies in Internalizing moderation Value used By Teacher of Arabic Language Qomariyah, Lailatul; Setyabudi, Mohammad Arif
Asalibuna Vol 5, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : IAIN Kediri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30762/asa.v5i1.3366

Abstract

The politeness strategy is the communication strategy used by the teacher by submitting to the politeness principle in his directive act. This is the teacher's effort to manage the class and internalize the value of moderation by accommodating mediocrity values, meaning tolerance, balance value in teaching Arabic to reach interactive and communicative education useful to improve students' personality as an effect of online learning for a long time. The purpose of this research is to analize the teacher's politeness strategy by internalizing the value of moderation in Dar Al-Salam islamic boarding school. this research was designed with a qualitative approach, with the type of case study. A method for collecting data by making observations in teaching Arabic, and documenting the teacher's politeness strategy in her guiding actions, and interviewing the context of these teacher’s acts. The results of this research are, the politeness strategy used by the teacher in his speech acts in two ways: 1) the direct politeness strategy with four functions, a) the request, b) the command, c) the invitation, d) the prohibition, and 2) the indirect politeness strategy with two functions, a) the request and b)  the prohibition. The results of this research contribute to the teacher's strategy in classroom management by using several politeness strategies in speech act’s so that learning is more interactive and communicative due to mutual respect and tolerance between teacher and students. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct the following research on understanding the values of moderation through the curriculum in teaching Arabic.
Bioconversion of Industrial Cassava Solid Waste (Onggok) to Bioethanol Using a Saccharification and Fermentation process Soeprijanto, Soeprijanto; Qomariyah, Lailatul; Hamzah, Afan; Altway, Saidah
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 2 (2022): May 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.41332

Abstract

Cassava solid waste (Onggok) is a by-product of the starch industry containing a lot of fiber, especially cellulose and hemicellulose. It has the potential to be converted to bioethanol. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of feedstocks ratio for the optimal bioethanol production via enzymatic and acidic hydrolysis process in a batch fermentation process. The effect of alpha-amylase and glucoamylase activities was studied. The sulfuric acid concentrations in the hydrolysis process in converting cassava into reducing sugar were also investigated. The reducing sugar was then fermented to produce ethanol. Enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis was carried out with the ratio of onggok(g)/water(L), 50/1, 75/1, and 100/1 (w/v). In the enzymatic hydrolysis, 22.5, 45, and 67.5 KNU (Kilo Novo alpha-amylase Unit) for liquefaction; and 65, 130, and 195 GAU (Glucoamylase Unit) for saccharification, respectively of enzymes were applied. The liquefaction was carried out at 90-100⁰C for 2 hours. The saccharification was executed at 65 ⁰C for 4 hours. Meanwhile, the acidic hydrolysis operating condition was at 90-100 ⁰C for 3 hours. The fermentation was performed at pH 4.5 for 3 days. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis was conducted to evaluate the hydrolysis process. The highest ethanol was yielded in the fermentation at 8.89% with the ratio of onggok to water 100:1, 67.5 KNU of alpha-amylase, and 195 GAU of glucoamylase. Ethanol was further purified utilizing fractional distillation. The final ethanol concentration was at 93-94%.