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Path analysis on the Determinants of Pap Smear Utilization for Cervical Cancer Early Detection in Women of Reproductive Age Wardhani, Gesit Kusuma; Mudigdo, Ambar; Qadrijati, Isna
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 2, No 4 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignant cancer among women after breast, colorectal, and lung cancers. Pap smearÃÂ has been recognized as an effective strategy for reducing the incidence and mortality rate ofÃÂ cervical cancer. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of Pap smear utilization for cervical cancer early detection in women of reproductive age using path analysis model.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. The study was conducted in Cilongok and Ajibarang Sub-districts, Banyumas, Central Java, from January 3 to February 3, 2018. A total sample of 200 women reproductive age was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was Pap smear utilization. The independent variables were education level, attitude, perception on the quality health care, access to the health center, family support, peer support, and health personnel support.ÃÂ The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Pap smear utilization was positively and directly associated with education (b = 2.63; 95% CI= 1.77 to 3.48 p<0.001), perception on quality of health care (b= 1.04; 95% CI= 0.22 to 1.86; p= 0.012), attitude (b= 1.48; 95% CI= 0.51 to 2.44 p= 0.003), access to health center (b=1.02; 95% CI= 0.20 to 1.84 p= 0.015), family support (b= 1.29; 95% CI= -0.22 to 2.61; p= 0.029), and health personnel support (b= 2.02; 95% CI= 0.60 to 3.45 p= 0.005). Pap smear utilization was indirectly associated with peer support through perception on quality health care (b = 0.66; 95%= -0.01 to 1.33 p = 0.031).Conclusion: Education, perception on the quality of health care, attitude, access to the health center, family support, and health personnel support are directly associated with Pap smear utilization.Keywords: Pap smear, cervical cancer, path analysis, education, attitude, perception, family support, peer support, health personnel supportCorrespondence: Gesit Kusuma Wardhani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, 57126, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: gesitkusuma92@gmail.com.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2017), 2(4): 359-370https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2017.02.04.08ÃÂ

Indoor Smoke Exposure and Other Risk Factors of Pneumonia among Children Under Five in Karanganyar, Central Java Nikmah, Atika; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Qadrijati, Isna
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Globally, pneumonia is an infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. It causes one of five deaths in children under five years old worldwide. Approximately 61 million new cases of pneumonia occur annually. This study aimed to examine risk factors of pneumonia among children under five in Karanganyar, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with case control design. The study was conducted in Karanganyar District, Central Java, from October to November, 2017. Study subjects were selected by fixed disease sampling consisting of 68 children under five years old with pneumonia and 136 without pneumonia. The dependent variable was pneumonia. The independent variables were nutritional status, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal stress, type of labour, maternal education, maternal job status, family income, quality of house, quality of environment, and indoor smoke exposure. The data was collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: The risk of pneumonia increased with indoor smoke exposure (b= 2.63; 95% CI= 1.70 to 3.55; p<0.001). The risk of pneumonia decreased with good house environment (b= -0.93; 95% CI= -1.72 to -0.14; p= 0.020), healthy behavior (b= -1.41; 95% CI= -2.22 to -0.60; p= Ã‚Â 0.001), and good nutritional status (b= -1.83; 95% CI= -2.72 to -0.93; p < 0.001). Good house environment was positively affected by good quality of house (b= 1.53; 95% CI= 0.94 to 2.13; p<0.001). Indoor smoke exposure was negatively affected by good quality of house (b= Ã¢Ë†â€™1.79; 95% CI= -2.40 to -1.19; p < 0.001). The likelihood of exclusive breastfeding decreased with maternal stress (b= Ã¢Ë†â€™0.65; 95% CI= -1.22 to -0.08; p= 0.024) and history of cesarean section (b= Ã¢Ë†â€™0.59; 95% CI= -1.20 to 0.01; p= 0.053). Good nutritional status was positively affected by exclusive breastfeeding (b= 0.65; 95% CI= 0.04 to 1.26; p= 0.036). Number of children was negatively affected by high maternal education (b= -0.71; 95% CI= -1.29 to -0.14; p= 0.015). Family income was positively affected by maternal working outside the house (b= 0.89; 95% CI= 0.31 to 1.46; p= 0.002). Maternal working outside the house was positively affected by high maternal education (b= 0.67; 95% CI= 0.98 to 1.24; p= 0.022).Conclusion: The risk of pneumonia increases with indoor smoke exposure, but decreases with good house environment, healthy behavior, and good nutritional status.Keyword: risk factor, pneumonia, children under fiveCorrespondence:Ã‚Â Atika Nikmah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: atikanikmah123@gmail.com.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(1): 25-40https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.01.03Ã‚Â

Environmental Factors Associated with Pneumonia in Children Under-Five in Nduga District, Papua Yeimo, Yulianda; Qadrijati, Isna; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli. In 2016 UNICEF had reported that pneumonia remains the leading infectious cause of death among children under five, killing approximately 2,400 children a day. Mortality due to childhood pneumonia is strongly associated to poverty, lack of safe water and sanitation, indoor air pollution and absence of basic immunization. This study aimed to determine the environmental factors associated with pneumonia in children under-five in Nduga, Papua, Indonesia. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with case-control design. This study was conducted in Yigi and Mbua Sub-districts, Nduga District, Papua, Indonesia, from December 2017 to February 2018. A sample of 184 children under-five consisting of 88 children with pneumonia (case) and 96 children without pneumonia (control), was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The independent variables were BCG immunization status, family income, indoor household air pollution, and environmental sanitation. The dependent variable was pneumonia. Data were collected by questionnaire and medical record. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.Results: The risk of pneumonia in children under-five increased by absence of BCG immunization (OR= 6.15; 95% CI= 2.78 to 13.61; p< 0.001), poor indoor household air pollution (OR= 5.68; 95% CI= 2.63 to 12.26; p< 0.001), and poor sanitation (OR= 5.06; 95% CI= 2.16 to 11.83; p<0.001). The risk of pneumonia in children under-five decreased by higher family income (OR= 0.30; 95% CI= 0.13 to 0.70; p= 0.005).Conclusion: Pneumonia in children under five is associated with indoor household air pollution, poor sanitation, absence BCG immunization, and lower family income.Keywords: pneumonia, indoor pollution, sanitation, BCG immunization, family incomeCorrespondence:Â Yulianda Yeimo. Nduga District Health Office, Jl. Kesehatan, Kabupaten Nduga, Papua. Email: yulianda.yeimo@gmail.com. Mobile: 082198811311.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(3): 307-311https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.03.01

Predictors of Hypertension in Post-Menopausal Women in Surakarta, Central Java Pradani, Amalia Dinda Ayu; Mudigdo, Ambar; Qadrijati, Isna
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Hypertension caused 45% mortality of heart disease and 51% mortality of stroke in 2014. Young women have a lower risk of hypertension than men. The risk increases after menopause due to lower estrogen production. This study aimed to estimate the biopsychosocial factors affecting hypertension in post-menopausal women in Surakarta, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, from January to February 2018. A sample of 200 study subjects was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was hypertension. The independent variables were obesity, healthy diet, history of contraceptive use, family support, and family history of hypertension. Data of blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometer. Other variables were measured by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.Results: The risk of hypertensionin post-menopuse women increased with obesity (OR= 13.00; 95% CI=2.99 to 56.51; p=0.001), family history of hypertension (OR=9.99; 95% CI=2.54 to 39.19; p=0.001), and history of hormonal contraceptive use (OR=10.11; 95% CI=2.60 to 39.25; p=0.001). The risk of hypertension in post-menopuse women decreased with healthy diet (OR= 0.16; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.55; p= 0.004) and strong family support (OR= 0.09; 95% CI=0.19 to 0.39; p=0.001).Conclusion: The risk of hypertension post-menopause women is affected by obesity, family history of hypertension, history of hormonal contraceptive use, healthy diet, and strong family support.Â Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(3): 312-322https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.03.02

Multilevel Analysis on the Determinants of Antenatal Care Visit at Community Health Center in Madiun, East Java Purbaningrum, Sinta Ayu; Qadrijati, Isna; Adriani, Rita Benya; Prasetya, Hanung
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is an important determinant of high maternal mortality rate and one of the basic components of maternal care. However, some pregnant women still had low awareness about the importance of ANC. The purpose of this study was to examine determinants of ANC visit in community health center, Madiun, East Java, and to determine the contextual effect of the community health center on the ANC visit.Subjects and Method: This was a case-control study conducted in Madiun, East Java, from November to December 2018. A sample of 200 pregnant women was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was ANC visit. The independent variables were knowledge, occupation, number of children, attitude, income, and husband support. The data were collected by questionnaires and analyzed by a multilevel linear regression.Results: The likelihood of ANC visit increased with employment status (b= 1.97; 95% CI= 0.81 to 3.13; p= 0.001), good knowledge (b= 1.56; 95% CI= 0.41 to 2.72; p= 0.008), positive attitude (b= 1.74; 95% CI= 0.52 to 2.96; p= 0.005), higher family income (b= 1.42; 95% CI= 0.29 to 2.55; p= 0.014), and stronger husband support (b= 1.29; 95% CI= 0.16 to 2.43; p= 0.260). ANC visit decreased with larger number of children (b= -1.05; 95% CI= -2.17 to 0.07; p= 0.067). Community health center had strong contextual effect on ANC visit in pregnant women with ICC= 41.85%.Conclusion: ANC visit increases with employment status, good knowledge, positive attitude, high family income, and strong husband support. ANC visit decreases with large number of children. Community health center has strong contextual effect on ANC visit in pregnant women.Keywords: antenatal care, determinants, pregnant womenCorrespondence: Sinta Ayu Purbaningrum, Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, 57126, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: shintayuu@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282220100192. Journal of Maternal and Child Health 2019, 4(3), 180-189https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.03.05

Prenatal Factors Associated with the Risk of Stunting: A Multilevel Analysis Evidence from Nganjuk, East Java Indriani, Dewi; Dewi, Lanti Retno; Murti, Bhisma; Qadrijati, Isna
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 3, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Globally, one in four children under the age of five suffers from stunting. Stunting is associated with an underdeveloped brain, with long-lasting harmful consequences, including diminished mental ability and learning capacity, poor school performance in childhood, reduced earnings and increased risks of nutrition-related chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity in future. This study aimed to analyze prenatal factors associated with the risk of stunting in Nganjuk, East Java, using a multilevel analysis.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case control design. The study was conducted at 25 posyandus (integrated health posts) in Nganjuk, East Java, from June 03 to July 07, 2018. Posyandu was selected by stratified random sampling. A sample of 225 children under five was selected by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 75 stunted children and 150 normal children. The dependent variable was stunting. The independent variables were birth length, maternal height, and family size. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel logistic regression run on Stata 13.Results: The risk of stunting increased with maternal height <150 cm (b= 2.59; 95% CI= -0.75 to 4.42; p= 0.006), birth length <48 cm (b=4.17; 95% CI= 2.19 to 6.15; p<0.001), and large family size (b= 2.31; 95% CI= 0.34 to 4.29; p= 0.022). Posyandu had a contextual effect on stunting with ICC= 63.39%.Conclusion: The risk of stunting increases with maternal height <150 cm, birth length <48 cm, and large family size. Posyandu has a sizeable contextual effect on stunting.Keywords: stunting, birth length, maternal height, family size, posyandu, multilevelCorrespondence:Dewi Indriani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: dindriani11@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285735830730.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(4): 294-300https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.04.07

Psychosocial Factors Associated with Anxiety and Delivery Pain Nisa, Shofia Maharani Khoirun; Qadrijati, Isna; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 3, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Anxiety and pain are physiologic symptoms experienced by mothers during birth delivery. However, if these symptoms are not well-managed they can cause low birth weight, prematurity, prolonged labor, and postpartum depression. This study aimed to analyze the psychosocial factors associated with anxiety and delivery pain.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational study with cross sectional design. The study was conducted at Gajahan community health center, Surakarta Hospital, and Muhammadiyah Hospital, Delanggu, Central Java, from December 2017 to January 2018. A total sample of 166 delivery mothers were selected for this study by purposive sampling. The dependent variables were anxiety and delivery pain. The independent variables were parity, psychological stress, coping mechanism, family income, and family support. The data were collected by questionnaire. Anxiety was measured by modified Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionaire (PRAQ_R). The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: Delivery pain increased with higher anxiety (b= 0.30, SE= 0.02, p<0.001). Anxiety decreased with higher delivery pain (b = -1.19, SE= 0.02, p<0.001) and increased with higher stress (b = 0.92, SE= 0.09, p<0.001). Anxiety decreased with coping mechanism (b = -0.31, SE = 0.08, p<0.001) and parity (b= -0.86, SE= 0.37, p<0.001). Stress decreased with better coping mechanism (b= -0.48, SE= 0.08, p<0.001), higher family income (b = -0.16, SE = 0.04, p<0.001), parity (b= -2.13, SE= 0.36, p<0.001), and stronger family support (b = -0.22, SE = 0.06, p=0.007). Coping mechanism increased with parity (b = 1.39, SE = 0.33, p<0.001) and strong family support (b= 0.46, SE= 0.06, p<0.001).Conclusion: Delivery pain increases with higher anxiety. Anxiety associated with delivery pain, stress, and coping mechanism.Keywords: delivery pain, anxiety, psychosocial, family income, parity, coping mechanism, stressCorrespondence: Shofia Maharani Khoirun Nisa. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: shofiamkn@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285736382926Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(1): 44-58https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.01.05

Biopsychosocial Determinants of Long-term Contraceptive Use in Women of Reproductive Age in Surakarta, Central Java Arifiana, Ratna; Budihastuti, Uki Retno; Qadrijati, Isna
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 3, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Family planning allows people to attain their desired number of children and determine the spacing of pregnancy. Long-term contraceptive methods are more effective, safe, with fewer contraindications than others contraceptive method. This study aimed to investigate the biopsychosocial determinants of long-term contraceptive use in women of reproductive age in Surakarta, Central Java, using a theory of planned behavior.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. The study was conducted in Surakarta, from January to February 2018. A sample of 210 women of reproductive age was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was long-term contraceptive use. The independent variables were age, parity, education, employment status, knowledge, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, husband support, family income, and health counseling. The data was collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Long-term contraceptive use increased with positive attitude (b=3.49; 95% CI= 1.88 to 5.11; p<0.001), supportive subjective norm (b= 2.91; 95% CI= 1.10 to 4.73; p=0.002), strong perceived behavior control (b=3.09; 95% CI= 1.29 to 4.88; p=0.001), and strong husband support (b=2.68; 95% CI= 1.04 to 4.33; p=0.001). Long-term contraceptive use was indirectly affected by knowledge, health conselling, and education level.Conclusion: Long-term contraceptive use increases with a positive attitude, supportive subjective norm, strong perceived behavior control, and strong husband support.Keywords: long-term contraceptive, the theory of planned behavior, path analysisCorrespondence: Ratna Arifiana, Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: arifianaratna1301@gmail.com.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2018), 3(1): 37-47https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2018.03.01.03

The Effects of Lighting Intensity on the Productivity of Textile Workers in Surakarta Widjanarti, Maria Paskanita; Setyawan, Haris; Qadrijati, Isna
KEMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 15, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v15i1.15448

The textile industriesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ growth in 2018 have contributed to national economic growth (Kemenperin, 2018). Enhancing competitiveness through conductive business climate is a strategic step to increase productivity (Kemenperin, 2017).Ã‚Â Surakarta is one of the major cities in Indonesia famous for its textile products. Based on Indonesian Statistic Center, in 2016, the national textile industry productivity declined to 7.65%, directly affecting the productivity of textile industries in Surakarta, including PT IT. The weaving department of PT IT experienced the highest decline in work productivity with physical factor exposure more than Threshold Limit Value (TLV), including lighting intensity. This research aimed to analyze the correlation between the light intensity and worker productivity in 2018. This was a quantitative observational analytic research with cross sectional design in PT IT. From 50 workers in the weaving department, 32 were selected as samples through random sampling method. Light intensity was measured using Lux Meter ANA 999 in 32 measurement points. Work productivity was calculated using Productivity formula= Output (O)/ Input (I). Spearman correlation and SPSS program were used for data analysis. The result showed that there was a significant correlation between light intensity and workerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s productivity (p=0.000, r=0.629).

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