Ambar Mudigdo
Medical School of Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta

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Hubungan Konsumsi Fast Food dan Soft Drink dengan Kejadian Obesitas pada Remaja Usia 15-17 Tahun Barokah, Falah Indriawati; Mudigdo, Ambar; Prayitno, Adi
Jurnal Gizi dan Kesehatan Vol 1, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Gizi Pascasarjana Universitas Sebelas Maret

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Latar Belakang : Fast food dan soft drink keduanya banyak mengandung gula, terutama gula buatan. Gula buatan terbukti tidak baik untuk kesehatan karena dapat menyebabkan obesitas jika dikonsumsi terus menerus. Sehingga penulis tertarik untuk mengetahui hubungan konsumsi fast food dan soft drink dengan kejadian obesitas pada remaja umur 15-17 tahun.Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X dan XI SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Jakarta dengan jumlah sampel 105 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan food frequency questionnaire dan formulir food recall. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan Regresi Linear Berganda.Hasil : Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara konsumsi fast food dengan kejadian obesitas remaja (β = 0,111) dan (p = <0,001) dengan persamaan (Y = 0,1X). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara selera konsumsi soft drink dengan kejadian obesitas remaja (β = 0,05) dan (p = 0,018) dengan persamaan (Y = 0,05X). Semakin banyak remaja mengkonsumsi soft drink, dan fast food maka semakin tinggi risiko kejadian obesitas pada remaja umur 15-17 tahun. Kadar kortisol rata-rata pada siswa obesitas (A) dan non obesitas (B) berbeda tidak signifikan (A:B = 9,47:9,76).Kesimpulan : Sehingga kesimpulan yang didapat pada penelitian ini adalah bahwa fast food dan soft drink keduanya banyak mengandung karbohidrat. Selanjutnya kelebihan karbohidrat akan diubah menjadi asam lemak oleh hormon kortisol yang ditandai dengan terjadinya obesitas. Keywords : Fast Food, Soft Drink, Obesitas
Multilevel Analysis on the Social Determinants of Cervical Cancer in Yogyakarta Sari, Heni Elmiani; Mudigdo, Ambar; Demartoto, Argyo
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 1, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: There are 527.600 new cases of invasive cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is caused by infection with the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) 16 and 18 study was conducted in the city of Yogyakarta. This study aimed to analyze the social determinants on cervical cancer by multilevel analysis in Yogyakarta.Subjects and Methods: This was an observational analytic study with case control design. This was conducted on March 31 to May 4, 2016. A total of 120 samples were selected by fixed disease sampling with a ratio 1:3. The data collected was using a questionnaire and analyzed with Logistic Regression.Results: The risk of cervical cancer with a positive effect on family income (OR = 3.45 95% CI = 0.26 to 45.45 p = 0.346), age of first sexual intercourse (OR = 8.54 95% CI = 1.17 to 62.41 p = 0.034), number of sexual partners (OR = 14.60 95% CI = 2.93-72.66 p = 0.001), oral contra­ceptives (OR = 1.85 95% CI = 0:37 to 9:20 p = 0452), nutritional status (OR = 5.69 95% CI = 1.36 to 23.82 p = 0.017), hygiene genitalia (OR = 9:23 95% CI = 1.76 to 48.35 p = 0.009), and an effect reversed by education (OR = 0:14 95% CI = 0:09 to 2:08, p = 0.155). ICC value of 40.68% indicating the risk of cervical cancer in women varies and a variation of 40.68% at the level of environmental sanitation home.Conclusion: There is a positive effect of family income, age of first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, nutritional status, hygiene genitalia, and sanitary home environment, on the risk of cervical cancer. There is an inverse effect of education on the risk of cervical cancer. The society  is expected to be aware of cervical cancer.Keywords: multilevel analysis, social determinants, cervical cancer.Correspondence: Heni Elmiani Sari. School of Midwifery (AKBID) Kutai Husada, Tenggarong, Indonesia. Email: henyelmiani@gmail.comJournal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2016), 1(2): 100-107https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2016.01.02.03
Association between the Socioeconomic Factors, Healthy Home, and Healthy Behavior among Parents of Toddler with Acute Respiratory Infection in Kediri, Indonesia Anggraini, Tiyan; Mudigdo, Ambar; Soemanto, RB.
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 1, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Acute Respiratory Infection or ARI is the most deaths occurred in toddler. Many factors lead to a high incidence of this disease among socioeconomic, healthy home and healthy behavior of parents. This study was aimed to determine the association between socioeconomic and healthy homehealthy home with healthy behavior in parents of toddler with acute respiratory infections.Subject and Methods: This was a case study conducted in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. A total of 100 toddlers consisted of 20 toddlers and parents with ARI and 80 toddlers with parents without ARI. The dependent variable was parents of toddlers with acute respiratory infection. The independent variables included socioeconomic and healthy home with healthy behavior. The data were collected by pre-tested questionnaire, and analyzed using a multiple logistic regression model.Results: Theresults obtained by the education (OR = 9.1; 95%CI = 0.8 to 98.4; p = 0.001),  family income (OR = 1.3; 95% CI = 0.1 to 14.2; p = 0.000), housing components (OR = 4.0, 95%CI = 0.5 to 27.7; p = 0.005), sanitation (OR = 6.9; 95% CI = 1.1 to 41.9; p = 0.001), healthy behavior (OR = 8.9; 95% CI = 1.6 to 48.7 ; p = 0.003).Conclusion: The results of this study concluded that education, family income, housing components, sanitation and behavior of the occupants had a statistically significant relationship to healthy behaviors parents of toddlers with ARI.Keywords: education, family income, housing components, sanitation, healthy behavior, and healthy behavior parents of toddler patients with Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI).Correspondence: Tiyan Anggraini. School of Health Sciences, Kadiri University, Kediri, Indonesia. Email: tiyananggraini@yahoo.co.idJournal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2016), 1(1): 66-74https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2016.01.01.08 
Association Between Socio-Economic Factor, Home Sanitation, Sense of Belonging, and Health Behavior, in Patients with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Kediri, East Java Kusumawati, Lindha Sri; Mudigdo, Ambar; -, Soemanto
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 1, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an infectious disease characterized by high fever and red spots on the skin with unclear causal factor. The increasing number of DHF cases for the past few years indicated poor environmental health indicator.  The purpose of this study was to determine the association between socio-economic factor, home sanitation, sense of belonging, and health behavior, in patients with DHF.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with case control design. This study was conducted at Campurejo Health Center, Kediri, East Java. A total sample of 100 patients with DHF were selected for this study. The dependent variable was health behavior. The independent variables were socio-economic factor, home sanitation, and sense of belonging. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by multiple logistic regression.  Results: Education ≥ senior high school (OR= 3.15; 95% CI= 1.219 to 8.140; p=0.018), family income ≥ regional minimum wage (OR= 9.143; 95% CI= 3.13 to 26.70; p=0.001), good home sanitation (OR= 3.1; 95% CI= 1.120 to 8.579; p=0.029), and sense of belonging (OR= 12.01; 95% CI= 4.021 to 35.89; p=0.001) were associated with healthier behavior.Conclusion: Education ≥ senior high school, family income ≥ regional minimum wage, good home sanitation, and sense of belonging are associated with healthier behavior.Keywords: education, family income, home sanitation, sense of belonging, health behaviorCorrespondence: Lindha Sri Kusumawati. Faculty of Health Sciences, Kadiri University. Email: lindha.sri@gmail.com.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2016),  1(4): 238-243https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.04.03
Path analysis on the Determinants of Pap Smear Utilization for Cervical Cancer Early Detection in Women of Reproductive Age Wardhani, Gesit Kusuma; Mudigdo, Ambar; Qadrijati, Isna
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 2, No 4 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignant cancer among women after breast, colorectal, and lung cancers. Pap smear has been recognized as an effective strategy for reducing the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of Pap smear utilization for cervical cancer early detection in women of reproductive age using path analysis model.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. The study was conducted in Cilongok and Ajibarang Sub-districts, Banyumas, Central Java, from January 3 to February 3, 2018. A total sample of 200 women reproductive age was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was Pap smear utilization. The independent variables were education level, attitude, perception on the quality health care, access to the health center, family support, peer support, and health personnel support.  The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Pap smear utilization was positively and directly associated with education (b = 2.63; 95% CI= 1.77 to 3.48 p<0.001), perception on quality of health care (b= 1.04; 95% CI= 0.22 to 1.86; p= 0.012), attitude (b= 1.48; 95% CI= 0.51 to 2.44 p= 0.003), access to health center (b=1.02; 95% CI= 0.20 to 1.84 p= 0.015), family support (b= 1.29; 95% CI= -0.22 to 2.61; p= 0.029), and health personnel support (b= 2.02; 95% CI= 0.60 to 3.45 p= 0.005). Pap smear utilization was indirectly associated with peer support through perception on quality health care (b = 0.66; 95%= -0.01 to 1.33 p = 0.031).Conclusion: Education, perception on the quality of health care, attitude, access to the health center, family support, and health personnel support are directly associated with Pap smear utilization.Keywords: Pap smear, cervical cancer, path analysis, education, attitude, perception, family support, peer support, health personnel supportCorrespondence: Gesit Kusuma Wardhani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, 57126, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: gesitkusuma92@gmail.com.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2017), 2(4): 359-370https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2017.02.04.08 
Effect of Contraceptive Use, Parity, and Social Economic Factors on Age at Menopause at Bendo Community Health Center, Kediri, East Java Maringga, Estin Gita; Adriani, Rita Benya; Mudigdo, Ambar
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Menopause is the natural cessation of menstruation that usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55. Menopause women may experience some undesirable effects, such as sleep disturbance, prone to pain, increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted disease (STD), and thinner hair. It is hypothesized that age at menopause is affected by genetic factor, as well as psychosocial factors. This study aimed to the effect of contraceptive use, parity, and social economic factors on age at menopause.Subjects and Method: This study was an analytic observatioanal study using case control design. The study was conducted in Bendo Village, Bendo Village, Sumberbendo Village, Pelem Village, Darungan Village, and Sambirejo Village in Community Health Center Bendo, Kediri, East Java, from 8-31 March 2017. A sample of 120 menopausal women was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was age at menopause. The independent variables were hormonal contraceptive use, duration of contraceptive use, parity, education level, and family income. The data were collected by questionnaire, and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Menopausal age was affected by duration of hormonal contraceptive use (b= 0.29; SE= 0.12; p= 0.014), parity (b= 1.98; SE= 0.49; p= 0.001), and family income (b= 2.29; SE= 0.88; p= 0.009). Duration of hormonal contraceptive use was affected by hormonal contraceptive use (b= 5.23; SE= 0.57; p= 0.001) and parity (b= 1.22; SE= 0.27; p= 0.001). Family income was affected by parity (b= 0.14; SE= 0.05; p= 0.002) and education level (b= 0.10; SE= 0.11; p= 0.361).Conclusion: Menopausal age is directly affected by duration of hormonal contraceptive use, parity, and family income. Menopausal age is indirectly affected by hormonal contraceptive use, parity, and education level.Keywords: menopausal age, hormonal contraceptive, parity, social economic factors, path analysisCorrespondence: Estin Gita Maringga. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: estin.gita@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281357673430.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(2): 113-124https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.02.03
Effect of Menopause Duration and Biopsychosocial Factors on Quality of life of Women in Kediri District, East Java Sari, Nunik Ike Yunia; Adriani, Rita Benya; Mudigdo, Ambar
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Menopause is defined as the point in time when menstrual cycles permanently cease due to the natural depletion of ovarian oocytes from aging. Studies have shown,  menopause causes decrease in quality of life and a positive correlation between menopausal symptoms and  quality of live. This study aimed to determine the effect of menopause duration and biopsychosocial factors on quality of life of  women.Subjects and Method: This study was an analytic study using cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in Bendo Community Health Center, Kediri District, East Java, from 8–31 March 2017. A sample was of 105 menopausal women was selected for this study by proportionate random sampling. The dependent variable was quality of life. Quality  of  life  encompassed several constructs including physical, functional, emotional, social, and cognitive variables. The independent variables were duration of menopause, Body Mass Index (BMI), education, family support, and family income. The data were collected by pre-tested questionnaire, and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Quality of life was affected by menopause duration (b=2.19; SE=0.38; p<0.001), education (b=6.72; SE=1.72; p<0.001), family support (b=0.42; SE=0.17; p=0.011), BMI (b=0.71; SE=0.27; p=0.010), and family income (b= 0.13; SE= 1.60; p= 0.936). BMI was affected by education (b= 1.87; SE= 0.50; p<0.001).Conclusion: Quality of life is directly affected by menopause duration, education, family support, BMI, and family income. Quality of life is indirectly affected by education.Keywords: menopause duration, biopsychosocial factors, quality of life, path analysisCorrespondence: Nunik Ike Yunia Sari. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: nunikike@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6282257969278.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(2): 125-136https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.02.04
Age, Parity, Physical Activity, Birth Weight, and the Risk of Perineum Rupture at PKU Hospital in Delanggu, Klaten, Central Java Hastuti, Tri Ari; Mudigdo, Ambar; Budihastuti, Uki Retno
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 1, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Physiologic vaginal delivery of offspring may cause spontaneous unintended perineum tear (rupture) with varying degrees. Perineum rupture is the second leading cause of post-partum bleeding after uterine atony. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between age, parity, physical activity, birth weight, and the risk of perineum rupture.Subject and Methods: This was an analytic observational study with cross sectional design. This study was carried out at PKU Hospital, Delanggu, Klaten, Central Java. A total of 78 mothers giving birth at the maternity ward were selected for this study stratified random sampling. The independent variables were age, parity, physical activity, and birth weight. The dependent variable was perineum rupture. The data were collected by interview and observation, and then analyzed using path analysis model.Results: Maternal age ≥ 35 years old (b = 3.36; 95%CI = 0.91 to 5.80; p = 0.007) increased the risk of perineum rupture, and it was statistically significant. Sufficient physical activity (b =-3.16; 95% CI =-5.05-1.27 ; p = 0.001) and multiparity (b =-4.05; 95% CI =-6.62 to -1.50; p = 0.002) decreased the risk of perineum rupture, and it was statistically significant. Birth weight did not show significant effect on the risk of perineum rupture (b = 1.13; 95%CI = 0.97 to 3.24; p = 0.291). Maternal employment status did not show its effect on physical activity level.Conclusion: Maternal age ≥ 35 years old increased the risk of perineum rupture. Sufficient physical activity and multiparity decreased the risk of perineum rupture. Special care should be taken on these two risk factors when assisting birth delivery in order to prevent perineum rupture.Key words: age, parity, physical activity, birth weight, perineum rupture.Correspondence: Tri Ari Hastuti. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: Triari1987@gmail.comJournal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(2): 93-100https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.02.04                          
Analysis of Maternal Mortality Determinants in Bondowoso District, East Java Fransiska, Ratna Diana; Respati, Supriyadi Hari; Mudigdo, Ambar
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Data from Population Inter-Census Survey (Survei Penduduk Antar Sensus,  SUPAS) 2015 showed that maternal mortality ratio was 305 per 100,000 live-births in Indonesia. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set 70 per 100,000 live-births as the target for maternal mortality ratio to be achived by 2030. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of maternal mortality in Bondowoso district, East Java.Subjects and Method:This was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. This study was carried out at 17 Community Health Centers, in Bondowoso, East Java from February to March 2017. A sample of 117 study subjects, consisting of 39 cases of maternal death and  78 control, was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was incidence of maternal death. The independent variables were maternal education, maternal employment status, antenatal care  visit, complication, late model, and other pregnancy risk factors. The data were collected from the obstetric and medical record, as well as a set of questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysisResults: Determinants of maternal death included late decision making (b=2.37; 95% CI=0.81 to3.93; p=0.003), late transfer to the hospital (b=2.35; 95%CI =-0.21to4.91; to p=0.072), late handling at the hospital (b=2.36; 95%CI=-0.19to 4.91; p=0.069), and  complication (b=2.5; 95%CI=1.41to3.62; p<0.001). Complication was determined by completeness of antenatal visits (b=-1.01; 95%CI=-1.94to-0.09; p=0.032), and existence of pregnancy risk factor (b=1.90; 95%CI=1.01to 2.78; p=<0.001). Pregnancy risk factors was determined by completeness of antenatal visit (b=-1.09; 95%CI =-1.99to-0.19; p=0.018), maternal education (b=-0.47; 95%CI=-0.85to-0.07; p=0.020), and maternal employment status (b=0.14; 95%CI=-0.17to0.45; p=0.369). Antenatal visit was determined by maternal education (b=0.54; 95%CI=0.098to0.99; p=0.017) and maternal employment status (b=0.08; 95%CI=-0.29to0.45; p=0.683).Conclusion: The direct determinants of maternal death include late decision making, late transfer to the hospital, late handling at the hospital, and complication. The indirect determinants of maternal death include completeness of antenatal visits, existence of pregnancy risk factor, maternal education, and maternal employment status.Keywords: determinant, delay, complication, antenatal care, maternal death Correspondence: Ratna Diana Fransiska. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University. Email: ratnadiana00@gmail.com. Mobile: 085778822668Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(1): 76-88https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.01.08
Effect of Breast Care and Oxytocin Massage on Breast Milk Production: A study in Sukoharjo Provincial Hospital Rahayuningsih, Tutik; Mudigdo, Ambar; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 1, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: The prevalence of exclusive breast feeding was 39.05% in Sukoharjo in 2015, which is far bellow the national target of 80%. A study has shown that massage oxytocin increases oxytocin (OT) hormone release, and eventually decreases adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), nitric oxide (NO), and beta-endorphin (BE). This OT hormone release will increase milk ejection, which facilitate milk production. This study aimed to investigate the effect of breast care and oxytocin massages on breast milk production in post–partum mothers.Subjects and method: This was a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), conducted at Sukoharjo Hospital, Central Java 19 October to November 18, 2016. A total of 90 post – partum mothers were selected at random and then allocated into breast care group and oxytocin massage group. The dependent variable was breast milk production. The independent variable was breast care and oxytocin massage. Changes in breast milk production before and after intervention between the two groups were tested by Mann-Whitney test.Results: The increase in breast milk production in breast care and oxytocin massage group (mean = 17.37, SD = 9.70) was larger than that of the control group (mean = 1.58, SD = 1.69), and it was statistically significant (p <0.001).Conclusion: Breast care and oxytocin massage can significantly increase breast milk production. Post-partum mothers are recommended to practice breast care and oxytocin massage, in order to increase breast milk production.Keywords: breast care, oxytocin massage, breast milk production.Correspondende: Tutik Rahayuningsih. School of Health Polytechnics, Poltekkes Bhakti Mulia, Surakarta. Email: tutikrahayu_abm@yahoo.co.idJournal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(2): 101-109https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.02.05