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All Journal Jurnal Biologi Udayana JURNAL PETERNAKAN Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Jurnal Widya Biologi
I Gede Ketut Adiputra
Universitas Hindu Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Titer Hemaglutinasi dan Kematian Embrio pada Telur Spesific Antibody Negative (SAN) dengan Usia yang Berbeda Saat Inokulasi Virus Avian Influenza Fauzi Rahmat Kurniawan; I Nyoman Arsana; I Gede Ketut Adiputra
Jurnal Peternakan Vol 19, No 1 (2022): Februari 2022
Publisher : State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/jupet.v19i1.15101

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Penyakit Avian Influenza (AI) tidak hanya menginfeksi berbagai spesies unggas tetapi juga dapat menular ke manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji titer hemaglutinasi dan kematian embrio pada telur Spesific Antibody Negative (SAN) dengan usia yang berbeda saat inokulasi virus Avian Influenza (AI). Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan yaitu telur SAN usia 7 hari, 9 hari, 11 hari dan 13 hari. Perlakuan diulang sebanyak 6 kali sehingga total sampel telur SAN yang digunakan adalah sebanyak 24 telur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usia telur SAN berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap titer hemaglutinasi dan waktu kematian embrio ayam. Rerata titer hemaglutinasi telur SAN usia 9; 11, dan 13 hari berturut-turut adalah 597,33 ± 85,33 HAU/25µl; 1.322,67 ± 339,73 HAU/25μl, dan 256 ± 85,86 HAU/25µl. Pada telur SAN usia 7 hari tidak ada titer hemaglutinasi pascainokulasi virus. Waktu kematian embrio pada telur SAN usia 7 terjadi satu hari pascainokulasi virus AI, sedangkan usia 9; 11, dan 13 hari terjadi dua hari pascainokulasi virus AI. Kesimpulan, titer hemaglutinasi dan kematian embrio telur SAN berbeda tergantung pada usia telur SAN, dan usia telur SAN yang paling baik digunakan untuk inokulasi virus AI adalah usia 11 hari. Kata kunci: Avian influenza, kematian embrio, titer hemaglutinasi, telur SAN. Hemagglutination Titers and Embryonic Death in Specific Antibody Negative (SAN) Eggs with Different Ages at The Time of Avian Influenza (AI) Virus Inoculation ABSTRACT. Avian influenza (AI) not only infects various species of aves but also can be transmitted to humans. This study was aim to examine hemagglutination titers and embryonic death in Specific Antibody Negative (SAN) eggs with different ages at the time of Avian Influenza (AI) virus inoculation. The study used a completely randomized design with four treatment groups, namely SAN eggs 7 days old, 9 days, 11 days, and 13 days. The treatment was repeated 6 times so the total sample of SAN eggs used was 24 eggs. The results showed that the age of SAN eggs had a significant effect on the hemagglutination titer and the time of death of chicken embryos. Average hemagglutination titer SAN eggs age 9; 11, and 13 days respectively were 597.33 ± 85.33 HAU/25µl; 1,322.67 ± 339.73 HAU/25μl, and 256 ± 85.86 HAU/25µl. There was no hemagglutination titer in SAN eggs aged 7 days post-inoculation AI virus. The time of embryonic death in SAN eggs aged 7 occurred one-day post-inoculation AI virus, while age 9; 11, and 13 days occurred two days post-inoculation AI virus. In conclusion, hemagglutination titers and embryonic mortality differed depending on the age of the SAN eggs, and the best age to be used for AI virus inoculation was 11 days.
SUGAR BIOSYNTHESIS IN VANILLA PLANTS AND PHALAENOPSIS SEEDLINGS AFTER APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS I Gede Ketut Adiputra
Jurnal Biologi Udayana Vol 21 No 2 (2017): JURNAL BIOLOGI UDAYANA
Publisher : Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (491.428 KB) | DOI: 10.24843/JBIOUNUD.2017.vol21.i02.p01

Abstract

In tropical country, vanilla encounters two main environmental conditions, wet and dry seasons. In the wet seasons when the amount of water available favours high growth rate, plants acquire more nutrients. However during dry seasons when water uptake via the root is limited and water loss from the shoot is increasing, vanilla will experience severe desiccations. In other cases, under condition of culture in bottle, phalaenopsis seedlings develop a very thin cuticle layers. These seedlings will experience a high rate of water loss when it is then transferred into ex vitro environmental conditions. Since mineral nutrient could decrease water potential in plants and enhanced by water loss, application of proper fertilizer into these vanilla plants and phalaenopsis seedling should not enhance the decreasing of water potential which could impair physiological mechanism. So, in order to ascertain nutrient requirement for these plants, two separate experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, vanilla plants grown in plantation were added 9.25, 1.1 and 4.6 g/plant Urea, TSP and KCL respectively. This experiment was repeated using different plants with application of fertilizer in higher doses; 18.5, 2.2 and 9.2 g/plant for Urea, TSPand KCl, respectively. In order to examine the capacity of these plants to synthesize sugar, samples were then harvested in the period after fertilizer application, i.e. at day 0, 11 and 24. In the second experiments, phalaenopsis seedlings were sprayed every 1-2 days with liquinox and rosasol-N fertilizer using factorial experimental design.. In order to examine the effect of the fertilizer on sugar biosynthesis, leaves of these plants were harvested at day 132. These experiments showed that addition of fertilizer into vanilla plants increased sugar content but addition of fertilizer into phalaenopsis seedling decreased sugar content. It is concluded that fertilizer applied into plants undergoing desiccation impair sugar biosynthesis.
Mini review: Intensification of mulching to improve soil moisture in vanilla plantation I Gede Ketut Adiputra
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 3, No 2 (2018): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1710.062 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.33636

Abstract

Continuous water uptake from soil via the root system and it transport into the leaves system is a basic mechanism in plants to maintain growth and reproduction.  Consequently, sustaining soil moisture to keep water supply into the plants should continuously occurred to maintain growth.  Under condition of global warming scenario and robust agricultural practices, soil organic carbon which plays as a key for soil moisture and fertility are continuously diminished.  This condition could subsequently endanger the growth of shallow rooted plants, such as vanilla.  To mitigate the impact of global warming and robust agricultural practices, enhancing carbon sequestration to inhibit water loss is regarded crucial.  However, although mulch materials are locally available in most land crop plantations, those materials are rarely viewed as functional for maintaining soil moisture.  Both water stress and mulching might have not been seriously anticipated in conventional agricultural practices.  For example, continuous decreased in yield of vanilla plants are usually handled by applying pesticide or fertilizer, without addition of mulch.  The objective of this review was to gain a better understanding of soil moisture to increase vanilla growth and reproduction.  This review found that mulching could reduce evaporation, increase soil organic carbon and soil fertility.  It is concluded that intensification of mulching could enhance sustainability of vanilla plantations.  
The Effect of Accumulation of Leaf Litters and Allelochemicals in the Soil to the Sustainability of the Newly Introduced Crop Plants I Gede Ketut Adiputra
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.65227

Abstract

Indonesia is the second-largest vanilla production and the third-largest cocoa production in the world, but it sustained for a short period. The unsustainability of these crops is speculated to occur because of the change in leaf litter accumulation which affected the sustainability of soil organic carbon that plays an important role in maintaining soil health and fertility. To find out methods that could improve the sustainability of the production, a literature review was conducted. The articles, related to the sustainability of vanilla and cacao production, were collected using Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library, ResearchGate, and Google Chrome browser. Keywords were employed to find the articles includingsoil organic carbon, cocoa plantation, vanilla, leaf litter, and allelochemical. This current article review foundthat introducing crop by clearing of previously existing vegetation could severely reduce the rate of leaf litter accumulation.  Consequently, in a prolonged period, the soil organic carbon and soil fertility are very low and are unable to support the healthy growth and production of the crops.  To restore production, the plantation then is returned to more traditional agroforestry such as replanting shading trees and addition of mulch. However, in the higher density of canopy, the crop production is low attributed partly to the decreasing soil pH which increases the impact of allelochemical. This review concluded that the sustainability of leaf litter accumulation is crucial to maintain soil health, but mitigation is required to reduce the impact of allelochemical accumulation. 
DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK BUAH JERUK NIPIS TERHADAP BAKTERI Streptococcus mutans PENYEBAB KARIES GIGI Ni Nyoman Setiani; I Gede Ketut Adiputra; Israil Sitepu
JURNAL WIDYA BIOLOGI Vol 11 No 2 (2020): Widya Biologi
Publisher : UNHI Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Karies adalah salah satu penyakit gigi dan mulut yang disebabkan olehStreptococcus mutans. Cara preventif yang paling dikenal selain menyikat gigi ialahberkumur, namun beberapa dari kandungan obat kumur juga dapat menimbulkan efeksamping. Bahan herbal seperti pada Jeruk nipis (Citrus Aurantifollia.S) pada penelitianini merupakan solusi alternatif karena mengandung zat antibakteri. Jeruk nipis yangdigunakan adalah jeruk nipis yang segar. Jeruk nipis dibuat ekstrak dengan 5 konsentrasiyaitu 20%,40%,60%, 80% dan 100% serta Aquabides sebagai kontrol negatif danChlorhexidine Gluconate 0,2% sebagai kontrol positif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalahuntuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak jeruk nipis (Citrus Aurantifollia.S) mampu menghambatpertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans dan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi optimaldalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri tersebut. Metode uji bakteri yang digunakanadalah metode Kirby Bauer yang merupakan uji sensitivitas menggunakan teknik discdiffusion dalam media Muller Hinton Agar. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistikmenggunakan uji one way anova untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya perbedaan yangbermakna kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Post Hoc. Hasil penelitian menunjukkankonsentrasi optimal ekstrak jeruk nipis untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans adalah 60%. Simpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa ekstrak Jeruk nipis(Citrus Aurantifollia Swingle) memiliki daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteriStreptococcus mutans secara in vitro. Konsentrasi optimal dari ekstrak jeruk nipis padapenelitian ini adalah 60%, sudah memiliki daya hambat sama dengan chlorexidinegluconate 0,2%.
Co-Authors Fauzi Rahmat Kurniawan I Nyoman Arsana Israil Sitepu Ni Nyoman Setiani