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Pelaksanaan Denda atas Nasabah Mampu Penunda Pembayaran Utang di Lembaga Keuangan Syariah Alimin Alimin; Rizal Fahlefi
TSAQAFAH Vol. 16 No. 1 (2020): Islamic Economics
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v16i1.4006

Abstract

AbstractIslamic Financial Institutions (IFI) have business and social functions. One source of income for social funds other than infaq, shadaqah, and zakah is a fine fund for late payment of debt to able customers. This phenomenon is different from conventional financial institutions that make fines as one of their income. The fine at the IFI serves to discipline customers to pay debts, but the collection of these fines should not be done haphazardly because it can lead to ribawi practices and abuse of the situation. Decisions of various fatwa institutions have been made available regarding the rules for implementing this fine (DSN-MUI No. 17 of 2000 and the Sharia Standards of the AAOIFI Sharia Board of Bahrain No.8 and Majma 'al-Fiqh al-Islami Islamic Conference Organization No. 109 of 2000). Based on the results of this study it was found that the implementation of this fine was very varied. The study also found that the potential for these fines was quite large and would contribute positively to IFI's social functions while enhancing the positive image of the community. Variations in the application of these fines can be seen in terms of a) whether or not the fines are carried out with the aim of the promotion strategy, b) the amount of fines applied based on the effectiveness of the deterrence function, c) customer knowledge and understanding is still very low on these sanctions rules, and even IFI practitioners are still not optimally understood.Keywords: Sanction Fines, Usury, BMT, Capable Customers, Bad Debth, Islamic Financial Institutions.                                                     AbstrakLembaga Keuangan Syariah (LKS) mempunyai fungsi bisnis dan sosial. Salah satu sumber pemasukan dari dana sosial selain infak, sedekah dan zakat adalah denda keterlambatan pembayaran utang atas nasabah yang mampu. Hal ini berbeda dengan lembaga keuangan konvensional yang menjadikan denda sebagai salah satu pendapatan lembaga keuangan. Denda pada LKS tersebut berfungsi untuk mendisiplinkan nasabah terutang, namun dalam penerapan denda keterlambatan pembayaran tidak boleh dilakukan sembarangan karena dapat menjurus kepada praktik ribawi dan penyalahgunaan keadaan. Keputusan berbagai lembaga fatwa pun sudah ada tentang pelaksanaan denda ini (DSN-MUI No. 17 Th. 2000 dan Standar Syariah Dewan Syariah AAOIFI Bahrain No. 8 serta Majma' al-Fiqh al-Islami Organisasi Konferensi Islam No. 109 Th. 2000). Namun, berdasarkan hasil penelitian ternyata di lapangan terdapat berbagai variasi pelaksanaannya. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa potensi denda tersebut cukup besar dan akan memberikan kontribusi positif bagi fungsi sosial LKS sekaligus meningkatkan kesan positif dari masyarakat. Variasi penerapan terlihat dari sisi a) dilaksanakan atau tidaknya denda tersebut dengan alasan strategi promosi, b)  jumlah denda yang diterapkan berdasarkan efektifnya tujuan penjeraan, c) pengetahuan dan pemahaman nasabah masih sangat rendah terhadap aturan sanksi ini, dan bahkan praktisi terhadap aturan sanksi ini masih belum maksimal.Kata Kunci: Denda Sanksi, Riba, BMT, Nasabah Mampu, Keterlambatan Pembayaran, Lembaga Keuangan Syariah.
Utilization of Agricultural Land During the Planting Break in Jorong Mandahiling Nagari Pagaruyung, West Sumatra: Sharia and Legal-Formal Economic Perspectives Rizal Fahlefi; Alimin Alimin; Indah Fitrah Nauri
Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum Vol 55 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law - Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajish.v55i1.928

Abstract

Abstract: The study aims to explain the pattern and legal perspective of the practice of agricultural land use cooperation during the planting break in Jorong Mandahiling, Tanah Datar Regency, West Sumatra Province. This research uses a case study method which is analyzed qualitatively. The research subjects consisted of 21 land owners and 21 land cultivators. The results showed that there are three patterns of land use cooperation during the planting break in Jorong Mandahiling. Based on three patterns of cooperation, there are three types of contracts that apply from the point of view of sharia economic law, namely: first, leasing on land (kirā’ al-ardh); second, profit sharing system (mudhārabah); and third, combination of profit sharing system and joint venture (mudhārabah musytarakah) with a profit sharing system which does not fulfill the principle of fairness in transactions. Viewed from the perspective of sharia economic law and existing legal-formal, the practice of profit sharing in land use cooperation during the planting break is not fully in accordance with existing provisions, especially in the principle of fairness in transactions, because, two of the three contracts that are practiced are more profitable for land owners and unfair for culvtivators.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pola dan tinjauan hukum terhadap praktik kerja sama pemanfaatan lahan pertanian selama masa jeda tanam di Jorong Mandahiling, Kabupaten Tanah Datar, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi kasus yang dianalisis secara kualitatif. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 21 orang pemilik lahan dan 21 orang penggarap lahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga pola kerja sama pemanfaatan lahan pada masa jeda tanam di Jorong Mandahiling. Dari tiga pola kerja sama tersebut, terdapat tiga jenis akad yang berlaku dari sudut pandang hukum ekonomi syariah, yaitu: pertama, sewa atas tanah (kirā’ al-ardh); kedua, sistem bagi hasil (mudhārabah); dan ketiga, perpaduan sistem bagi hasil dan kongsi (mudhārabah musytarakah) dengan sistem bagi hasil yang tidak memenuhi prinsip keadilan bertransaksi. Ditinjau dari perspektif hukum ekonomi syariah dan legal-formal yang ada, praktik bagi hasil dalam kerja sama pemanfaatan lahan pada masa jeda tanam tersebut belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan ketentuan yang ada, khususnya dalam prinsip keadilan bertransaksi, karena dua dari tiga akad yang dipraktikkan lebih menguntungkan bagi pemilik lahan dan tidak adil bagi penggarap lahan.