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Paediatrica Indonesiana
Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia
ISSN : 00309311     EISSN : 2338476X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 9 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 41 No 7-8 (2001): July 2001" : 9 Documents clear
Characteristic of immune response of hepatitis B immunization on infants with two different schedules Edy Muhammad; Rita Carmelia; Yuliati Yuliati; Iskandar Z. Lubis; S. M. Manoeroeng
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 41 No 7-8 (2001): July 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi41.4.2001.197-201

Abstract

Hepatitis B immunization gives protection to hepatitis B disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the immune response of hepatitis B immunization on infants with 0,2,9 and 3,4,9 months of age schedule. The study was performed cross sectionally at the Child Health clinic of Social Pediatric sub division H. Adam Malik Hospital from November 1st 1998 until February 28th 1999. The anti HBs responses were examined in blood by ELISA method one month after the third immunization at the Clinical Pathology Division FK-USU/H. Adam Malik Hospital. Protective immune response defined if the anti HBs level ³ 10 mIU/ml. Nutritional status of infants were grouped according to the NCHS classification. The result obtained were statistically tested by Fisher exact test and t-test, on the level of significance p < 0.05. Twenty six (86.7%) of the infants had protective immune response and there were no significant difference on the level of immune response among these two groups. Gender and nutritional status seems to have no influence on the anti HBs level. In Conclusion, hepatitis B immunization either with 0,2,9 or 3,4,9 months of age schedule obtained the same immune response.
The effect of neonatal asphyxia on renal function Elly Nova Lubis; Srie Yanda; Khainir Akbar; Guslihan Dasa Tjipta; Dachrul Aldy
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 41 No 7-8 (2001): July 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi41.4.2001.175-9

Abstract

Neonatal asphyxia can cause renal perfusion and dilution disorders and also glomerular filtration abnormality. The purpose of this study was to find renal dysfunction, which caused by neonatal asphyxia. The study was performed by cross sectional for newborn babies with asphyxia based on Apgar score in the first minute. Newborn babies without asphyxia were as control. In both group, the first micturition times were recorded, total urine output in 24 hours were counted, the mean of blood urea and creatinine serum level value examined and also glomerular filtration rate. Statistical analysis has been performed by using Fisher Exact test, Student t test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. All of babies in the asphyxiated and non asphyxiated group had the first micturition in 24 hours after delivery. Significant difference of oliguria incidence was found in the asphyxiated group compared to the control group (p<0,05). The mean of blood urea and creatinine serum level was significantly higher in asphyxiated (p<0,05). The mean of glomerular filtration rate in the asphyxiated group was not significantly different to the control group (p>0,05). According to the degree of asphyxia we found significantly different of renal dysfunction (p<0,05). It was concluded that the asphyxia could cause the occurrence of renal dysfunction. 
Incidence of epilepsy among patients with cerebral palsy Pertin Sianturi; Amir Sarifuddin; Bistok Saing
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 41 No 7-8 (2001): July 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi41.4.2001.202-7

Abstract

Epilepsy is a chronic condition due to cerebral function disorders. Epilepsy occurs as a common complication of many neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy (CP) that can affect further brain damage especially if they are with prolonged seizure. The incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP varies between 25-35%. The high incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP suggests that this disorder has common or related origins. We carried out the retrospective study to determine incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP registered within July 1988 to June 1998 in YPAC Medan and to determine whether the incidence of epilepsy differed according to type of CP. Data were compiled from medical records, including name, sex, parity, mothers age, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal history, and EEG results. Data were analyzed using statistical computer program and its significance was evaluated by chi square test at p < 0,05. There were 67 cases with CP, 53 cases spastic CP, 13 cases mixed CP and one case dyskinetic CP. Of the 67 cases CP, 47,8% male, 52,2% female and mean age 50,3 (SD 36,9) months. There were 25 (37,3%) patients CP associated with epilepsy, 72% general seizures, 20% partial seizures, and 8% infantile spasms. The incidence of epilepsy was significant different among patients with CP associated with type of CP and gestasional age, p < 0,05. We concluded that incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP in YPAC Medan was 37,3% and significantly different among patients with CP according to type CP and gestasional age.
Perceptions of mothers about food allergy - A preliminary report Endy P. Prawirohartono
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 41 No 7-8 (2001): July 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (105.955 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi41.4.2001.180-4

Abstract

The impact of food allergy on child growth and development should be properly evaluated, although the prevalence of food allergy is low. Most mothers in Indonesia still  practice food elimination if their children are suspected to suffer from food allergy. Types of food that are usually avoided are high-class protein sources such as egg, milk, beef and fish. These types of foods are important for maintaining growth and development during childhood. The aim of this study is to know the perceptions of mothers about food allergy, including its pathophysiology, clinical symptoms and signs, management, and types of foods as allergens. Among mostly 114 of medium to highly educated mothers, there were still wrong perceptions about food allergy. From 114 mothers, 48.2% of them believed that food allergy can not be inherited, egg causes furuncle (54.3%), breast milk causes atopic eczema (46.5%), and food allergy does not relate to respiratory symptoms. There was a relationship between these perceptions and mothers’ educational level. Skin manifestations were most popular among mothers, whereas only 37.7% of mothers believed that food allergy can causes respiratory symptoms. Egg, shrimp, fish, and shellfish were types of animal foods which were popular, whereas peanut, soy, banana, rice and vegetables were recognized as the major causes of food allergy among non animal products.
Diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis using The Indonesian National Concencus for Pediatric Tuberculosis Heda Melinda D. Nataprawira; Cissy B. Kartasasmita; Oma Rosmayudi; Hudiyati Agustini
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 41 No 7-8 (2001): July 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (137.078 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi41.4.2001.185-90

Abstract

Diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) in children correctly is critical to appropriate treatment. However, diagnosing TB in children may be difficult and can be imprecise. As our national TB control program has not adequately covered TB in children and adult TB cases still in high rank, our national consensus for pediatric population may facilitate TB diagnosed especially in the field. This cross sectional study as part of longitudinal cohort study of epidemiology of Respiratory Syncitial Virus (RSV) in Indonesia (still ongoing) was conducted to know whether criteria used in the algorithm in the consensus compatible to suspected TB diagnosis. The study covered 1000 children under five randomly selected in two districts (Cikutra and Ujung Berung Indah) located in West Java. By using algorithm of The Indonesian National Consensus For Pediatric Tuberculosis (INCPT) with history of known or suspected adult source of TB or early reaction of BCG vaccination and certain general clinical symptoms associated TB as entry criteria for a higher index of suspicion, we diagnosed suspected TB in 57 children. We found that, history of known or suspected adult source of TB and certain general clinical symptoms are two main criteria for suspected TB diagnosis. It appeared that Mantoux test gave a smallest contribution to the diagnosis of suspected TB in the field. No other criterium except known or suspected adult source of TB fulfilled for other five children and prophylactic treatment for TB were given. Those children with suspected TB were given oral anti-tuberculosis (OAT) by Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) done by local trained persons. 
Iron status in breast-fed infants I Gusti Ayu Asih Ratnadi; Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 41 No 7-8 (2001): July 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (123.381 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi41.4.2001.191-6

Abstract

Ninety infants were selected stratified proportionally random sampling and they met the inclusion criteria. Iron status was determined by the serum ferritin level concentration. The nutritional status was determined by the body weight to age based on the standard criteria of WHO NCHS. The quality of food was defined by asking the parents to keep a diary of consumed in the last 7 days minimally for three days. Out of the 90 infants, 50.4 % of them were males and 45.6 % of them were females. Most of them (93.7%) had normal nourished and 8.3 % had undernourished. The prevalence status of low iron was 18.9%. The low iron status began to occur at the age of 4 – 6 months old (6%) and the highest at the age of 9 – 12 months old (65%). Statistically significant differences were found between the iron status and the quality of food supplements over age group. The low quality of food is a risk factor influence the status of low iron. It is suggested that the iron supplements be given to breast-fed infant at the age of 4 – 6 months old.
Immunological aspects of persistent hepatitis B in children Harsoyo Notoatmojo
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 41 No 7-8 (2001): July 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (124.416 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi41.4.2001.208-13

Abstract

We studied the immunological status of 203 children having persistence Hepatitis B (positive HBsAg) ranging in age from 6 to 14 years in Semarang Municipality. The results of humoral immunity examination (IgM Anti-HBc) showed that all were negative, indicating that they are not in acute phase of hepatitis B infection. Cellular immunity examination, i.e., CMI skin test has shown positive result in 64.9% on persistent and 65.2% in non persistent hepatitis B (p>0.05). T cell examination showed statistically significant difference (p<0.01) between persistenct and non persistent hepatitis B patients, there was is also significant difference (p<0.01) on CD4 cell examination. These findings indicated that there was difference in immunoregulation function and response repression of antivirus between both groups of patients. On the other hand CD4/ CD8 ratio and T cell function showed no significant difference between the two gorups of patients; similarly the specific function of cytotoxic T cell was not significantly difference.
Clinical and laboratory features of childhood systemic lupus erythematosus and its course in Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta Zakiudin Munasir; Tuty Mariana; Rulina Suradi
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 41 No 7-8 (2001): July 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (149.202 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi41.4.2001.214-24

Abstract

A descriptive, retrospective study has been performed among 33 children with SLE during the period of January 1986 to December 1999 in Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The results of the present study show that SLE in childhood was more commonly found in girls than in boys, with a ratio of 4.5: 1. The mean age of onset was 10.5 years and the mean age of diagnosis was 10.9 years, most frequently observed in the age of > 10 years and rarely found in the age of < 5 years. The time interval between the time of onset and time of diagnosis ranged from 1 to 24 months and the most frequent interval was 1-3 months. The most common initial symptoms were prolonged fever, rash on the skin and face, and athralgia. In its natural history of the disease, kidneys, skin/mucous membrane and joints are the most frequent organs involved. Most of the SLE patients develop anemia. Positive anti ds-DNA, ANA and decreased levels of C3 and C4 respectively in 28 (28/31), in 29 (29/30), in 25 (25/33), and in 19 (19/27) cases. LE cells were encountered only in four (4/17) cases.  Out of 11 cases upon which renal biopsies were done, the most common histological features were mesangeal glomerulonephritis (class II) and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (class IV). The mean time interval between the onset and renal complication manifestations was 6.96 months, cardiac complication was 16.77 months, central nerve system was 22.71 months and lungs were 25.0 months. Duration of illness of patients with SLE ranged from 2 to 175 with the mean of 31.3 months. The causes of death were mostly due to gastrointestinal bleeding and renal failure.
Effect of morbidity on change in mid-upper arm circumference in children under five years of age A COHORT STUDY IN PURWOREJO, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA Soeroyo Machfudz
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 41 No 7-8 (2001): July 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (125.395 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi41.4.2001.225-30

Abstract

The objective of this study were to find out the effect of morbidity (diarrhoeal diseases /DD & acute respiratory infection/ARI) on mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) in children uner five years of age and to evaluate the impact of potential confounding and effect modifying factors on association between morbidity and MUAC development i.e. socioeconomic status, living area and breast feeding. A cohort study was carried out to follow morbidity and MUAC development from February 1996 to January 1997, including home visits and examinations every 3 months, totally four times. Data were collected through interviews and MUAC was measured using standard non-stretchable plastic tape. This analysis was performed on 2708 individuals (45.3% of the total sample), where complete morbidity and MUAC information was available, DD and ARI prevalence was highest in the second half of infancy. The overall period prevalence of DD and ARI was 1.4 and 9.9%, respectively. There was a small, but significant negative effect of diarrhoea on change in MUAC among infants below one year in the rural area, less so in the urban area. In older children there was no association between morbidity and MUAC velocity. There was a small positive association between maternal education and MUAC development in both age groups. Diarrhoeal diseases, showed a negative influence on MUAC development in infancy. However, in this study MUAC development from 12 months and onwards was not influenced by the load of illness. MUAC seems to be less sensitive in reflecting the morbidity history of the child, as compared to other anthropometric measurements.

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