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Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences (MCBS)

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Published by Cell and Biopharmaceutical Institute

ISSN : 25274384 EISSN : 25273442 DOI : -

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Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences (MCBS) has been published by Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute (CBPI), a biannually published scientific journal, is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that supports all topics in Biology, Pathology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Histology and Biomedicine in the aspect of molecular and cellular.

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Articles 132 Documents

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Lung Cancer: Biomarkers, Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Monoclonal Antibodies Made Putra Semadhi; Stefanus Layli Prasojo; Anandani Widarini
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 1, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v1i2.10

Lung cancer is the most contributor of cancer cause death in the world. Lung cancer is related to cigarette consumption and genetic factor. Nicotine derived nitrosamine ketone is the most important inducer of lung cancer associated with DNA Mutations resulting in the activation of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral (KRAS) oncogenes. DNA Mutation in Lung cancer is mostly presence by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. There were seven potential biomarkers to detect early lung cancer, whereas carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin-19 fragments (CYFRA 21-1), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), CA-199 and ferritin. The use of biomarkers in combination can improve the accuracy in diagnosing lung cancer. Other biomarkers include KRAS mutations, B-type Raf kinase (BRAF) mutation, mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) amplification and Excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) can be used to see whether there are any genetic mutations that lead to lung cancer. Treatment of lung cancer with chemotherapy can be done using tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies.Keywords: lung cancer, DNA mutation, EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, MET, tyrosine kinase

Isolation, Characterization, Proliferation and Differentiation of Synovial Membrane-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (SM-MSCs) from Osteoarthritis Patients Marlina Marlina; Rizki Rahmadian; Armenia Armenia; Wahyu Widowati; Rizal Rizal; Hanna Sari Widya Kusuma; Satrio Haryo Benowo Wibowo; Wahyu Setia Widodo; Ika Adhani Sholihah
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 4, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v4i2.100

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the cells which have high renewal capacity and and are capable for differentiating into some types of cells. MSCs can be obtained from several tissues including bone marrow, synovial membrane, blood, adipose tissue and periosteum. The proliferation and self-repair ability of MSCs are the advantages to use as stem cells-based therapy of various diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the differentiation, characterization and proliferation of synovial membrane-derived MSCs (SM-MSCs).Materials and Methods: The cells proliferation capacity was determined by cell counting using trypan blue, characterization of MSCs (cluster of differentiation (CD)90, CD11b, CD73, CD34, CD19, CD45, CD105 and human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR)) using flow cytometry analysis, and differentiation capability into three lineage cells was determined with red alcian blue, oil red O and alizarin staining.Results: The type culture of SM-MSCs was adherent and showed positive CD44, CD105, CD73, CD90 and negative of CD19, HLA-DR, CD11b, CD45, CD34 surface marker. Based on the result, SM-MSCs P3 showed differentiation potency into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineage cells. The population doubling time of SM-MSCs has increased from P3 to P8. The population doubling time of SM-MSCs P3 was 1.69 days and SM-MSCs P8 was 3.64 days.Conclusion: The results indicated that SM-MCSCs from osteoarthritis patients are able to differentiate into osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes and highly express of CD105, CD73, CD90, CD44 and negative for CD34, CD45, CD14, CD19.Keywords: synovial membrane, mesenchymal stromal cells, adipocyte, chondrocyte, osteocyte

The Mechanism of Coronary Artery Calcification in Centrally Obese Non-Diabetic Men: Study on The Interaction of Leptin, Free Leptin Index, Adiponectin, hs-C Reactive Protein, Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Matrix Gla Protein Antonia Anna Lukito; Syakib Bakri; Peter Kabo; Andi Wijaya
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 4, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Background: The calcium in the artery was thought to be the result of the imbalance or dysregulation of the promoter and inhibitor cytokines influenced by various subclinical and clinical conditions. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between central obesity, as an early subclinical condition, also known as a chronic low grade inflammation condition and coronary artery calcium (CAC) in non-diabetic population including the underlying pathomechanisms of a CAC in the early stage of atherosclerosis.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional pathway analysis study enrolling 60 central obesity non-diabetic men that underwent coronary calcium score scan, anthropometrics and biomarker assays.Results: There was a positive correlation between increasing free leptin index/adiponectin (FLI/A) ratio and CAC (r=0.297; p<0.05). There was a positive correlation between increasing FLI/A ratio and plasma high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (r=0.318; p<0.05). Plasma hs-CRP and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-matrix gla protein (MGP) dysregulation were positively correlated (r=0.221; p<0.05) after adjusted to risk factors including insulin resistance, hypertension, age, and dyslipidemia.Conclusion: The study found that one of the pathways involved in CAC in the centrally obese non-diabetic male is might be due to an increase of free leptin and decrease of adiponectin. The free leptin and adiponection ratio also increased hs-CRP, which partially correlated to the dysregulation of BMP-2 and MGP.Keywords: coronary artery calcification, central obesity, adipokines, bone regulator protein, pathomechanism

High Blood Ammonia Levels Associated with Long-term Valproic Acids Therapy in Epileptic Children I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha; I Gusti Ngurah Made Suwarba; Dyah Kanya Wati; Ida Bagus Subanada
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 4, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Background: Valproic acid is an effective drug for controlling seizure in children with epilepsy and it is usually used for treatment as long as two years or more. Blood ammonia level often increased in epileptic children who were treated with long-term valproic acid. The study was conducted to determine the relationship between blood ammonia level with valproic acid therapy in epileptic children.Materials and Methods: This is an observational study with cross-sectional approach. The subjects were 64 children with epilepsy, average age of 6.2 years old. Subjects were 33 boys and 31 girls. Blood ammonia level was examined using enzymatic glutamate dehydrogenase. Subjects were divided into 2 therapeutic groups based on the duration, doses and combination therapy of valproic acid. Subjects were recruited from Pediatric Neurology Clinic, Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia, from May to December 2017. Comparison of blood ammonia level between groups were analyzed using an Independent t-test with significances if the p<0.05.Results: A significant difference of blood ammonia level was found between subjects who were treated with valproic acid less than 2 years and more than 2 years (45.7±16.4 mmol/L vs. 70.9±43.6 mmol/L; p=0.032). However, significant difference was not found between the groups according to the doses and combination therapy (p=0.450 and p=0.647, respectively).Conclusion: Blood ammonia level was significantly higher in epileptic children who used long-term valproic acid, hence it was recommended to check the blood ammonia level routinely.Keywords: ammonia, epilepsy, valproic, children

Correlation between Blood Pressure and Obesity Parameter against Cystatin-C and Adiponectin Levels in Serum of Obese Adolescent Ridwan Ridwan; Ami Febriza; Elmiana Bongga Linggi; Rosdiana Natzir; Nurpudji Astuti Tazlim
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 4, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v4i3.109

Background: Obesity contributes to the increased risk of chronic kidney and systemic inflammation. This condition can occur in obese adolescents. Most researches of cystatin-C (cys-C) and adiponectin have been carried out in adult and children subjects. The purpose of this research is to determine differences in serum cys-C and adiponectin levels between obese and normoweight adolescents and their correlation with blood pressure and obesity parameters.Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight obese adolescents and 22 normoweight adolescents aged 15-18 years old participated in this research. After the measurement of blood pressure and obesity parameters, we examined serum cys-C levels as a biomarker for decreased early stage renal function and adiponectin, an antiinflammatory adipokine. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on serum cys-C is calculated using the eGFR-Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (eGFR-CKD EPI cys-C equation formula). Results: Cys-C levels in obese adolescents were higher than normoweight adolescents. In contrast, serum adiponectin levels in obese adolescents were lower than for normoweight adolescents. Interestingly, eGFR based on serum cys-C showed no difference, although eGFR in obese adolescents was lower than normoweight adolescent. Serum cys-C was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Serum adiponectin was negatively correlated with SBP, DBP, BMI and WC. SBP is a predictor factor for the increase in serum cys-C and BMI is a predictor factor in the decrease in serum adiponectin levels. Conclusion: There is a decline in early stage kidney function and inflammation in obese adolescents as evidenced by increased serum cyst-C levels and decreased serum adiponectin levels. These two biomarkers correlate with blood pressure, BMI and WC and play a role in the pathomechanism of early stage impairment of kidney function and inflammation in obese adolescents.Keywords: adiponectin, body mass index, cystatin-C, early stage renal diseases, inflammation, systolic blood pressure

Enucleation Induces Parvalbumin and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, but Not Calbindin D28k Protein Expression in Superior Colliculus of Wistar Rats Daniel Gonzalez; Szeifoul Afadlal; Kristin Lizal; Yulius Hermanto; Takanori Miki; Yoshiki Takeuchi; Irawan Satriotomo
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v2i1.11

Background: It is known that eye enucleation causes various morphological and functional alterations in the central nervous system (CNS). The purpose of this study was to examine the sub-chronic effects of monocular enucleation on the distribution of the calcium binding proteins calbindin D28k (CB) and parvalbumin (PV) as well as the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity in the superior colliculus (SC) of Wistar rats.Materials and Methods: Thirty young adult (8 weeks) male Wistar rats from SLC (Shizuoka, Japan), weighing 200-250 grams, were housed in separate cages under controlled conditions with a constant temperature kept in 12:12 light/dark cycle and ad libitum water and food. In this study the rats were divided into two groups, a control and an enucleated groups. The experimental group received unilateral eye enucleation and was allowed 1, 4 or 12 weeks recovery before sacrificed.Results: Unilateral enucleation over a period of 1 week or more caused a decrease in the number CB-immunoreactive (CBIR) neurons. This loss was associated with an increase in GFAP-IR astrocytes in the superficial gray layer and the optic layer of the SC with contralateral side predominance. In addition, the CB-IR neurons illustrated a smaller soma and poor dendritic arborization. Conversely, the GFAP-IR astrocytes were hypertrophied with longer foot processes on the contralateral side of enucleation. Interestingly, the number of PV-IR neurons was elevated for up to 4 weeks in enucleated rats versus shamoperated rats.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the importance of calcium-binding protein homeostasis and reversible glial response for maintaining variability of neuronal function in sub-cortical visual centers following optic nerve deafferentation.Keywords: enucleation, superior colliculus, calbindin D28k, parvalbumin, glial fibrillary acidic protein

Is Stem Cell a Curer or an Obstruction? Siska Darmayanti; Rina Triana; Angliana Chouw; Nurrani Mustika Dewi
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 1, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v1i1.12

Stem cell research and therapy are progressing these days dramatically. Stem cell therapy holds enormous treatment potential for many diseases which currently have no or limited therapeutic options. Unfortunately, this potential also comes with side-effects. In this review, the positive and negative effects of regulation of stem cells will be explained. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which able to develop into many different cells of types in the body during early life and growth. There are five types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, somatic stem cells, fetal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells. Stem cell transplantation is one form of stem cell therapy, it comes with different techniques sourced, and those are autologous and allogeneic transplantation stem cells. In an autologous transplant, a patient's blood-forming stem cells are collected, meanwhile, in an allogeneic transplant, target cells are replaced with new stem cells obtained from a donor or donated umbilical cord blood. Its abilities to maintain the phenotype, self-renewing and differentiate itself into specialized cells, give rise to stem cell as an innovation for the treatment of various diseases. In the clinical setting, stem cells are being explored for different conditions, such as in tissue repair and regeneration and autoimmune diseases therapy. But along with its benefit, stem cell therapy also holds some harm. It is known that the treatment using stem cell for curing and rehabilitation has the risk of tumor formation.Keywords: stem cell, therapy, transplantation, tumorigenic, mesenchymal stem cell, allogeneic

Naïve T Cells in Immunosuppression Diseases: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Cytomegalovirus Kent Wijaya Setiawan; Ferry Sandra
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v2i1.13

Dynamic changes of naïve T cells determine mature T cells activity in cell-mediated immune response. It is important to understand the mechanism of homeostasis maintenance affect response to novel antigen toward T cell receptor-major histocompatibility complex interaction. Most of the analysis of naïve T cells relies on flow cytometric immunophenotyping to observe surface antigen alteration within maturation stage. The combination of different surface molecules, such as the cluster of differentiation 62L (CD62L), C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7), CD27, CD28, and CD45, can give satisfied discrimination between naïve T cells and other subsets. This parameter can be used to monitor the dynamic change of naïve T cells in some chronic diseases, like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Most of the patient experience loss of naive T cells due to a chronic immune response, which related to apoptotic induction in proliferating cells by viral activity. Some pathogens trigger the migration of naive T cells into lymph nodes to facilitate direct contact with the host cells. The virus infects the cells, use cells proliferation to multiply, and induce apoptosis of host cells after the virions released. Alteration of naive T cells in chronic disease becomes a parameter to oversee the treatment and to determine the future prognosis of the disease. In highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection, observation of naïve T cells and combination of surface molecules, CD45RO− and CD27+ is used to show the improvement and proliferation rate of total naïve T cells. On the other hand, the transformation of naïve T cells into CMV-specific T cells become really important in CMV prognosis. These conditions suggest that dynamic change of naïve T cells affect to the clinical condition of chronic disease patients.Keywords: naïve T cells, immunophenotyping, HIV, CMV

Phytoconstituent Analysis and Antibacterial Potential of Epicarp Extracts from Mature Fruits of Persea americana Mill Cyuzuzo Callixte; Dusabimana Jean Damascene; Anwar Ma'aruf; Yoes Prijatna Dachlan; Anggraini Dwi Sensusiati; Ndayisaba Daniel; Eka Nora Vitaloka Aprilia Putri Winthoko
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 4, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) has reported the antimicrobial resistance as one among the ten threats to global health in 2019. The development of plant-derived antibiotics is currently considered as a modern medicine’s greatest success. Persea americana is a plant with high medicinal profile which allow its different parts to be used for therapeutic purposes. This study is aimed to determine the antibacterial potential of ethanol and chloroform extracts from epicarp of mature fruits of P. americana Mill against human pathogens.Materials and Methods: The epicarps of avocado were dried in oven and ground into powder using porcelain mortar and pestle. The powdered plant materials were extracted with both 96% ethanol and chloroform. Extracts were qualitatively screened to examine their bioactive contents and agar well diffusion method was used to analyze the antibacterial activity of extracts against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Results: Both solvents showed the ability to dissolve the secondary metabolites from avocado epicarps. Phytochemical screening disclosed the presence of alkaloids, proteins, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids and phenolic compounds in ethanolic extracts and absence of flavonoids and tannins in chloroform extracts. The extracts showed the inhibition zones ranging from 14±4.5 mm to 26±2.1 mm while streptomycin demonstrated high inhibition zones ranging from 20±3.1 mm to 30 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of extracts ranges from 0.3125 mg/mL to 20 mg/mL while the MIC values for streptomycin vary from 0.25 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL.Conclusion: The ethanol and chloroform extracts proved to be potentially effective as natural alternative preventives to fight against various disease-causing bacteria.Keywords: antibacterial activity, ethanol extract, chloroform extract, Persea americana, Rwanda

Relationship between sRAGE and hsCRP as Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Men with Central Obesity Rambu Beppy Hamuaty; Indriyanti Rafi Sukmawati; Ferry Sandra
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 1, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v1i2.14

Background: Interaction between advanced glycation end product (AGE) and receptor for AGE (RAGE) triggers the escalation of inflammatory cytokine expressions. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), an important inflammatory marker, has been reported to be modulated by soluble RAGE (sRAGE). However, the relationship between hsCRP and sRAGE in diabetes was not clearly described. Therefore present study was conducted to determine the relationship between sRAGE with hsCRP in men with central obese diabetic and non-diabetic. Materials and Methods: Adult men aged 25-60 years with central obese diabetes and non-diabetes, were recruited. Patient’s profiles were collected before the physical and blood examination. Physical examinations were conducted by measuring waist/abdomen, blood pressure, height, and weight. The routine blood test was performed to obtain concentrations of fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, hsCRP and sRAGE level.Results: Fifty-seven subjects with central obese and waist size ≥90 cm were selected. It was found that hsCRP values were significantly different (p=0.000) in HbA1c <6.5% dan HbA1c ≥6.5% groups. There was an inverse relationship between hsCRP and sRAGE levels for both in HbA1c <6.5% (r=-0.073) and HbA1c≥6.5% (r=-0.022) groups. In HbA1c ≥6.5% group, sRAGE showed strong positive correlation with 1 mg/dL ≤ hsCRP <3 mg/dL group (r>0.5).Conclusions: In the early stages of diabetes with hsCRP <1 mg/dL, the protective function was demonstrated with greater sRAGE levels. However, in further phase with 3 ≤ hsCRP < 10 mg/dL, the level of sRAGE was low, which is assumed to be associated with complications. Hence, sRAGE could be suggested as a complementary marker for hsCRP to evaluate diabetic men with central obesity.Keywords: sRAGE, hsCRP, diabetes, HbA1c, central obesity

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