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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2085191X     EISSN : 23387610     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education, an electronic international journal, provides a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to biological research and biological education.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 15 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 15, No 2 (2023): August 2023" : 15 Documents clear
Phylogenetic Relationship of Cymbidium Mosaic Virus from the Native Orchids of South Kalimantan, Indonesia Dindin Hidayatul Mursyidin; Ahmad Winarto Saputra
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 15, No 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i2.41842

Abstract

Information on viral genetics, including their phylogenetic relationship, is valuable in controlling viral infection and screening for the development of virus-resistant cultivars in the future. The objectives of this study were to detect and characterize the Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) from the native orchids of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, by the RT-PCR method. Also, to determine their phylogenetic relationship based on a partial genome of RdRp by the ML and PCA methods. Following RT-PCR analysis, one of 10 samples of native orchids used was positively infected by CymMV. In early detection, the RdRp region of CymMV has approximately 530 bp in size. After being sequenced and aligned with other isolates, this region has 121 polymorphic or mutation sites, a GC content of 45.21%, a transition/transversion bias value of 3.52, and nucleotide diversity (0.0415). The phylogenetic analysis revealed that CymMV from South Kalimantan, Indonesia, has closest related to similar isolates from Korea Type 2 (AF016914.1), Niigata, Japan (AB197937.1), Hawaii (EF125180.1), and Taiwan M2 (EU314803.1), with the coefficient divergence of 0.025. But, it has very distantly related to Hawaii 18-1 (EF125178.1) with a coefficient of 0.142. The results provide urgent information in supporting the native orchid's conservation and breeding efforts, locally and globally, including mitigating or controlling the viral infection and screening for the development of virus-free or resistant cultivars in the future.
In Vitro Antiinflammatory Activity of Bajakah (Spatholobus littoralis) Stem Extract Diah Wulandari Rousdy; Elvi Rusmiyanto Wardoyo
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 15, No 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i2.36227

Abstract

The plant of Bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) has been utilized in traditional medication. Previous studies have proven the existence of in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of Bajakah plant (S. littoralis) in lowering the degree of carrageenan-induced paw oedema in mice. This study aims to determine the anti-inflammatory mechanism of S. littoralis extract in vitro through an approach of enzyme inhibition involved in the inflammatory reaction. The concentration of ethanol extract of Bajakah used was 0.1; 0.2; 0.4; 0.8; 1.6 mg/ml. The parameters measured were lipoxygenase enzyme inhibition, protein denaturation inhibition, protease enzyme inhibition, as well as plasma membrane stabilization. The results of the study showed the potential of the ethanol extract of Bajakah stems in inhibiting the inflammatory process viewed from the ability to inhibit inflammation-related enzymes. S. littoralis extract concentration of 1.6 mg/ml showed the best inhibition of the protein denaturation process (75.9%), the inhibition of trypsin protease enzyme (26.1%) and the stability of erythrocyte membrane (93.7%). However, the extracts of S. littoralis did not provide inhibition for the lipoxygenase enzyme in the range of 0.2-3.8%. This study proves the role of S. littoralis extract in the anti-inflammatory mechanism. It has the potential to be developed into standardized herbs.
Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical of Ocimum basilicum to Strengthen the Traditional Balinese Medicine System I Nyoman Arsana; Ni Ketut Ayu Juliasih; A. A. Ayu Sauca Sunia Widyantari
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 15, No 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i2.42315

Abstract

The system of traditional Balinese medicine is known as Usada. One type of plant used in Usada is basil (Ocimum basilicum L). Antioxidant activity and phytochemical of ethanol extracts of two varieties of basil, Ocimum basilicum L (var.) Bali (OcB) and Ocimum basilicum L (var.) Lombok (OcL) was investigated.  Total phenol was determined by folin-cioccalteu phenol reagent, total flavonoid by quarsetine reagent, tannin by Folin-Denis reagent, and antioxidant activity was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method and is expressed as IC50. All of the parameters were measured by spectrophotometer. Phytochemicals were determined by Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis. Morphological characters (stems, leaves, and flowers) are also observed. The results showed, in OcB obtained 92 compounds, 10 of which are important compounds that have an antioxidant effect, while in OcL 139 compound components were found, 15 of which are important compounds. Levels of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, as well as IC50 in OcB are; 3526.65 mg GAE/100g, 15841.6795 mg QE/100g, 2402.80 mg/100 g, and 24.9410 mg/L, respectively, while in OcL respectively are; 3297.71 mg GAE/100g, 13242.30 mg QE/100g, 850.71 mg/100, and 33.1105 mg/L. Conclusions, morphologically OcB and OcL showed no difference except leaf width and petiole length. The antioxidant activity of OcB is better, as well as higher levels of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins compared to OcL.
Inventaritation and Potential Utilization of Macroscopic Mushroom in TPKh Tenjo KPH Bogor Zalfa Alfatinnisa; Wahyu Aji Mahardhika; Arina Tri Lunggani; Ivan Permana Putra
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 15, No 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i2.39977

Abstract

The TPKh Tenjo KPH Bogor is a production forest wood collection area and becomes a production forest for the Acacia mangium wood species. Timber harvesting activities leave a lot of tree stumps, twigs, or piles of wood that do not pass production. Environmental conditions with a lot of harvested wood residue and supported by relatively cool air temperatures and high humidity, it is suspected this area has a diversity of macroscopic fungi with various unknown potentials. This study aims to obtain data on the types of macroscopic fungi and their potential uses. The research method includes the stages of exploration, identification and literature study to obtain the potential of the macroscopic fungi found. The research succeeded in finding 8 types of macroscopic fungi classified into the phylum Basidiomycota, 3 orders, 5 families, and 7 genera. The macroscopic fungi include Coprinellus sp., Lentinus sp., Panus sp., Schizophyllum commune, Pycnoporus sp., Fomitopsis sp. 1, Fomitopsis sp. 2, and Lycoperdon sp. Based on the results of the literature study, the potential uses of macroscopic fungi were found are as food, medicine, natural pigment producer, and enzyme producer.  This data report can be used as basic information on the use of macroscopic mushrooms by communities around the area to be used as food or medicinal ingredients. Further utilization of this data is the development of the potential of macroscopic fungi that produce enzymes, pigments or drugs to be produced on a large scale. Research on the development of potential mushroom conservation strategies can also be carried out for sustainable use.
Chemical Analysis of Sea urchin Diademasetosum Gonads Mohamad Haikal K. Djafar; Margaretha Solang; Marini Susanti Hamidun; Aryati Abdul; Syam S. Kumaji; La Nane
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 15, No 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i2.42994

Abstract

Sea urchins Diademasetosum can be found in shallow waters. Sea urchin gonads are nutritionally valuable and capable of accumulating heavy metals. This study aims to determine the moisture content, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, Pb, Cd metal content and determine the Maximum Tolerable Intake (MTI) of sea urchin D. setosum gonads. Gonad samples were obtained from three coasts of Huangobotu, Botubarani and Kurenai, Kabila Bone Sub-district, Bone Bolango Regency, using a purposive sampling technique. Gonads were analyzed proximate, including moisture, ash, protein, fat and carbohydrate content. Analysis of Pb and Cd levels using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results were analyzed statistically using One-Way ANOVA Test. The results showed that the average moisture, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate content of gonads on the coast of Huangobotu, Botubarani, and Kurenai were significantly different (p0.005); moisture content 71.91%, 75.04%, 78.51%; ash content 1.88%, 1.15%, 2.76%; protein content 9.90%, 12.81%, 15.53%; fat content 7.33%, 3.05%, 4.84%; carbohydrate content 2.35%, 7.92%, 4.93%. Pb levels were significantly different (p0.005) 0.063 mg/kg, 0.039 mg/kg, and 0.018 mg/kg, respectively; Cd levels were not significantly different (p0.005) 0.020 mg/kg, 0.012 mg/kg, 0.014 mg/kg respectively. MTI Pb adults 23.8kg, 38.4kg, 83.3kg, children 5.9kg, 9.6kg, 20.8kg. MTI Cd adults 21kg, 35kg, 30kg, children 5.25kg, 8.75kg, 7.5kg. D. setosumhas potential as a source of protein and can be utilized as food by considering the MTI value.
Visceral Organ Weight of Pengging Duck after the Addition of Nanochitosan as Feed Additive Khevalin Kwardoyo; Sunarno Sunarno; Siti Muflichatun Mardiati
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 15, No 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i2.41174

Abstract

The productivity of pengging ducks is determined by optimizing the function of the body's organs. The feed consumed greatly determines the growth and development of the internal organs in the pengging duck. Nanochitosan is a polysaccharide that has potential as a feed additive which functions to increase feed digestibility, nutrient absorption, promote growth to help optimize the function of visceral organs. This study aims to analyze the effect of nanochitosan as a feed additive on the function of the visceral organs of pengging ducks in terms of the weight of the visceral organs. The visceral organs studied included the ventriculus, intestines, liver, pancreas, spleen, and heart. This study was designed in a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; 10 g nanochitosan/kg feed) with 5 replications. Nanochitosan feed additive treatment was given for 8 week. Variables that were measured in this study included weight of ventriculus, intestinal, liver, pancreas, spleen, and heart of pengging ducks. The research data showed that nanochitosan as a feed additive had no significant effect on visceral weight of pengging ducks (P0.05). The conclusion of this study is that nanochitosan as a feed additive does not cause changes in the function of the visceral organs based on the indication of the weight of the visceral organs measured, namely the ventricles, intestines, liver, pancreas, spleen, and heart. The novelty of this research is the use of nanochitosan as a feed additive to improve the performance of penging ducks by maintaining the size of the visceral organs. It is hoped that the results of this research on nanochitosan feed additive can be used by local laying duck farms in Indonesia because it is safe and as an effort to improve the performance and productivity of ducks.
Protein and Cholesterol Levels of Duck Eggs after the Addition of Nanochitosan as a Feed Additive Sunarno Sunarno; Elsa Ayu Kusuma; Agung Janika Sitasiwi
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 15, No 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i2.41180

Abstract

Nanochitosan is a polysaccharide that can be used as a feed additive to improve the chemical quality of eggs. Protein and cholesterol levels are indicators of the chemical quality of eggs that affect egg weight. This study aims to analyze the effect of nanochitosan as a feed additive on improving the chemical quality of eggs in terms of protein content, cholesterol content, egg white weight, egg yolk weight, and duck egg weight. This study was designed in a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; 10 g nanochitosan/kg feed) with 5 replications. Treatment of feed was given for 8 weeks. Variables measured included protein content, cholesterol level, egg white weight, egg yolk weight, and duck egg weight. Data was analyzed using ANOVA at 5% significance. The results showed that nanochitosan as a feed additive had a significant effect on increasing protein content, egg white weight, egg yolk weight, egg weight and cholesterol reduction. The conclusion of this study is that nanochitosan can be used as a feed additive that has potential to improve the chemical quality of duck eggs. The novelty of this research is the use of nanochitosan as a feed additive to improve the performance of livestock in increasing protein levels and reducing cholesterol levels in pengging duck eggs. The results of this study are expected to open up opportunities regarding the use of nanochitosan as a feed additive in various other local ducks in Indonesia.
Development of Photomyxotrophic Culture Protocol of Lemongrass Through Sucrose Concentration Increase and Light Intensity Decrease Desy Irmawati; Enni Suwarsi Rahayu
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 15, No 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i2.38303

Abstract

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Randle) plantlets are interesting to be used as tissue culture-based souvenir. The success of plantlet propagation through photomyxotrophic culture is influenced by several factors, including sucrose concentration and light intensity. The research aimed to analyze the effect of sucrose concentration and light intensity on the growth of lemongrass plantlets. This experimental research used randomized block factorial design with two factors, namely sucrose concentration (0 g/l, 10 g/l, 20 g/l, 30 g/l) and light intensity (2000 lux, 3000 lux, 4000 lux, 5000 lux). The variables observed were some parameters of growth and development of plantlet. The data were analyzed with two-way Analyses of Variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that sucrose concentration had significant effect on the number of shoots and leaves of plantlet. The light intensity and the interaction of both factors had also significant effect on the number of shoots and leaves. The most optimal treatments were sucrose of 20 g/l and light intensity of 3000 lux.  The results of this study innovate the tissue culture technique using photomyxotrophic system in order to produce sterile lemongrass plantlets in large quantities.
Polyketide Synthase Gene Domain Exploration of Marine Sponge Symbiont Bacteria Collected From Weh Island Sukmawan Fajar Santosa; Nazaruddin Nazaruddin; Wahyu Eka Sari; Febriani Febriani
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 15, No 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i2.42980

Abstract

Sponges have long been known as a source for isolating secondary metabolites. These natural compounds are biosynthetic products of symbiont bacteria from various phyla colonizing sponge tissue. Some symbiont bacteria are known to produce bioactive compounds that would have antibacterial activity, such as polyketide, due to competition in colonizing and obtaining nutrients from their hosts. In general, this study aims to explore the biosynthetic potential of seven sponge-symbiont bacteria by detecting the gene domain involved in the production of polyketide compounds. Sponge-symbiont bacteria isolation was carried out on one species of sponge collected from a depth of ±15 m in the Iboih area, Weh Island, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The bacteria was allowed to grow in Sea Water Complete agar medium and incubated at 280C for 10-14 days. The production of polyketide compounds involves the enzyme polyketide synthase (PKS). Polyketide synthase was detected by detecting the encoding gene domain involved in the production of polyketide compounds using PCR method. Five of the seven isolates of sponge symbiont bacteria were detected to contain the PKS gene domain. Furthermore, molecular identification confirm by 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the isolates belonged to the phylum Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. The result indicated that the sponge symbiont bacteria collected from Weh Island had the biosynthetic potential to produce polyketide compounds. These compounds would have antimicrobial activities that will play a major role in the medical field. Research related to screening PKS genes in marine sponge symbionts bacteria from Weh Island has never been reported before, thus adding to the novelty of this research.
Rat Liver Function Induced By A High-Fat Diet After Giving Mahogany Seeds Ethanol Extract Agave Chintya Gabriella Sijabat; Sri Isdadiyanto; Agung Janika Sitasiwi
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 15, No 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i2.44632

Abstract

Intake of a high-fat diet can cause hyperlipidemia which increases the rate of triglycerides and cholesterol, and decrease the HDL levels. The increase of lipid levels in the blood can cause Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) which triggers damage of liver function. Mahogany seeds have bioactive compounds that have the potential to be antioxidants in treating hyperlipidemia. This study aimed to analyze the liver function of rats by inducing a high-fat diet after giving mahogany seeds ethanol extract which was observed through the levels of SGOT and SGPT. Thirty male rats of the Sprague Dawley strain were divided into 6 groups of treatment, that were: P0 (only given commercial feed), P1 (given a high-fat diet), P2 (given a high-fat diet and simvastatin at a dose of 8 mg/200 g BW), P3, P4, and P5 (given a high-fat diet and mahogany seeds ethanol extract of 14, 28, and 56 mg/200gBW). The results showed that there was no significant difference between all treatment groups. Administration of mahogany seeds ethanol extract was able to prevent the increase of SGOT and SGPT levels. Mahogany seeds ethanol extract has the hepatoprotective effect against high-fat diet induced hepatotoxicity, thereby affirming its traditional therapeutic role in liver injury.

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