Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education, an electronic international journal, provides a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to biological research and biological education.
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<![CDATA[Screening of Acetic Acid Bacteria from Pineapple Waste for Bacterial Cellulose Production using Sago Liquid Waste ]]>
<![CDATA[Nur Arfa Yanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Sitti Wirdhana Ahmad]]>;
<![CDATA[Sri Ambardini]]>;
<![CDATA[Nurhayani Haji Muhiddin]]>;
<![CDATA[La Ode Iman Sulaiman]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.10241
<![CDATA[Bacterial cellulose is a biopolymer produced by fermentation process with the help of bacteria. It has numerous applications in industrial sector with its characteristic as a biodegradable and nontoxic compound in nature. The potential application of BC is limited by its production costs, because BC is produced from expensive culture media. The use of cheap carbon and nutrient sources such as sago liquid waste is an interesting strategy to overcome this limitation. The objective of this study was to obtain the AAB strain that capable to produce bacterial cellulose from sago liquid waste. Isolation of AAB strains was conducted using CARR media and the screening of BC production was performed on Hestrin-Schramm (HS) media with glucose as a carbon source. The strains of AAB then were evaluated for their cellulose-producing capability using sago liquid waste as a substrate. Thirteen strains of AAB producing BC were isolated from pineapple waste (pineapple core and peel) and seven of them were capable to produce BC using sago liquid waste substrate. One of the AAB strains produced a relatively high BC, i.e. isolate LKN6. The result of morphological and biochemical test was proven that the bacteria was Acetobacter xylinum. The result of this study showed that A. xylinum LKN6 can produce a high yield of BC, therefore this strain is potentially useful for its utilization as a starter in bacterial cellulose production. ]]>
<![CDATA[Growth and Protein Content Establishment of Pleurotus ostreatus on Liquid and Solid Medium ]]>
<![CDATA[Aris Mumpuni]]>;
<![CDATA[Nuraeni Ekowati]]>;
<![CDATA[Purnomowati Purnomowati]]>;
<![CDATA[Endang Sri Purwati]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.11660
<![CDATA[Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation is performed using solid medium to harvest fruit body and using liquid medium to harvest mycelia in submerged culture. Modifying nutrients in the medium to increase protein content of the fruitbody and mycelia can be done through addition of nitrogen-containing materials. This study aims to determine: the appropriate composition of the liquid medium for high mycelial growth and protein content; and the exact composition of the solid medium to obtain high fruitbody product and protein content. The method was experimental with completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments were incubation of P. ostreatus on three types of liquid medium and four types of solid medium. The results showed that the optimal liquid medium composition for mycelial growth was Liquid Fermentation Medium 1 (FC1) with 10% corn fluor, and the highest protein content was in Liquid Fermentation Medium 2 (FC2 = 29.76%). While the optimal solid medium composition for fruitbody production was the medium with 3% corn starch supplement (TJ3), and the highest protein content was obtained from the medium without corn starch supplement (TJ0=24.69%). The increase of mycelial and fruitbody weight from the medium with the addition of corn material indicated a prospective in cultivation process, however effort to increase protein content of the fruit body needs further research. Cultivating P. ostreatus in mycelial phase may take shorter incubation time, may be produced in mass production with less space consuming, and higher protein content than that by producing fruitbody.]]>
<![CDATA[Size and Density of Artemisia annua Stomata Soaked in Water Extract of Gloriosa superba Seeds ]]>
<![CDATA[Sri Indah Rahmawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmad Yunus]]>;
<![CDATA[Ari Susilowati]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.11234
<![CDATA[Artemisia annua is a herbaceous plant that produces artemisinin as a malaria drug, haemorrhoids therapy, aromatherapy, antiviral, anticancer and antibacterial. Gloriosa superba is a plant that contains high colchicine compounds, especially on the seeds. Gloriosa superba extracts of tubers, stems, seeds, and leaves were used as biomutagen for many plants. Colchicine contains of these plants as antimitotic have been studied and proven by the mitotic index plants. Water extracts of Gloriosa superba seeds was used as a mutagen for Artemisia annua. The aim of this study was to determine the size and density of Artemisia annua stomata soaked in water extract of Gloriosa superba seeds as a mutagen. Extraction of Gloriosa superba seeds obtained naturally on Krakal Beach, Gunung Kidul by using a maceration method with water solvent (1:1). Artemisia annua sprouts were obtained from B2P2TOOT Tawangmangu. Variables treatment on sprouts using water extract concentration of Gloriosa superba seeds and soaking time of Artemisia annua sprouts. Measurements of stomatal length, width and density were conducted in epidermis of Artemisia annua leaf. Observation and measurements of the stomata were conducted by using a light microscope. The results showed that the length and width of stomata were 0.025 mm and 0.017 mm respectively. The stomatal density of the control leaf (174.69 amount/mm2) was lower than the other treated plants. Stomatal size and density has increased with the increasing concentration extracts on treated plants. Water extracts of Gloriosa superba seeds proved the effects on stomatal size and density of treated plants. ]]>
<![CDATA[Expression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase B in Escherichia coli and Its Recovery from Inclusion Body ]]>
<![CDATA[Lalu Rudyat Telly Savalas]]>;
<![CDATA[Prapti Sedijani]]>;
<![CDATA[Saprizal Hadisaputra]]>;
<![CDATA[Jannatin Ardhuha]]>;
<![CDATA[Chomsa Asih Lestari]]>;
<![CDATA[Etty Nurul Wahidah]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.12384
<![CDATA[The present study aims at expressing and partially purifying PtpB in active form. To achieve this, Mtb PtpB gene has been cloned into pET30a vector and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL 21(DE3) under IPTG induction in the form of an inclusion body. Following resolubilization by urea and dialysis, the resulted PtpB has been shown to be active against para-Nitrophenyl phosphate. It is concluded that the resulted PtpB has had been recovered from inclusion body to give the active form of the enzyme, and thus the success in overexpressing PtpB provides the required material to investigate the biochemical properties of the pathogen virulence factor further. ]]>
<![CDATA[Ex situ Conservation Effort through the Inventory of Plant Diversity in Mount Seblat, Bengkulu ]]>
<![CDATA[Imawan Wahyu Hidayat]]>;
<![CDATA[Ikhsan Noviady]]>;
<![CDATA[Yati Nurlaeni]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.9668
<![CDATA[Mount Seblat, as part a of Kerinci Seblat National Park (KSNP), is a pristine and natural mountain, particularly from disturbances and destructions by human activities. Nevertheless, the richness of biological resources especially plant diversity.in this area has not been more explored. The purpose of this study was to conduct an inventory of plant diversity and to determine the plant species composition. The inventory activities were conducted by plants collection along the ascent route. The results were then be maintained through ex situ conservation method in Cibodas Botanical Garden (CBG). The study was conducted by exploratory method, from Seblat Ulu Village (641 m asl) up to altitude of 1,037 m asl. There were 18 points of plant sample observation with an area of 5 x 5 square meters per point. Plant collection obtained 380 specimens. Five groups of most collected plants were Lauraceae (18 species), Rubiaceae (8 species), Anacardiaceae (6 species), Annonaceae (5 species), and Fagaceae (4 species). In order to enrich the plants collection as well as conduct the ex situ conservation effort, plants from Orchidaceae were also collected which resulted in 33 species. These results were an important initial inventory of plant diversity of Mount Seblat, considering that there was no record as well as very limited current information. When the environment disturbance tends to increase, this information may act as a reference and an initial database to develop plants conservation effort and strategy in the future.]]>
<![CDATA[Traditional Knowledge on The Animal Utilization by The Hatam Tribe of Manokwari, West Papua Province ]]>
<![CDATA[Simon Sutarno]]>;
<![CDATA[Ibnul Qayim]]>;
<![CDATA[Ignatius Muhadiono]]>;
<![CDATA[Yohanes Purwanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Ervizal A. M. Zuhud]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.9441
<![CDATA[Animal utilization in traditional community life is an integral part of traditional knowledge itself. This research aims to reveal the Hatam people’s traditional knowledge about the utilization of animals in their lives. The method used is the exploratory survey method. The respondents were determined purposively using the snowball sampling technique. The results showed that there are at least 55 species of animals commonly used by the Hatam people. Based on the forms of utilization, the animals can be divided into six groups: consumption, traditional medicine, specific meanings, traditional technology and arts, significant value, and traditional purposes. Wild animals are most widely used for the living needs of the Hatam people. The traditional hunt that is limited and the communal land ownership system (ulayat system) practiced by the Hatam people have indirectly helped preserve and ensure the availability of wildlife for the Hatam people’s needs. In addition to being a form of documentation of Hatam people’s traditional knowledge, the results of this research also have significance for the development of science especially in the field of ethnozoology. The form of interaction between Hatam people and animals revealed in this research can also serve as a reference for designing development policies related to the presence of Hatam people in the Arfak mountains. ]]>
<![CDATA[Molecular Identification of Endophytic Fungi from Bark of Raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon) that Produce the Antibacterial Compounds ]]>
<![CDATA[Uswatun Hasanah]]>;
<![CDATA[Riwayati Riwayati]]>;
<![CDATA[Idramsa Idramsa]]>;
<![CDATA[Eko Prasetya]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.9424
<![CDATA[The Dipterocarpaceae plant, raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon) is widespread in Southeast Asia. The bark of raru has been used by local communities in North Sumatera as antidiarrheal drugs due to its antibacterial compounds. The antibacterial activity of the raru’s bark is induced by endophytic fungi that live in the region of the bark. This study aimed to identify the endophytic fungi-producer of antibacterial compounds in the bark of raru (C. melanoxylon) by means of molecular analysis. In general, endophytic fungi have the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Thirty-eight isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from the bark of raru. Selection of isolates for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 used the dual culture assay. Selection using the dual culture assay yielded 6 endophytic fungal isolates that have the ability to inhibit the growth of test bacteria. EF10A sample was the most powerful isolate inhibiting the growth of both bacteria test. Those six bacteria molecularly identified used a sequence generated from ITS rDNA region. Based on rDNA ITS region sequences, isolate, the producers of the antibacterial compound were identified as Talaromyces cellulolyticus, Penicillium purpurogenum, Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma harzianum, and Aspergillus orizae. The results of this study can be used by researchers to explore more potential endophytic fungi in raru plants (C. melanoxylon) as a source of medicine. The data obtained need to be supported by further research to isolate the bioactive compounds that can inhibit the growth of microbial pathogens.]]>
<![CDATA[Molecular Characteristics of Batanghari, Tambago, Orange, and Mandiangin Giant Gourami Strains ]]>
<![CDATA[Agus Nuryanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Anatasia Endang Pulungsari]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.12097
<![CDATA[Morphological variations among geographic and can be identified as different species. However, a lot of studies proved that morphological variations are also common in conspecific individuals. Therefore, precise identification using additional characters is vital, such as using a molecular marker. Here, we characterized Batanghari, Tambago, Orange, and Mandiangin gourami strains using the cytochrome b gene to evaluate their taxonomic status. Partial sequences of cytochrome b gene were sequenced for 40 individuals. Taxonomic status was checked for giant gourami sequences available in GenBank. Kimura 2-Parameter genetic distances were calculated in MEGA6 software. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity within population and Φst-value among populations were estimated in Arlequin software. Phylogenetic relationship was reconstructed using the neighbor-joining method in MEGA6 software based on Kimura 2-parameter model with 1000 pseudobootstraps. Taxonomic identification results in 99% sequences homology to Osphronemus goramy sequences (accession number KU984978.1 and AY763768.1), means that all strains belong to single species. Low genetic distances, medium haplotype and low-level nucleotide diversity were observed among strains. Pairwise Φst-comparison indicates no genetic differences among Sumatera strain, whereas strong genetic structures observed between Sumatera and Mandiangin strains. The phylogenetic tree showed that Mandiangin formed separate subclades from other strains with bootstraps value of 100%. This finding has important implication for breeding sciences and efforts.]]>
<![CDATA[In Vitro Callus Induction from Leaf Explants of Vanda sp Stimulated by 2,4-D ]]>
<![CDATA[Iman Budisantoso]]>;
<![CDATA[Nurul Amalia]]>;
<![CDATA[Kamsinah Kamsinah]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.11018
<![CDATA[The addition of growth regulator is one of the critical success factors in in vitro cultures. 2,4-D as a plant regulator in media can stimulate the cell division, enlargement of the explants and promotes the formation and growth of callus. The purpose of this study was to determine the time of callus formation and to determine the best concentration of 2.4-D in inducing the growth of callus from leaf explants of Vanda sp. This research was conducted by experiment with completely randomized design, which consists of six levels of treatment concentration of 2,4-D i.e. 0 ppm; 1 ppm; 1.5 ppm; 2 ppm; 2.5 ppm; and 3 ppm. The parameters observed were the percentage of callus formation and the form of callus from Vanda sp leaf explants. The results were statistically analyzed by using MINITAB program version 17. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed and the difference between means score/value was separated by F test at p 0.05. The results showed that 2,4-D treatment give significant effect (F 5,12 = 3,20; p = 0,046 0,05) on the callus growth time and its percentage. Application of 2 ppm 2.4-D was the best concentration for accelerating the callus growth time (14.3 days after planting) and increasing the percentage of callus formation (83.3%). Most of callus type were proliferative callus (36.11%) and senescence callus (11.11%). The results of this research are very important to grow the callus from Vanda leaves orchid explant because it is very diffucult to grow.]]>
<![CDATA[Immunomodulatory Effectiveness of Aqueous Obat Pahit Extract of Lingga Malay Ethnic on White Rats (Rattus novergicus) ]]>
<![CDATA[Fitmawati Fitmawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Rodesia Mustika Roza]]>;
<![CDATA[Nery Sofiyanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Isnaini Isnaini]]>;
<![CDATA[Febrian Lailatul Fitri]]>;
<![CDATA[Desi Paramita]]>;
<![CDATA[Awal Prichatin Kusumo Dewi]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.10496
<![CDATA[Obat pahit has been generally known and believed by Lingga Malay society as anti-aging agent. However, the study of Obat pahit is not scientifically proven. This research was aimed to prove immunomodulatory ability of Obat pahit potion from Lingga, Riau Archipelago. This study used white rats as an animal modelling, and Staphylococcus aureus as bacteria tester. The rats had been treated with aqueous Obat pahit extract from three TMPs on dose scales of 0.09, 0.18 and 0.27 mL/200g of body weight through oral administration for 7 days. Furthermore, on the 8th days, the experiment animals were injected by the preparation of bacteria tester through intraperitoneal administration in the amount of 0.5 mL/200 gram of body weigth and subsequently incubated for 1 hour after the injection. There were 2 observed parameters on this study, i.e efectivity and capacity of phagocytosis by leukocytes. The observation of leukocytes-phagocytocis activity was carried out by making a smear preparat samples of peritoneum fluid from rats. After the observation under microscope on a magnification of 100 times. The result was obtained the Obat pahit from Kalan PMT swere more effective on dose 2, while from SP4 and Linau TMPs were much more effective on dose 1. It is therefore, using these data of the results, the advanced doses scale of this Obat pahit would not be necessary. Obat pahit potion from Malay Lingga Malay Ethnic could become raw materials of immunomodulatory herbal medicine based on traditional knowledge. It also potentially as a standardized herbal.]]>
