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METANA

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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

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Search results for , issue "Vol 9, No 02 (2013): Desember 2013" : 7 Documents clear

PEMBUATAN ZAT WARNA ALAMI DARI BIJI KESUMBA DALAM BENTUK KONSENTRAT TINGGI UNTUK PEWARNA MAKANAN Paryanto, Paryanto; Hermiyanto, Hermiyanto; Sanjaya, Simon Dicky Surya
METANA Vol 9, No 02 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract The use of synthetic dyes for food in Indonesia reached 88%, this figure is quite alarming considering the health effects of synthetic dyes. So that needs to be made of natural dyes to replace the synthetic dyes. Like the natural pigments bixin of the annatto seed can give a yellow color to red. This study was conducted to determine how to produce natural pigments bixin from annatto seed using extraction process and how the optimum conditions and their application in food.Factors affecting the extraction process among other types of solvents, the size of the material to be extracted, temperature and extraction time, the ratio of material to solvent and stirring speed. Bixin will be degraded when heated and will turn into norbixin when there is excess salt sodium (Na) or potassium (K). Bixin extraction from the seeds annatto using a solvent acetone (CH3COCH3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with variations in concentration, extraction temperature, stirring speed and the ratio of material to solvent. For bixin analysis using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, bixin will produce a maximum absorbance at a wavelength of 470 nm and using FTIR spectrophotometer to determine the group of bixin.The water content in the seeds kesumba is 37% and has a total of 10% bixin content. The optimum conditions of the extraction process of seed kesumba bixin is the type of solventNaOH with a concentration of 0.25 N, extraction temperature of 60 oC, 400 rpm stirring speed and weight of material to solvent ratio 1:20 by weight 2192 mg extract. Keywords: Extraction, bixin, annatto, bixa orellana, sodium hydroxide

RANCANG BANGUN DIGESTER SEMI KONTINYU PADA PRODUKSI BIOGAS DAN PUPUK ORGANIK DARI SAMPAH ORGANIK Ikhsan, Diyono; Handayani, Dwi; Murni, Murni
METANA Vol 9, No 02 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract Production of biogas and organic fertilizer from organic waste is done by creating a semi-continuous digester design is a flat pipe and operate continuously or bait can be inserted periodically every day, and its products can be taken periodically at any time. At the optimum residence time can be designed digester volume corresponding to a certain capacity, the variation ratio of the length and diameter of the pipe, whichever is best for optimum biogas production. Outcomes of the research is a prototype digester flat pipes that can operate semi-continuous along with its performance test. Design semi-continuous digester using pralon pipe diameter of 6 in, with the length of each digester m A = 2, B = 4 m, and C = 6 m, equipped hopper for feeding suspension, bulkhead divider so that biogas does not leak, and the stirrer tank float models. The results showed that the biogas production on day 7 to day 30, there was an increase biogas production sharply, after it approaching constant and up to 60 days tended to decline. In the longer digester (B and C) there are fluctuations in the production of biogas. From the graph the relationship between the capacity of the biogas production time from day 1 to day 60 following polynomial equation with a similar pattern, for the digester with the equation y = A + 2,287x -0,026x2 - 8.577 (RÂ¬2 = 0.966); digester B with the equation y = -0,026x2 2,297x + - 8.683 (R 2 = 0.963); and digester C with equation y = -0,025x2 2,232x + - 8.886 (R 2 = 0.962). Mud coming out at the end of the digester after 30 days was collected and dried as organic fertilizer. Results of laboratory analysis, showed the water content 10.72%, 44.05% organic C content, C / N Ratio 25.70, total P2O5 content of 0.67% and 7.71% N levels. This suggests that these parameters meet the quality standards of organic fertilizers except C / N Ratio greater. But this is not a problem because the levels of organic C and N levels separately meet quality standards. Keywords: digester, biogas, organic fertilizer

DAMPAK PROGRAM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH BERBASIS MASYARAKAT SEBAGAI SALAH SATU PROGRAM CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY BADAK LNG TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN BUDAYA HIJAU (GREEN CULTURE) PADA MASYARAKAT KOTA BONTANG Sunaryo, Busori; Susanti, Pratiwi Rini; Irkham, Agus M
METANA Vol 9, No 02 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract Bontang as a growing municipality continuously develops all aspects of life. One of negative effects of every developingÂ city is the increase in the volume of its community waste. Until July 2011 the daily volume of Bontang waste is at average of 54,41 tonnes or 1.686,81 tonnes in July 2011. The waste issue mismanagement will potentially cause some decreases on the quality ofÂ society health, environmental problems, and economy lost. Badak LNG as a key stakeholder of Bontang City was called to solve this waste management issue. In the frame of Corporate Social Responsibility-CSR program, Badak LNG created a special program which was called â€œA Society-based Plastic Managementâ€ as an alternative. It consists ofÂ a series of programs such asÂ waste bank, training for 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), repacking of carton waste for recycle, and small scale business of waste plastic chopping which now involves 13 groups consisting of 94 members. Based on the empirical study the writer has done, this â€œ Society-Based Plastic Managementâ€ has not only creates products (output) and outcome, but also has created a shared value of green culture towards Bontang community. Key words : Waste, CSR, Green Culture,Plastic chopping small scale business. Â

KONSENTRASI LOGAM BERAT DI PERAIRAN, SEDIMEN DAN BIOTA DENGAN FAKTOR BIOKONSENTRASINYA DI PERAIRAN BATU BELUBANG, KAB. BANGKA TENGAH Wahyuni, Hasti; Sasongko, Setia Budi; Sasongko, Dwi P
METANA Vol 9, No 02 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract Â The reduction of land that used for land-based mining caused the shift of mining from land-based mining to off-shore mining, that used to namedFloating Inkonvensional Mining. This type of mining caused waters quality degradation.This research aimed to analyze Pb, Cd, and Zn content in water, sediment, and biota so that the value of the bio-accumulation factor can beanalyzed.The locations determination was conducted by using purposive random sampling method and the implementation was using GPS Garmin 60 in June 2013. The sea water sampling was using the water sampler, the sediment sampling was using paralon pipe, the plankton sampling was using the plankton-net, the shellfishes sample was collected from the fishermen, and the chavies and squids sample was got from Baganin the waters of Pulau Panjang.The analysis of the metal in water and sediment was refer to the prosedur standard method (APHA, 2005), while the analysis of the heavy metal in the planktons and the tissue of the biota was refer to SNI 2354.5:2011. The content of metal was compared with the quality standard that have been determined.The Cd and Zn content in water was under the sea water quality standard for sea biota. The Pb in the waters have been exceeded the quality standard that have been determined in Kepmen LH no. 51 Tahun 2004.The Pb, Cd, and Zn content in sediment wasÂ lower and far away from the quality sandard that have been determined by Norwegia and Irlandia. The heavy metal content in Anadara granosa, Stolephorus, sp, and Loligo chinensis, gray which were got chaught in the waters of Batu Belubang was lower thanthe national quality standard (SNI 2731.1:2010). The value of bio-concentration factor (BCFs-w) showed that the highest ability of sediment to accumulate Pb was existed in station number 2, i.e. 10,037 l/kg. The value of bio-concentration factor (BCFo-s) showed the plankton ability to accumulate Pb in sediment (1,26) was higher than its ability to accumulate Zn in sediment (1,22), while its ability to accumulate metal in water (BCFo-w) was as high as 8,275 in station number 2. The value of bio-concentration factor (BCFo-s) showed that the shellfish, chavies, and squid ability in accumulating metal in sediment was as high as 0,713; 0,564 and 0,703. The value of bio-accumulation of shellfish in sediment was higher because sediment was the habitat of shellfish.Floating Inkonvensional Mininghave contribution in spreading heavy metal, that was contained in the soil, to the waters. This condition needs supervision to control TI Apung growth in this location so that does not pollute the waters. Kata kunci : Lead(Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Zink (Zn), Water, Sediment,Plankton, Shellfish, Chavies,Squid, Batu Belubang, Floating Inkonvensional Mining, Bio-concentration Factor (BCF). Â

PERANGKAP NYAMUK RAMAH LINGKUNGAN YANG MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN RAGI UNTUK PENGEMBANG BIAKAN KESTABILAN SUHU DENGAN HEAT DETECTOR YANG MENGGUNAKAN NTC ( NEGATIVE TEMPERATURE COEFFISIEN) Enny, Enny
METANA Vol 9, No 02 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract Tool mosquito traps we encounter in our lives, be it in liquid or solid form, but there are some that contain chemicals. In the environment of our lives more and more developing mosquitoes due to less uncontrolled channels substandard and not arranged. And there are many people who use liquid or solid materials containing chemical substances, which can interfere with human comfort In this study makes tools that are environmentally friendly mosquito trap, this tool can be applied in the community, since it is also quite easy, does not require hazardous materials, comparatively simple and fast. With the creation of yeast and sugar solution will cause the fermentation process, where the results of this fermentation process will produce CO2 or carbon dioxide is a chemical compound that is the most interesting mosquitoes come. To control the temperature as well as the results of CO2 gas can develop rapidly so we set it up or put up with a tool such as a series heat detector that uses NTC (Negative Temperature Coeffisien) which can control the temperature ofÂ 25oC-30oC. Thus, the more carbon dioxide, the more mosquitoes were trapped. The results showed that use of the material I :( yeast = 1 gram = 50 grams of brown sugar, water = 250 ml) and material 2 (= 1 g Yeast, Brown sugar: 100gr, water = 250 ml) results are better materials 2 because these materials tend to be attractive / approachable mosquitoes, because the adhesions combined sugar yeast grow better and produce different yeast aroma of material 1 Keywords: mosquito trap, environmentally friendly

POTENSI BIOGAS MELALUI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PADAT PADA PETERNAKAN SAPI PERAH BANGKA BOTANICAL GARDEN PANGKALPINANG Widyastuti, Fianda Revina; Purwanto, Purwanto; Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto
METANA Vol 9, No 02 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract At integrated farming areas Bangka Botanical Garden Pangkalpinang treating some of solid waste mixed with biogas digester will be used as fuel gas stove. Existing conditions in the dairy cattle by using the solid waste with 132 kg / day means at least they still used solid waste of 5 cows, so the biogas produced only 1 m3 / day. This paper is studyng about the energyâ€™s need, economic and environments aspec in solid waste treatment to biogas and also about biogas management to provides the electricity need in the BBG Farm. The study is descriptive. The data have been taken from observation, measurement and interview with the farmer as the informan. Biogas produced can be used as lighting 60-100 watts for 50 hours, the driving source of energy 1 PK for 17 hours, producing 39 kWh electric energy and be able to cook 3 dishes for 40-48 servings. To produce 39.48 kWh / day, it can be used as a source of electrical energy BBG farm that has 35 lights with 25 watts of power which is lit for 12 hours / day. Up for lighting requires 10 kWh / day. For milking machine with 0.55 watts power usage requires 1.1 watts 2 times the rest can be used as a motor to move the water pump, lawn mower and activity classification. The BBG Farm need to increase the efficiency of utilization of biogas digester or biodigester everaging 1 unit abandoned and improve lighting installation connection using biogas. Keywords: biogas,cattle, energy,potential.

KEBERADAAN ANILIN DI SUNGAI CITARUM HULU AKIBAT PENGGUNAAN AZO DYES PADA INDUSTRI TEKSTIL Suhendra, Edward; Purwanto, Purwanto; Kardena, Edwan
METANA Vol 9, No 02 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract The dyeing and printing processes in textile industry produces wastewater containing residual dyes. The most widely used textile dyes are azo dyes. The textile industry is one of the main industries in West Java province, where one of the textile industry centers is Majalaya textile industry center. Majalaya textile industry center had begun since the 1910s, where in Majalaya subdistrict located the most textile companies which produced textile wastewater. Textile wastewater which contained azo dyes discharged into the Citarum Hulu River directly or after treatment in the Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) owned by the company. One of the product metabolites produced from azo dyes biodegradation by bacteria in anaerobic conditions are various anilines. Several anilines which are persistent, could flow to downstream of Citarum Hulu River. Various anilines, referred to as total anilines, could be analyzed by the colorimetric method using visual spectrophotometer. Total anilines in water samples after biodegradation by anaerobic bacteria was 14.46 mg/l highest. While total aniline in river water samples was 3.58 mg/l highest. And at the downstream of Citarum Hulu River, there was total of aniline 1,825 mg/l highest in the river sediment samples. DO in the river water samples were 4.25 - 7.8 mg/l, while pH of the river water samples were 7.1 - 10.7. The occurence of total aniline in textile wastewater and river water samples in Citarum Hulu River (Majalaya subdistrict) and in river sediments at the downstream of Citarum Hulu indicated biodegradation of azo dyes from textile wastewater by anaerobic bacteria. Key words : Citarum Hulu River, textile wastewater, azo dyes, total aniline

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