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Bioscience
Published by Universitas Negeri Padang
ISSN : 2614669X     EISSN : 2579308X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology
Bioscience ISSN 2579-308X (Electronic) ISSN: 2614-669X (Print) is peer-reviewed journal and scientific journal publish by Universitas Negeri Padang. The aim of this journal is to publish articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of biology. Scope of this journal is ;Environmental Biology; Genetics and Biotechnology; Biology of Function; Systematics, Structure and Development.
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Articles 8 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 5, No 2 (2021): Biology" : 8 Documents clear
Identification of fungi in biogas mixed with buffalo dung and leaf onion waste (Allium cepa L.) Mei Niarti; Irdawati Irdawati; Moralita Chatri; Des M Des
Bioscience Vol 5, No 2 (2021): Biology
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/0202152106831-0-00

Abstract

Biogas is a gas produced from the decomposition process of organic materials by microorganisms in anaerobic conditions. Waste of red onion (Allium cepa L.) and buffalo dung contain organic substances and nutrients that can be used as biogas. The purpose of this study was to identify fungi in biogas mixed with buffalo dung with scallion waste (Allium cepa L.).The study was conducted from April to September 2019 in the Microbiology Laboratory and Integrated Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University. This research is a descriptive study by observing macroscopic and microscopic characters as a basis for identification produced by fungi in buffalo dung biogas (Pariaman, West Sumatra) and onion leaf waste from Alahan Panjang, West Sumatra.The results of this study obtained 5 genus of fungi on biogas substrate from a mixture of buffalo dung with scallion waste (Allium cepa L.) including: Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Candida, Mucor and Humicolla. Biogas adalah gas yang dihasilkan dari proses penguraian bahan-bahan organik oleh mikroorganisme dalam keadaan anaerob. Limbah daun bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) dan kotoran kerbau mengandung zat organik dan unsur hara yang dapat dijadikan sebagai biogas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi jamur pada biogas campuran kotoran kerbau dengan limbah daun bawang merah (Allium cepa L.). Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan April sampai bulan September 2019 di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan Laboratorium Penelitian Terpadu Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Negeri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan mengamati karakter makroskopis dan  mikroskopis  sebagai dasar identifikasi yang dihasilkan oleh jamur pada biogas kotoran kerbau (Pariaman, sumatera barat ) dan limbah daun bawang merah dari alahan panjang, sumatera barat. Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh 5 genus jamur  pada substrat biogas dari campuran kotoran kerbau dengan limbah daun bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) diantaranya yaitu: Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Candida, Mucor dan Humicolla.
Effect of SNEDDS (self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system) kawista leaf aqueous extract (Limonia acidissima L.) on body and organ weight of Rats Giriani Ayu Sabilla; Slamet Widiyanto
Bioscience Vol 5, No 2 (2021): Biology
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/0202152113065-0-00

Abstract

SNEDDS (Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) is a pharmacological method that can increase the bioavailability of a drug. Kawista leaf aqueous extract contains secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. SNEDDS preparation of kawista leaf aqueous extract has not been reported on its effect on body weight and organs of rats. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of SNEDDS preparation of kawista leaf aqueous extract on body weight, liver and kidney weight of Rattus norvegicus in acute toxicity testing using the OECD 423 method. Data on body weight and organ weight of the liver and kidneys of female white rats of the Wistar strain were obtained during toxicity testing by acute OECD method 423. In this test, rats were divided into 3 treatment groups,namely control, SNEDDS, and SNEDDS of kawista leaf aqueous extract, with a total of 5 rats per treatment. The test was carried out in 2 terms of dosing according to OECD 423, wherein the second term the amount of the dose given was determined from the data on the response of the test animals to the dosage of the preparations in the first term. The results were analyzed using One Way ANOVA followed with Duncan. The results showed that the SNEDDS preparation of kawista leaf aqueous extract did not affect the body weight or the weight of the liver and kidneys of rats which was indicated from the statistical test results that there was no significant difference between treatments. This study conclude that SNEDDS preparation of kawista leaf aqueous extract did not affect the body weight or liver and kidney organs of rats.SNEDDS (Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System) merupakan metode  yang dapat meningkatkan bioavailabilitas suatu obat. Ekstrak air daun kawista mengandung metabolit sekunder berupa flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin. Sediaan SNEDDS ekstrak air daun kawista belum dilaporkan pengaruhnya terhadap berat badan dan organ tubuh tikus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh sediaan SNEDDS ekstrak air daun kawista terhadap bobot badan, bobot hati dan bobot ginjal Rattus norvegicus pada uji toksisitas akut menggunakan metode OECD 423. Data bobot badan dan bobot organ hati dan ginjal tikus putih betina galur Wistar diperoleh selama pengujian toksisitas dengan metode OECD akut 423. Pada pengujian ini tikus dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kontrol, SNEDDS, dan SNEDDS ekstrak air daun kawista, dengan jumlah tikus per perlakuan sebanyak 5 ekor. Pengujian dilakukan dalam 2  dosis menurut OECD 423, dimana  jumlah dosis kedua yang diberikan ditentukan dari data respon hewan uji terhadap dosis pertama. Hasil dianalisis menggunakan One Way ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sediaan SNEDDS ekstrak air daun kawista tidak berpengaruh terhadap bobot badan atau bobot hati dan ginjal tikus yang ditunjukkan dari hasil uji statistik tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar perlakuan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sediaan SNEDDS ekstrak air daun kawista tidak berpengaruh terhadap bobot badan, hati dan ginjal tikus.
Types of birds in oil palm plantation areas west pasaman district Hafizha Ihsan; Ramadhan Sumarmin
Bioscience Vol 5, No 2 (2021): Biology
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/0202152107162-0-00

Abstract

Birds that are members of vertebrate animals (vertebrates) that have feathers and wings, this taxonomic animal belongs to the Aves class. Birds have important roles in ecosystems, among others, as pollinators, seed dispersers, and pest control. Biodiversity in areas determined by habitat and level of human activity, as well as various species of birds in homogeneous forest areas such as oil palm. This research was conducted in January 2019 until May 2019, using the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) and Point Count method which was conducted in 3 observation sessions (morning, afternoon, evening). The research data will be presented in tabular form and analyzed descriptively. The results obtained are 3 species of birds in the area of oil palm plantations, namely Cekakak Shrub (Halcyon smyrnensis), Tekukur (Streptopelia chinensis), and Large Lathe (Centropus sinensis). Burung adalah anggota vertebrata yang memiliki bulu dan sayap, termasuk dalam Kelas Aves. Burung memiliki peran penting dalam ekosistem sebagai penyerbuk, penyebar benih, dan pengendalian hama. Keanekaragaman hayati di kawasan tersebut ditentukan oleh habitat dan tingkat aktivitas manusia, serta berbagai jenis burung di kawasan hutan homogen seperti kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Mei 2019, dengan menggunakan metode Visual Encounter Survey (VES) dan Point Count dalam 3 waktu pengamatan (pagi, siang, dan sore). Total hanya 3 jenis burung yang ditemukan di daerah penelitian, yaitu Semak Cekakak (Halcyon smyrnensis), Tekukur (Streptopelia chinensis), dan Bubut Besar (Centropus sinensis).
Study of orchid resistance induced by Ceratorhiza sp. against ORSV infection based on peroxidase activity Anggi Anggreiny; Tundjung Tripeni Handayani; Mahfut Mahfut
Bioscience Vol 5, No 2 (2021): Biology
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/0202152112960-0-00

Abstract

Orchid is one of the popular ornamental plants that widely grown in Indonesia. However, the process of orchid cultivation is often hampered by virus infections. The virus that often infects the orchids is Odontoglossum ringspot virus. Viruses that enter orchid cells and replicate will activate the orchid’s defense response. This defense response is characterized by the increase of peroxidase activity. The peroxidase enzyme works in the formation of lignin to thicken cell walls and prevent viruses from entering other cells. In addition, the orchid defense response can also be activated through induced systemic resistance by inoculation of Ceratorhiza sp. as endophytic mycorrhizae. In this study, Factorial Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used with 2 factors. Factor 1 is the type of orchid (Phalaenopsis amabilis and Dendrobium discolor) and factor 2 is the type of treatment (inoculation of mycorrhizae, virus, and mycorrhizae-virus). The orchid’s resistance level is determined by the analysis results of peroxidase activity using spectrophotometer. The results obtained indicate that all treatment combinations strongly influence the increase of peroxidase activity. Peroxidase activity of Phalaenopsis amabilis is 1.42 [(Umg) / min] and Dendrobium discolor is 1.64 [(Umg) / min] in average. Peroxidase activity on Dendrobium discolor was higher than on Phalaenopsis amabilis. This indicates that Dendrobium discolor has a higher level of resistance when compared to Phalaenopsis amabilis.Proses budidaya anggrek seringkali terkendala oleh infeksi virus. Adapun virus yang paling banyak menginfeksi anggrek adalah ORSV. Virus yang masuk ke dalam sel anggrek dan bereplikasi akan mengaktifkan respon pertahanan anggrek. Respon pertahanan ini ditandai dengan peningkatan aktivitas peroksidase. Respon pertahanan anggrek juga dapat diaktifkan melalui induksi resistensi sistemik dengan inokulasi Ceratorhiza sp. sebagai mikoriza endofit. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah jenis anggrek (Phalaenopsis amabilis dan Dendrobium discolor) dan faktor kedua adalah jenis perlakuan (inokulasi mikoriza, virus, dan mikoriza virus). Tingkat ketahanan anggrek ditentukan dari hasil analisis aktivitas peroksidase menggunakan spektrofotometer. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa semua kombinasi perlakuan sangat berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan aktivitas peroksidase. Aktivitas peroksidase Phalaenopsis amabilis rata-rata 1,42 [(U/mg)/ menit] dan Dendrobium discolor 1,64 [(U/mg)/ menit]. Aktivitas peroksidase pada Dendrobium discolor lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan Phalaenopsis amabilis. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Dendrobium discolor memiliki tingkat ketahanan yang lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan Phalaenopsis amabilis.
Microstructure of kase fish scale (Thryssa dussumieri Valenciennes, 1848) (Engraulidae) Fitri Nurhidayati; Abdul Razak
Bioscience Vol 5, No 2 (2021): Biology
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/0202152106584-0-00

Abstract

Kase fish (Thryssa dussumieri Valenciennes, 1848) is one of small pelagic fish from family engarulidae dan genus Thryssa. There is no information about microstructure of Kase fish scale yet. Generally, microstucture of fish scale consist of circulii, radii, focus, tubercle and lepidont. This study aims to identify scale  microstructure of  Kase fish. Sample of fish is taken in Padang beach waters. Fish scale was taken from bottom part of dorsal fin dan lateralis linear. Scale was cleaned by using KOH 5% during 10 menit. Scale was put into alkohol 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% during 1 hour. After that, scale was dried before observed by usin Scanning Microscope Electron (SEM). Observation about scale microstructure of Kase fish centered to focus, anterior field and posterior field. Observation using 1000x , and 15000x zoom. Characteristic that is obsversed consist of shape of scale fish, focus, circulii, tubercle, anterior margin, ctenii and lepidont. The research result show that, based on it’s shape Kase fish scale is included to cycloid type with circular cordate subtype. In the anterior and posterior field are the circuli that compose intersiculus space. Circuli are bounded radii. In the circuli are also lepidont. The anterior and lateral margin of the scales are smooth. In the scales posterior field are tubercles and there is no stenii. The posterior margin are crenate.Ikan Kase (Thryssa dussumieri Valenciennes, 1848) merupakan salah satu ikan pelagis kecil dari famili engarulidae dan genus Thryssa. Belum ada informasi mengenai struktur mikro sisik ikan Kase. Secara umum struktur mikro sisik ikan terdiri dari sirkuli, jari-jari, fokus, tuberkulum dan lepidont. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi struktur mikro skala ikan Kase. Sampel ikan diambil di perairan pantai Padang. Sisik ikan diambil dari bagian bawah sirip punggung dan lateral linier. Kerak dibersihkan dengan menggunakan KOH 5% selama 10 menit. Timbangan dimasukkan ke dalam alkohol 30%, 50%, 70%, dan 90% selama 1 jam. Kerak  dikeringkan sebelum diamati dengan menggunakan Scanning Microscope Electron (SEM). Pengamatan struktur mikro sisik ikan Kase berpusat pada fokus, bidang anterior dan bidang posterior. Pengamatan menggunakan 1000x, dan zoom 15000x. Ciri-ciri yang diamati terdiri dari bentuk sisik, fokus, sirkuli, tuberkel, tepi anterior, ctenii dan lepidont. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan bentuknya sisik ikan Kase termasuk tipe cycloid dengan subtipe cordate melingkar. Pada bidang anterior dan posterior terdapat sirkulus yang membentuk ruang intersiculus. Lingkaran adalah jari-jari yang dibatasi. Di sirkuli juga ada lepidont. Margin anterior dan lateral sisik halus. Pada bidang posterior sisik terdapat tuberkel dan tidak ada stenii. Margin posterior berbentuk crenate.
Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria in fermented sweet corn (Zea mays l) as antibacterial Rosario Trijuliamos Manalu; Amelia Febriani; S. Syamsinar
Bioscience Vol 5, No 2 (2021): Biology
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/0202152113708-0-00

Abstract

Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) is a staple food that is known to produce Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) during the fermentation process, LAB is a probiotic bacterium that can produce antimicrobial components. This study aims to examine the characteristics and antibacterial activity of LAB sweet corn against Escherchia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.The study was conducted by isolating LAB from corn fermentation spontaneously which then tested the characteristics of the isolates obtained and tested for antibacterial activity. From the isolation results 3 isolates were obtained, namely FJM 1, FJM 2 and FJM 3 with morphological characteristics of rod-shaped and Gram-positive cells and biochemical test results; negative catalase, citrate, indole, motility, VP and positive TSIA. The results of antibacterial activity tests on E. coli were obtained respectively at 14.18 mm, 12.38 mm and 11.18 mm and S. aureus respectively at 13.05 mm, 11.12 mm and 10.35 mm. All three isolates had strong category antibacterial activity. Jagung manis (Zea mays L.) adalah makanan pokok yang diketahui menghasilkan Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) selama proses fermentasi, BAL merupakan suatu bakteri probiotik yang dapat menghasilkan komponen antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji karakteristik dan aktivitas antibakteri BAL jagung manis terhadap Escherchia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengisolasi BAL dari fermentasi jagung secara spontan yang kemudian diuji karakteristik dari isolat yang didapatkan serta diuji aktivitas antibakterinya. Dari hasil isolasi didapatkan 3 isolat yaitu FJM 1, FJM 2 dan FJM 3 dengan karakteristik morfologi sel berbentuk batang dan Gram positif serta hasil uji biokimia; katalase, sitrat, indol, motilitas, Vp negatif dan TSIA positif. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap E. coli didapatkan berturut sebesar 14,18 mm, 12,38 mm dan 11,18 mm dan S. aureus berturut sebesar 13,05 mm, 11,12 mm dan 10,35 mm. Ketiga isolat memiliki aktivitas antibakteri kategori kuat.
Ethnobotany plants as traditional food additives in buffalo curry in pasar terandam village, barus district, central tapanuli regency Erwina Simanullang; Moralita Chatri; Resti Fevria; Des M. M.
Bioscience Vol 5, No 2 (2021): Biology
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/0202152109798-0-00

Abstract

People in Pasar Terandam Village still use plants as food additives. However, research has never been carried out, so that it has not been recorded and has not been listed. If not inventoried and cultivated, the plant can be lost or extinct. This study aims to determine the plants, -plant organs, plant status, and how to use them as traditional food additives in buffalo meat curry in Pasar Terandam Village, Barus District, Central Tapanuli Regency. This research was conducted from April to May 2020 using a survey method through observation and interviews. The results showed that 19 species from 15 families were used by the community of Pasar Terandam Village as traditional food additives to buffalo meat curry. Parts of plant organs used are tubers, leaves, stems, seeds, fruits, skins, and rhizomes. These plants is processed by cooking, pulverizing / mashed, pounded, cut, shredded, roasted and boiled. The community obtains these plants by cultivating seven species around the house or in the garden and buying them in markets or stalls for 12 species.Masyarakat di Desa Pasar Terandam masih banyak menggunakan tumbuhan sebagai bahan tambahan pangan. Namun, belum pernah dilakukan penelitian sehingga belum terdata dan belum terinventaris. Kalau tidak diinventaris dan dibudidayakan maka tumbuhan itu bisa hilang atau punah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tumbuhan yang digunakan, bagian organ tumbuhan, status tumbuhan dan cara pemanfaatannyasebagai bahan tambahan pangan tradisional pada gulai kerbau di Desa Pasar Terandam Kecamatan Barus Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April sampai Mei 2020 menggunakan metode survei melalui observasi dan wawancara.Hasil penelitian didapatkan 19 species dari 15 familia yang digunakan masyarakat Desa Pasar Terandam sebagai tambahan pangan tradsional pada gulai kerbau. Bagian organ tumbuhan yang digunakan adalah umbi, daun, batang, biji, buah, kulit, dan rimpang. Cara penggunaanya yaitu dengan dimasak, diuleg/dihaluskan, ditumbuk, dipotong, diparut, disangrai dan direbus.Masyarakat memperoleh tumbuhan tersebut dengan cara membudidayakan di sekitar rumah atau di kebun sebanyak 7 specises dan membelinya di pasar atau warung sebanyak 12 species.
In vitro analysis: inhibitory effect of Phyllanthus niruri extract against Aeromonas salmonicida Sefti Heza Dwinanti; Maya Anggita Savacka; Ade Dewi Sasanti
Bioscience Vol 5, No 2 (2021): Biology
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/0202152109548-0-00

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to explore effectiveness from every part of Phyllanthus niruri such as leaves (L), fruits (F), stem (S) and combination (C) of those parts that able to inhibit Aeromonas salmonicida growth by using different methods of extraction both infundation and maceration. Experiments has been done at Budidaya Perairan Laboratory, Sriwijaya University. In vitro analysis used tetracycline 30 µg/ml as positive control, bacterial culture at 1014 CFU/ml and concentration of each part of stone breaker was 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. The result revealed that stone breaker extract produced by infundation and maceration methods exhibited inhibitory activity against A.salmonicida. Moreover, only maceration method had bactericidal effect, in fact fruits (F) and combination (C) was the best part of P. niruri which had higher inhibition zone than control (antibiotics). It was 16,9 mm and 17,3 mm respectively. However, the extracts are recommended to cure aeromonad infection due to bacterial resistance of tetracycline already increase. Thus, some extraction methods are needed to be developed for further research with minimum inhibition zone is 20 mm.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas setiap bagian Phyllanthus niruri seperti daun (L), buah (F), batang (S) dan kombinasi (C) yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Aeromonas salmonicida menggunakan metode yang berbeda, ekstraksi infundasi maupun maserasi. Percobaan telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Budidaya Perairan Universitas Sriwijaya. Analisis in vitro menggunakan tetra siklin 30 g/ml sebagai kontrol positif, kultur bakteri pada 1014 CFU/ml dan konsentrasi masing-masing ekstrak adalah 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% dan 100%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak yang dihasilkan dengan metode infundasi dan maserasi menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan terhadap A.salmonicida. Selain itu, hanya metode maserasi yang memiliki efek bakterisidal, ternyata buah (F) dan kombinasi (C) merupakan bagian terbaik dari  P. niruri yang memiliki zona hambat lebih tinggi daripada kontrol (antibiotik). Masing-masing 16,9 mm dan 17,3 mm. Namun, ekstrak tersebut direkomendasikan untuk menyembuhkan infeksi aeromonad karena resistensi bakteri terhadap tetra siklin sudah meningkat. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikembangkan beberapa metode ekstraksi untuk penelitian selanjutnya dengan zona hambat minimal 20 mm.

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