International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS)
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) is an interdisciplinary journal that publishes material on all aspects of public health science. This IJPHS provides the ideal platform for the discussion of more sophisticated public health research and practice for authors and readers world wide. The priorities are originality and excellence. The journal welcomes high-impact articles on emerging public health science that covers (but not limited) to epidemiology, biostatistics, nutrition, family health, infectious diseases, health services research, gerontology, child health, adolescent health, behavioral medicine, rural health, chronic diseases, health promotion, evaluation and intervention, public health policy and management, health economics, occupational health and environmental health.
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<![CDATA[An Assessment of Health-Economic Burden of Obesity Trends with Population-Based Preventive Strategies in a Developed Economy ]]>
<![CDATA[Prerna Bhasin]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 6, No 2: June 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v6i2.6642
<![CDATA[The burden of obesity varies with age, ethnicity, socio-economic status and state economies. All new projections should hence accommodate population ageing, and other population changes such as immigration, health-care system reform, or technological advances for disease treatment for a comprehensible assessment of global burden. The unfordable and expensive nature for reversing the obesity tide arises from policies developed to combat obesity. Most of these approaches aim at bringing the problem under control, rather than affecting a cure, and obviously require a multi-disciplinary and intensive regimen. Prevention is the only feasible option and is essential for all affected countries. Yet it is not simple to have population based UK-wide strategic framework for tackling obesity. Besides existence of multiple layers of governance, there are clear demarcations between targets in diet; nutrition and physical activity level between regions some of which are not realistic. Population based approaches target policies and process, aiming for a transition towards healthy population diets, activity levels and weight status. It is essential to understand these aspects differ culturally and between and within countries. There are still no clear and appropriate answers about answer when, where, why, and, how costs accrue in obese populations, further long term commitments are required for the same. Most population-based prevention policies are cost effective, largely paying for themselves through future health gains and resulting reductions in health expenditures. Therefore these prevention programs should be high on the scientific and political agendas.]]>
<![CDATA[Sugar Sweetened Beverages Consumption among University Students of Bangladesh ]]>
<![CDATA[Munmun Shabnam Bipasha]]>;
<![CDATA[Tahsin Sharmila Raisa]]>;
<![CDATA[Shatabdi Goon]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 6, No 2: June 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v6i2.6635
<![CDATA[Drinking large amounts of sugary beverages can increase the risk of gaining weight and developing Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and other metabolic diseases. This study examined the preference, prevalence and pattern of sugar sweetened beverages consumption among university students of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was carried out from February to April, 2017 among students attending in a private university of Bangladesh. One hundred fifty undergraduates responded (83.4% male, 15.9% female) in this study. Most students (95.4%) reported sugared beverage intake and 53.6% reported more than two days in a week intake. Male students were more likely than female students to report regular sugary beverages intake (85.4% vs. 14.5%). The main reasons for fast food consumption were: good taste and refreshing (80.1%), cost effective (6.6%), easy accessibility (2.6%), increased convenience (8.6%), peer influence (1.3%). Good taste and price were the most important factors in choosing beverages. Coca-Cola (49%), Fanta (25.8%), Sprite(9.9%) and Slice(14.6%) has been reported as mostly consumed beverages among students. Most students (54.5%) reported sugary beverages purchase from neighborhood convenient stores. 94.5% students said that if they would provide with healthful beverages within their food environment, they would prefer drinking healthful beverages (lemon water, non-sugary beverages) instead of sugar beverages. Self-reported sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among undergraduates is substantial and likely contributes considerable non-nutritive calories, which may contribute to weight gain. Specific health education programs, dietary guidelines and effective public awareness campaigns could be initiated to address the unhealthy drinking pattern of university students and improve their health.]]>
<![CDATA[Hippocampal Brain Derived Neurothropic Factor Levels in Response to Anaerobic Physical Exercises ]]>
<![CDATA[Mohammad Zulkarnain]]>;
<![CDATA[Rostika Flora]]>;
<![CDATA[Juliastuti Juliastuti]]>;
<![CDATA[Anita Apriany]]>;
<![CDATA[Dewi Pujiana]]>;
<![CDATA[Septi Andrianti]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 6, No 2: June 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v6i2.6643
<![CDATA[Anaerobic physical exercise does not only improve body fitness, but it also increases cognitive functions. The increase of cognitive functions is mediated by the increase of Brain Derived Neurothropic Factor (BDNF) level. Several studies revealed that anaerobic physical exercise can increase the BDNF level inhippocampal tissues. However, it is still questionable whether or notthe frequency of exercise influences the production of BDNF inhippocampal tissues. This study was to find out the BDNF mean level inhippocampal tissue of Wistarrats which were treated with anaerobic physical exercises conducted in different frequencies.This study used post test only control groupdesign. The research subject was 28 rats of Rattusnorvegicus strain wistar divided into 4 groups; 1 control group and 3 treatment groups (one-time, three-time, and five times a week treatment). The anaerobic physical exercise used animal treadmill running in the speed of 35m/min for 20 minutes at four-minute intervals. The mean levels of BDNF were increased in all treatment groups compared with control group (151.588 vs 57.059). The highest mean level of hippocampal tissue BDNF was found in the treatment group of three times a week (177.701). There was a significant difference in BDNF mean levels of Wistar rat brain tissues among the treatment groups.]]>
<![CDATA[Socio-Cultural Factors Influencing Uptake of Skilled Childbirth Services among Women in Kaiti Division, Makueni District (Kenya) ]]>
<![CDATA[Anthony Wambua Mathulu]]>;
<![CDATA[Benard Wambua Mbithi]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 6, No 2: June 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v6i2.6638
<![CDATA[Each year, over 500,000 women die from the complications of pregnancy and child birth, almost all of them in the developing countries. This trend can be addressed by increasing the rates of skilled care during childbirth. This study therefore sought to establish the socio-cultural factors influencing uptake of skilled childbirth care which has remained low in Kaiti Division. The researchers applied a descriptive cross-sectional study design which involved women of childbearing age (15-49 years). The study was conducted in March 2010 and had a sample size of 246 women which was randomly selected from the estimated target population of 12,077. The researchers applied both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The tests of significance employed included Fisher’s exact test, chi-square, test and logistic regression. The study established that the proportion of women attended to by the skilled attendant within various age cohorts was higher (58.9%) amongst the youth/adolescent (15-24 years) (P-value = 0.091> 0.05, c2 10.915 df 6).). Skilled attendance declined among the grand-multiparas (para4 and above) from 7.7% in Para 4-5 to 2% in Para 6+ (P-value = .000<0.05, c2 34.888 df 3; Para 1(p =0.000, OR 28.391), Para 2-3 (p =0.000, OR 7.564), Para 4-5(p=0.030, OR 3.493) Further findings indicated that the principal decision maker (46.7%) on type of assistant in the last delivery was the woman (P-value = 0.000 <0.05, c2 56.076 df 5). However, the husband was the leading (39.5%) decision maker in use of a skilled assistant in the last delivery (p=0.000, OR 15.667). More than two thirds (70.7%) of the respondents who performed a ceremony prayed for safe delivery in their last delivery. The study concluded that women’s parity, decision making and religion were significant in use of skilled childbirth services.]]>
<![CDATA[Indicators of Husband's Role in Pregnancy and Maternity Care ]]>
<![CDATA[Apik Indarty Moedjiono]]>;
<![CDATA[Kuntoro Kuntoro]]>;
<![CDATA[Hari Basuki Notobroto]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 6, No 2: June 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v6i2.6181
<![CDATA[The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in developing countries is still a major health problem, including in Indonesia. Antenatal Care (ANC), delivery with skilled birth attendance (SBA) at the time of delivery and delivery in institutional are universally considered important for reducing maternal mortality. Husbands can play a crucial role in pregnancy and childbirth. Therefore, the aim of this study was analyze the indicators of husband's role in pregnancy and maternity care which were suspected as one of the determinants of ANC and SBA use in Polewali Mandar Regency. The population of this prospective cohort study was all married and pregnant woman, before using contraceptives and contraceptive failure or not using contraception and pregnancy is planned, unplanned pregnancy or mistimed pregnancy in Polewali Mandar 2015 (Size of sample = 100). Samples were randomly selected from participants of screening in 12 sub-districts in Polewali Mandar. Data about husband's role in pregnancy and maternity care was obtained through interviews using a structured questionnaire data processing by using SMART-PLS. The result of data analysis suggested that the coefficient value that has been standardized from each indicator were as follows: accessibility = 0.944 and engagement = 0.954, dan responsibility = 0.968. Indicators of organizational support in implementing Maternal and Child Health Information System at Polewali Mandar Regency, respectively from the most important are: responsibility, engagement, and accessibility.]]>
<![CDATA[Impact of Dysmenorrhea and Health-seeking Behavior among Female Adolescents ]]>
<![CDATA[Erni Gustina]]>;
<![CDATA[Sitti Nur Djannah]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 6, No 2: June 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v6i2.6644
<![CDATA[Dysmenorrhea is one of common health problems to occur during menstrual period and influences women life quality. The aim of the study is to know the effect of dysmenorrhea and health-seeking behavior to teenage girl. This study belongs to observation analytic using cross sectional design. The sample is girls, which is as many as 188, at the age of 15 to 19. The data are taken through questionnaire containing several questions, such as age of the respondents, age of menarche, effect dysmenorrhea, attitude on dysmenorrhea, and health-seeking behavior. Bivariate analysis is used Chi Square test. The Prevalence of dysmenorrhea is 68.8%. The effect of dysmenorrhea to girls include the absence from school (9.6%), sleep disorders (25%), decreased appetite (25.5%), inability to do exercise (19.7%), and daily activity disruptions (9.6%). There was relationship between the attitude on dysmenorrhea and health-seeking behavior of female adolescents (p=0.029). Adolescents with positive attitude about menstrual problems will develop good health-seeking behavior during menstrual period compared to those who have negative attitude. The needs to design reproduction health program as well as updating the information to create girls awareness on their health management during dysmenorrhea are necessary.]]>
<![CDATA[Motivation as Mediator between Family Support to the Readiness of Pregnant Woman in Exclusive Breastfeeding ]]>
<![CDATA[Sri Mulyani]]>;
<![CDATA[A. A. Subiyanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Sapja Anantanyu]]>;
<![CDATA[Supriyadi Heri Respati]]>;
<![CDATA[Budiyanti Wiboworini]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 6, No 2: June 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v6i2.7638
<![CDATA[The success of the implementation of exclusive breastfeeding in the community is depend on the readiness of pregnant mothers in exclusive breastfeeding. This readiness is influenced by several factors including motivation and support exclusive breastfeeding by family. This study aimed to examine the empirical model that shows the motivational role as mediators of the relationship between family support of readiness pregnant mothers in exclusive breastfeeding. Cross-sectional study performed on pregnant women in Surakarta. A sample of 150 respondents mother in her first time pregnancy. The closed questionnaire of Likert scale developed to measure three variables of the study. Path analysis procedure used to test the hypothesis of motivational role as mediator relations between two other variables. The results showed that all three variables had a significant relation (p <0.001). The relationship between family support to readiness pregnant women after entering motivation as covariates remained significant but decreased significantly path coefficient (β = 0.365; p <0.001 becomes β = 0.260; p = 0.001). Thus the motivation become a mediator relationship with the family support of readiness pregnant mothers in exclusive breastfeeding.]]>
<![CDATA[Improving Disaster Risk Reduction Preparedness and Resilience Approaches in Emergency Response Interventions in African Countries ]]>
<![CDATA[Ernest Tambo]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 6, No 2: June 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v6i2.6031
<![CDATA[Increasing globalization, increasing intense urbanization and climate changes have been linked to communities’ hazards and disasters vulnerabilities reported across Africa. Less data and information are documented on national to community disaster risk workforce readiness and resilience capacity in emergency humanitarian crises interventions. The lack of coherent and integrated disaster risk analysis and preparedness, response and recovery programs implementation is a major challenged in the region for decades. This paper highlights natural and man-made emergency hazards and disasters nature and exposure, potential approaches in Africa context. Our findings showed that man-made disasters events were the most documented, uneven in their nature, pattern and trend of occurrence and exposure consequences over time. Emerging and re-emerging outbreaks (Cholera, Polio, HIV, Ebola, Influenza, Rift Valley fever and Meningitis) were the most common, followed by conflicts and hunger, floods and land-sliding disproportionately spread across Africa. We also documented differential inadequacies in effective community risk assessment to emergency management, weak community disaster risk knowledge and attitudes to poorly integrated mitigation and recovery strategies. Leveraging on digital and social media network platforms advances coupled with existing fire, emergency facilities and proven effective hazard/disaster response lessons learnt and experiences are resources in strengthening laboratory capacity and laboratory networks, scaling up proactive displaced people/refugee security and safety standards support and best practice. Strengthening the national Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SDRRF) stewardship and investment (2015-2030) implementation is crucial in improving evidence-based, robust, and effective disaster risk reduction (DRR) community-based programs, in ensuring emergency public health readiness and resilient response capacities and ownership strategies in Africa.]]>
<![CDATA[Spotlight on Neuroimmunology: Illustrations from Neurodegenerative Diseases ]]>
<![CDATA[Abdelaziz Ghanemi]]>;
<![CDATA[Besma Boubertakh]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 6, No 2: June 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v6i2.6645
<![CDATA[The immune system plays key roles in the defense of the organism. However, the effects of the immune system are not limited to the immune functions and have impacts beyond the anti-pathogenes role. Indeed, neuroimmunology is a representative field of how the immune system affects non-immune biological and physio-pathological functions. Herein, we have selected a number of neurodegenerative diseases as illustrative examples to put a spotlight on this important field. Importantly, clarifying the links and interactions between the immune system and the nervous system represents key elements for the understanding neurodegenerative diseases since it will lead to new theories about the pathogenesis and the mechanisms underlying the related processes and thus, provide us with new data and novel tools to both describe the related pathways and develop new therapeutic approaches as well as diagnostic approaches and research methodologies based on such new discoveries.]]>
<![CDATA[Cigarette Smoking Habits among University Students: Prevalence and Associated Factors ]]>
<![CDATA[Junaid Jamshed]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Mushtaq Khan]]>;
<![CDATA[Zahid Latif]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 6, No 2: June 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v6i2.6640
<![CDATA[Smoking is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and is estimated to kill 5 million people each year worldwide. If current patterns of tobacco consumption continue, smoking will kill more than 8 million people each year globally by the year 2030, with 80% of these deaths in the developing countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of cigarette smoking among male university students in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 542 male students at University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir in Muzaffarabad from July to December 2015. The socio-demographic characteristics and cigarette smoking behavior of the students were measured by using a standardized pre-tested self-administrated validated questionnaire in English. The overall prevalence of cigarette smoking among students was found to be 49.4%. The mean age of starting cigarette smoking was 19.2 2.73 years. Age, marital status and education were found significantly associted with cigarette smoking behavior (p-value<0.05). The most common reason for cigarette smoking was stress alleviation (35.0%) followed by peer pressure (24.5%). As cigarette smoking is considerably higher among students. There is a need to develop effective tobacco control measures among university students in Muzaffarabad.]]>
