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The awareness of blindness related to misuse of illicit liquor containing methanol: A community study Indra Tri Mahayana; Tatang Talka Gani; Suhardjo Pawiroranu
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 1, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Methanol is a cheap organic solvent and additive in the production of illicit liquors. There are many recorded incidences in Indonesia regarding methanol intoxication induced visual loss. We aimed to investigate the level of awareness of liquor-containing methanol misuse in the community related to its hazard of visual loss. Participants were recruited from 3 primary health care units which represent the population of rural communities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia and then divided into two groups: drinkers (cases) and nondrinkers (control). The participants answered closed questions in a questionnaire about knowledges related to the misuse of illicit liquor. Forty participants (mean age: 39.8 ± 13.39) completed the questionnaires. There were 40% and 60% of participants who reside in the city and suburbs; their education levels were 2.5%, 12.5%, 30%, 35%, and 7.5% for uneducated, elementary, junior, senior high school, and undergraduate, respectively. There were 6 drinker and 34 nondrinker participants (sex difference p <0.001). Only 1 drinker and 7 nondrinkers answered correctly regarding the ethanol based liquor. Fifty percent of drinkers and 32.35% of nondrinkers were aware that illicit liquors were most probably mixed with methanol. The drinkers were aware that liquor-containing methanol can cause sudden death (33.33%) or sudden visual loss (33.33%), while 55.8% nondrinker answered only sudden death. Participants’ awareness levels regarding the content and the visual outcome of methanol-containing liquor remain low. From this pilot study, we confirmed the need to conduct further research with a larger sample size, followed by clear ethical considerations for prevention.

Outcomes of manual small incision cataract surgery (mSICS) compared with phacoemulsification from population based outreach eye camp, in Yogyakarta and Southern Central Java Region, Indonesia Indra Tri Mahayana; Reny Setyowati; Tri Winarti; Suhardjo Prawiroranu
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 1, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

In this study, we compared the effectiveness (comparison of post-operative visual acuity/VA) of phacoemulsification by ophthalmologists versus manual small incision cataract surgery (mSICS) by residents in a mass cataract surgery setting. This research was a cross-sectional study of 1137 cataract patients who underwent cataract surgery by ophthalmologists and residents in outreach eye camps during 2015-2017 (3 years). There were 554 patients who underwent phacoemulsification by ophthalmologists and 583 patients who underwent mSICS by residents. Basic patient characteristics data, such as: age, sex and pre-surgical VA were recorded and we compared pre- versus post-operative VA (best corrected VA/BCVA) and surgical adverse events in 4 weeks post-operative follow-up. In basic subject characteristics, there were no differences in age and sex between the 2 groups, in which 602 (52.9%) were men and 535 (47.1%) were women. Overall 583 (51.3%) eyes received mSICS and 554 (48,7%) eyes received phacoemulsification. Visual acuity improvement (≥6/18) was achieved in 59.61% of eyes after phacoemulsification and 53.5% eyes after mSICS. There were no statistical differences in visual outcome results between both groups (p=0.10). Severe surgical adverse events (nucleus drop and endophthalmitis) were found in 3 cases (0.26%) and choroidal bleeding in 1 eye (0.08%). The effectiveness of phacoemulsification and mSICS in improving visual acuity was found similar between ophthalmologists and residents. mSICS should be considered for more frequent use in high volume mass cataract surgery.KEYWORDS cataract surgery; phacoemulsification; manual small incision cataract surgery; outreach program; community ophthalmology

Prevalensi malaria di Asmat, Papua: Gambaran situasi terkini di daerah endemik tinggi Josephine Debora; Hanggoro Tri Rinonce; Maria Fransiska Pudjohartono; Pritania Astari; Monica Gisela Winata; Fadli Kasim
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 1, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

ABSTRAK Malaria merupakan salah satu penyakit yang terus endemik di beberapa daerah di Indonesia walaupun pemerintah telah melakukan berbagai usaha untuk mengobati dan mencegah malaria. World Health Organization (WHO) menargetkan insidensi kasus malaria pada tahun 2030 dapat turun hingga 90% dibandingkan tahun 2015.Asmat merupakan salah satu daerah endemik tinggi dan menjadi salah satu daerah target program eliminasi malaria, namun belum ada publikasi data rinci terkait malaria di Asmat, Papua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi malaria di Asmat pada tahun 2017 dan melihat tren kejadian malaria yang merupakan salah satu indikator evaluasi program eliminasi malaria di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional yang dilakukan selama pelaksanaan kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata - Peduli Bencana (KKN-PB) Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), pada tanggal 17 Maret hingga 30 April 2018 di Asmat, Papua. Penelitian dilakukan dengan analisis data sekunder dan observasi. Data sekunder diambil dari Dinas Kesehatasn Kabupaten Asmat, kemudian dianalisis dan dipaparkan secara deskriptif. Dilakukan pula observasi lingkungan di Distrik Agats, Atsj, dan Sawaerma untuk mengetahui kemungkinan faktor-faktor risiko malaria. Pada tahun 2017, prevalensi malaria di kabupaten Asmat yaitu 12,37% dengan 7,90 % kasus malaria klinis dan 4,46% kasus malaria yang telah tegak diagnosisnya berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium. Prevalensi tersebut meningkat dibandingkan tahun 2016. Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) Atsj merupakan puskesmas dengan prevalensi malaria tertinggi, yaitu sebesar 27,70%. Kejadian malaria ini kemungkinan dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan fisik (suhu, kelembaban, kerapatan dinding rumah, pengunaan kawat kassa, curah hujan), lingkungan biologi (adanya semak dan rawa), lingkungan kimia (salinitas dan pH), serta kebiasaan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penanganan malaria di Asmat masih menjadi tantangan besar bagi petugas kesehatan dan pemerintah. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab masih tingginya kejadian malaria agar kebijakan yang diambil lebih tepat. KATA KUNCI prevalensi; malaria; endemik; Asmat; Papua ABSTRACT Malaria is still an endemic disease in Indonesia, despite years of government efforts to cure and prevent malaria. World Health Organization (WHO) has a goal to reduce malaria case incidence globally at least 90% in 2030 compared with 2015.Asmat is one of the high endemic areas in Indonesia, making Asmat one of the target areas for malaria elimination programs. However, the published data regarding malaria in Asmat is limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of malaria in Asmat in 2017 and assess the trend of malaria prevalence, as an indicator in evaluating malaria elimination programs. This study was descriptive observational research which was performed from March 17th until April 30th 2018, as part of Kuliah Kerja Nyata - Peduli Bencana (KKN-PB) Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), in Asmat Regency. This study was using secondary data analysis and environmental observation. Secondary data was obtained from Department of Health in Asmat Regency and presented descriptively. Environmental observation in Agats, Atsj, and Sawaerma District was also conducted to find out the possible risk factors of malaria. In 2017, malaria prevalence in Asmat was 12.37% with 7.9% cases being clinically diagnosed malaria, and the other 4.46% laboratory diagnosed malaria. The prevalence in 2017 was higher than in 2016. Among all the districts in Asmat, Atsj had the highest prevalence (27.70%). Malaria prevalence was possibly affected by multiple factors, such as physical environment (temperature, humidity, houses’ wall density, and the use of wire net), biological environment (house surrounded by bush or swamp), chemical environment (pH and salinity), and habits in community. These findings suggest that malaria control is still a big challenge for health-care workers and government. Further research is needed to study the exact causes of high malaria prevalence in Asmat, so that more appropriate policies can be done to overcome the problem.KEYWORDS prevalence; malaria; endemic; Asmat; Papua

Pengkayaan ilmu petugas puskesmas sebagai langkah penurunan angka anemia di Kabupaten Sleman Emy Huriyati; Tri Ratnaningsih; Abdul Wahab; Arta Farmawati; Nur Imma Fatimah Harahap; Ainun Nisa
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 1, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

ABSTRAK Fokus Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Sleman untuk penanggulangan anemia dewasa ini bukan hanya pada ibu hamil saja, melainkan sudah dimulai dari remaja puteri, jauh sebelum mereka hamil. Langkah pemerintah dalam menanggulangi anemia dengan adanya suplementasi besi dikhawatirkan tidak tepat sasaran. Sejauh ini deteksi anemia oleh petugas puskesmas hanya sebatas pemeriksaan haemoglobin saja dan kejadian anemia yang terdeteksi masih bersifat general, tidak spesifik anemia defisiensi besi. Subjek dalam kegiatan ini adalah petugas puskesmas meliputi dokter, ahli gizi dan ahli teknologi laboratorium medis yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Metode yang diterapkan dalam kegiatan ini adalah pelatihan dengan rangkaian kegiatan yaitu penyuluhan dengan pre-test dan post-test, tutorial kasus, dan praktikum. Analisis data hasil kegiatan menggunakan uji paired t-test antara nilai pre-test dan post-test. Uji statistik dikatakan signifikan bila p-value kurang dari 0,05. Total peserta yang mengikuti kegiatan adalah 71 orang dari target awal 75 orang (persentase kedatangan= 94,67%). Pelatihan terkait anemia defisiensi besi untuk petugas puskesmas dapat meningkatkan tingkat pemahaman sebesar 32,82 poin (p<0,0001), yang merupakan delta kenaikan nilai pre-test dan post-test. Pemilihan metode untuk kegiatan pelatihan dirasa sudah tepat dengan pertimbangan hasil evaluasi kegiatan menunjukkan sebagian besar peserta kegiatan menilai metode pelatihan efektif atau sangat efektif (74,7%). Program pelatihan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman petugas puskesmas di Kabupaten Sleman terkait anemia defisiensi besi.KATA KUNCI pelatihan; puskesmas; pengetahuan; anemia defisiensi besi ABSTRACT The focus of the Sleman District Health Office in the prevention of anemia is not only on pregnant women anymore as it currently involves young women, long before they become pregnant. The government's step in overcoming anemia with iron supplementation is argued to fail to hit the target. So far the detection of anemia by health center officials is only limited to hemoglobin examination, indicating that the detection of anemia is still general and not specific to iron deficiency anemia. The subjects of this study were community health center staffs including doctors, nutritionists and medical laboratory technology experts who were picked by purposive sampling. The methods used were training with a series of activities: education with pre-test and post-test, case tutorials, and practicum. Paired t-test was performed to compare the difference of value between pre-test and post-test. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The total participants who took part in the activity were 71 people from the initial target of 75 people (percentage of arrivals = 94.67%). Training related to iron deficiency anemia for health center officers can increase the level of understanding by 32.82 points (p <0,0001). The methods chosen for training activities were considered appropriate with around three-quarters (74,7%) of the participants rated the training method effective or very effective. The training program can improve the understanding of health center staff in Sleman Regency regarding iron deficiency anemia.KEYWORDS training; community health center; knowledge; iron deficiency anemia

Hubungan timbal dan krom pada pemakaian pewarna batik dengan kadar hemoglobin dan packed cell volume pada pengrajin batik di Kecamatan Lendah Kulon Progo Pramudji Hastuti; Sunarti Sunarti; Prasetyastuti Prasetyastuti; Ngadikun Ngadikun; Tasmini Tasmini; Dianandha Septiana Rubi; Sri Sutarni; Indrasari Kusuma Harahap; Kusumo Dananjoyo; Suhartini Suhartini; Ida Bagus Gd. Surya Putra Pidada; Hendro Widagdo; Martiana Suciningtyas
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 1, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

ABSTRAK Cara membatik di Indonesia mulai banyak beralih dari pemakaian bahan alami menjadi bahan cat sintesis. Cat sintetis yang digunakan sering kali mengandung logam berat di antaranya timbal (Pb) dan kromium (Cr). Pemakaian logam berat dalam waktu lama akan mengganggu kesehatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan kadar logam Pb dan Cr dalam darah dan limbah dengan kadar hemoglobin (Hb) dan packed cell volume (PCV) serta mengetahui prevalensi gejala toksisitas yang dirasakan pada pekerja di tiga sentra batik di Kecamatan Lendah Kulon Progo. Sebanyak 76 pegawai di tiga sentra batik terdiri atas 37 orang dari sentra SB, 20 orang dari FA dan 19 orang dari SA ditentukan kadar Hb, PCV, kadar Pb dan Cr-nya dengan metode inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Air limbah lingkungan dari ketiga lokasi sentra batik diambil dan diperiksa kadar Pb dan Cr-nya. Hasil antara ketiga lokasi diujinormalitasnya dan dianalisis dengan analisis varian atau Kruskal-Wallis. Hubungan antara kadar Pb dan Cr baik darah maupun limbah dengan kadar logam berat dalam darah dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Pearson atau Spearman. Hasil dinyatakan berbeda bermakna jika p < 0,05. Gejala penyakit yang dialami pekerja yang diperkirakan berhubungan dengan toksisitas logam berat dihitung frekuensinya. Hasil pemeriksaan antropometri, tekanan darah, kadar Hb, PCV dan logam berat dari ketiga lokasi yang diperiksa tidak berbeda bermakna (p > 0,05). Kadar Pb darah dan krom di sentra SB dan FA berbeda bermakna dengan di sentra SA (p < 0,05). Tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan secara statistik antara kadar Pb darah, Cr darah, dan Pb limbah dengan kadar Hb dan PCV. Gejala iritasi kulit, pusing, dan nyeri sendi dirasakan oleh 36,8-48,7% responden. Kadar timbal dan krom darah pembatik di sentra SB dan FA lebih tinggi dari pada di sentra SA. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara toksisitas Pb dan Cr dengan kadar Hb dan PCV. Gejala toksisitas di antara pekerja batik diperkirakan dapat terjadi karena toksisitas logam berat kronis akibat pemakaian cat batik. KATA KUNCI batik; hemoglobin; kromium; sel darah; timbal ABSTRACT The dye used to color batik has changed from natural to synthetic materials in several places in Indonesia. Synthetic paints often contain heavy metals including lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr). Chronic use of heavy metals can affect health. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between blood and waste water levels of Pb and Cr with hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV), and to determine how many workers felt the toxicity symptoms in three batik centers in Lendah, Kulon Progo. A total of 76 batik center employees, consisted of 37, 20, and 19 people from the SB, FA, and SA centers were recruited. Determination of Hb, PCV, Pb and Cr levels were conducted with the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) method. Waste water from the three batik centers is taken and examined. The data were analyzed by Oneway ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis. Correlation analyses were performed with Pearson or Spearman correlation test. Results were considered significant if p < 0.05. Disease symptoms experienced by workers that were estimated to be associated with heavy metal toxicity were calculated in frequency. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, Hb levels, PCV and heavy metals levels were not significantly different between centers (p>0.05). Blood Pb and Cr from the SB and FA were significantly different from those at the SA center (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant correlations between blood Pb levels, blood Cr, and Pb waste with hemoglobin and PCV levels. Symptoms of skin irritation, dizziness, and joint pain were felt by 37-49% of respondents. Blood levels of Pb and Cr in the SB and FA centers are higher than in the SA centers. There was no significant correlation between Pb and Cr toxicity with hemoglobin and PCV levels. Symptoms of toxicity among batik workers are thought to occur due to chronic heavy metal toxicity due to the use of synthetic paint.KEYWORDS batik; haemoglobin; chromium; blood cell; plumbum

Anemia pada ibu hamil peserta Program 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan di Agats, Asmat, Papua: Prevalensi dan analisis faktor risiko Pritania Astari; Hanggoro Tri Rinonce; Maria Fransiska Pudjohartono; Josephine Debora; Monica Gisela Winata; Fadli Kasim
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 1, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

ABSTRAK Pada tahun 2013, terdapat 37% kasus anemia pada ibu hamil di Indonesia. Kejadiannya di Agats, Asmat, Papua masih merupakan fenomena gunung es yang belum banyak mendapat sorotan. Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) Agats menjalankan Program 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK) sejak tahun 2016 untuk meningkatkan kualitas kehamilan dan kelahiran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil peserta Program 1000 HPK serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap anemia pada ibu hamil di Agats, Asmat, Papua. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional, menggunakan data sekunder dari laporan evaluasi Program 1000 HPK Puskesmas Agats Oktober 2017, yang diambil pada periode pelaksanaan Kuliah Kerja Nyata - Peduli Bencana (KKN-PB) Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), 17 Maret sampai 30 April 2018. Sebanyak 97 ibu hamil dari 230 peserta Program 1000 HPK dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Data yang diambil meliputi umur kehamilan, kadar hemoglobin (Hb), lingkar lengan atas (LLA), berat badan, dan pemberian suplemen zat besi. Kadar Hb < 11 g/dL pada trimester I atau < 10.5 g/dL pada trimester II dan III digolongkan sebagai anemia. Dilakukan pula analisis kemungkinan faktor risiko anemia berdasarkan hasil observasi di Agats dengan tinjauan pustaka. Dari total 97 ibu hamil peserta Program 1000 HPK, sebanyak 45.4% orang menderita anemia, meskipun 43.4% di antaranya telah mendapatkan suplementasi zat besi. Sebanyak 24.7% ibu hamil memiliki LLA < 23 cm. Beberapa kemungkinan faktor risiko anemia pada ibu hamil di Agats meliputi letak geografis Asmat, rendahnya tingkat pendidikan masyarakat, minimnya tenaga kesehatan serta fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, kurangnya perhatian masyarakat terhadap kesehatan, keadaan sosioekonomi rendah, dan status gizi ibu hamil. Prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil peserta Program 1000 HPK di Agats, Asmat, Papua pada Oktober 2017 lebih tinggi dari prevalensi nasional. Penelitian lebih lanjut dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui kaitan pasti antara kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di Agats dengan faktor-faktor risiko tersebut.KATA KUNCI anemia; kehamilan; 1000 hari pertama kehidupan; Asmat; Papua ABSTRACT In 2013, it was found that 37% pregnant women in Indonesia suffered from anemia. However, in Agats, Asmat, Papua, this phenomenon has not gained enough attention. In order to improve the quality of birth and pregnancy, Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) Agats is currently implementing the First 1000 Days of Life (1000 HPK) Program since 2016. This study aimed to discover the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy of the 1000 HPK participants in Agats and to understand the possible contributing risk factors. This study was descriptive observational study using secondary data from the evaluation report of 1000 HPK Program in Puskesmas Agats during October 2017. From 230 participants of 1000 HPK Program, 97 of them who were pregnant, were taken as the sample. The data (gestational age, hemoglobin level, upper arm circumference, body weight, and history of iron supplementation) were obtained during the implementation of Kuliah Kerja Nyata - Peduli Bencana (KKN-PB) Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), from March 17th to April 30th, 2018. Hemoglobin level in the first trimester < 11 g/dL or in the second and third trimester < 10.5 g/dL were classified as anemia. The observed risk factors were then analyzed using literature review. From 97 participants of 1000 HPK Program, 45.4% suffered from anemia, even though 43.4% of them had received iron supplementation. Moreover, 24.7% of the pregnant women had mid-upper arm circumference < 23 cm. Several observed influencing risk factors included the geographic profile of Asmat, low educational status, lacking of health personnels, facilities and the general awareness of the citizens regarding maternal health, low socio-economical status, and low maternal nutritional status. The prevalence of anemia in the pregnant participants of 1000 HPK Program in Agats, Asmat, Papua, during October 2017 was higher than the national prevalence. Further study needs to be conducted in order to find the correlation between the prevalence of anemia in the pregnant participants of 1000 HPK Program in Agats and the suspected risk factors.KEYWORDS anemia; pregnancy; first 1000 days of life; Asmat; Papua

Status mineral dan hormon tiroid pada penderita hipotiroidisme Pramudji Hastuti; Untung Supriadi Widodo; Rony Oktarizal; Andika Laksamana Kurniadi; Khoirul Anwar; Auladi Ahmad Ridho Siregar
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 1, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

ABSTRAK Rendahnya kadar hormon tiroid dalam sirkulasi mengakibatkan hipotiroidisme klinis dan menyebabkan berbagai proses metabolik turun. Untuk mempertahankan sintesis hormon tiroid dan pelepasannya memerlukan suplai beberapa mineral yang adekuat. Penelitian ini, menentukan kadar mineral Zn, Cu, Fe dan Se dalam serum anak yang menderita hipotiroidisme dibandingkan kontrol. Penelitian ini melibatkan sebanyak 23 anak yang terdiri dari 11 subjek yang mengalami hipotiroidisme dan 12 pasien normotiroid sebagai kontrol. Kadar Zn, Cu, Fe dan Se serum ditentukan dengan spektrofotometer absorpsi atom. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji t (nilai p < 0,05 dianggap bermakna), kemudian odds ratio ditentukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antarvariabel. Kadar mineral yang diperiksa tidak berbeda bermakna (p > 0,05) antara penderita hipotiroidisme dengan kontrol. Rendahnya kadar Zn dan Se merupakan faktor risiko tingginya kadar thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) sebagai penanda terjadinya hipotiroidisme. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa rendahnya kadar beberapa mineral terutama Zn dan Se merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya hipotiroidisme. Karena kadar TSH dalam serum tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh kadar mineral dalam tubuh, perlu dilakukan studi lebih lanjut dalam skala yang lebih besar dengan pengukuran faktor perancu lain.KATA KUNCI status mineral; hormon tiroid; hipotiroidisme ABSTRACT Low level of circulating thyroid hormone results in clinical hypothyroidism and causes many metabolic processes to slow down. To maintain thyroid hormone synthesis and release, an adequate supply of trace elements is required. In this study, serum content of the trace elements, namely Zn, Cu, Fe, and Se in hypothyroidism patients was determined and compared to that in control subjects. Twenty three subjects consist of 11 hypothyroid patients and 12 normotiroid children as controls participated in this study. Serum Zn, Cu, Fe and Se level were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. T test was used for analysis and p value < 0.05 considered significant. Odds ratio was determined to study the relationship between variables. Serum mineral level in hypothyroid patients were not significantly different(p > 0.05) from the level in control subjects. Low level of Zn and Se were risk factor for high level of TSH as marker of hypothyroidism. It can be concluded that the low level of trace elements especially Zn and Se were risk factor of the hypothyroidism. Because TSH serum level is not only influenced by the level of trace elements, further study is needed to analyze other influencing factors in larger population.KEYWORDS mineral status; thyroid hormone; hypothyroidism

Kadar glukosa darah dan tekanan darah pada penduduk pedesaan dan perkotaan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Tasmini Tasmini; Arta Farmawati; Sunarti Sunarti; Pramudji Hastuti; Ahmad Hamim Sadewa; Prasetyastuti Prasetyastuti; Ngadikun Ngadikun
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 1, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

ABSTRAK Sebagian besar penduduk di daerah pedesaan bertaraf ekonomi menengah ke bawah, memiliki keterbatasan akses informasi, dan memiliki mata pencaharian berbeda dibanding penduduk kota. Bantar Kulon merupakan daerah pedesaan dan Kronggahan adalah daerah perkotaan di Yogyakarta. Mengingat terjadinya pergeseran pola penyakit dari penyakit menular ke penyakit tidak menular serta adanya pengaruh lingkungan dan gaya hidup terhadap terjadinya penyakit degeneratif, dilakukan pengkajian mengenai faktor risiko sindroma metabolik di dua daerah tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan kadar glukosa darah puasa (GDP) dan tekanan darah (TD), serta keluhan/ penyakit utama pada penduduk di daerah pedesaan dan perkotaan. Sebanyak 71 orang dari Bantar Kulon dan 91 orang dari Kronggahan diperiksa kadar GDP-nya menggunakan GCU Multi-Function Monitoring System (EasyTouch®). Tekanan darah diperiksa dengan sphygmomanometer raksa dan otomatis. Kadar GDP dan TD pada subjek dari kedua lokasi ditampilkan dalam bentuk deskriptif berdasarkan cut-off (GDP: ≥ 100 mg/dL; TD: ≥140/90 mmHg). Uji t atau Mann Whitney U dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaaan nilai variabel antara kedua lokasi. Hasil dinyatakan berbeda bermakna jika p < 0,05. Data keluhan penyakit utama ditampilkan secara deskriptif. Tidak ada perbedaan kadar GDP antara desa dan kota (p = 0,385). Persentase subjek yang memiliki GDP ≥ 100 mg/dL lebih banyak di desa dibanding di kota (42,3% vs 26,4%). Persentase hipertensi lebih tinggi di kota dibanding di desa (50,5% vs 33,8%). Berdasarkan wawancara, keluhan/ penyakit utama terbanyak pada kedua wilayah adalah hipertensi sebanyak 23 orang (32,4%) di desa dan 30 orang (33,0%) di kota. Kadar GDP di atas normal lebih banyak ditemukan di desa sedangkan hipertensi lebih banyak ditemukan di kota. Keluhan/ penyakit utama di kedua wilayah adalah hipertensi. KATA KUNCI kadar glukosa darah; penyakit metabolik; hipertensi; pedesaan; perkotaanABSTRACT Most people living in rural areas are from lower to middle income class, have limited access to information, and have different occupations compared to those in urban areas. In Yogyakarta, Bantar Kulon is a rural area, while Kronggahan is an urban area. Currently, the pattern of disease is shifting from infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases with environment and lifestyle factors as determinants. Thus, it is necessary to study the trends of risk factors for metabolic syndrome in both areas. This study aimed to seek the difference of fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood pressure (BP), and major complaints/illness between rural and urban areas. Seventy one people from Bantar Kulon and 91 people from Kronggahan were examined for FBG levels using GCU Multi-Function Monitoring System (EasyTouch®). Blood pressures were checked using sphygmomanometer. Levels of FBG and BP were presented as frequencies based on cut-offs (FBG: ≥ 100mg/dL; BP: ≥ 140/90 mmHg). T-test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the difference of variables between both areas. Results were significantly different if p < 0.05. Chief complaint ilness data were displayed descriptively. There was no difference in FBG level between rural and urban areas (p = 0.385). The percentage of subjects with FBG ≥ 100 mg / dL was higher in Bantar Kulon than inKronggahan (42.3% vs 26.4%). Percentage of hypertension was higher in urban than rural areas (50.5% vs. 33.8%). Based on interviews, the chief complaint/ illness in both areas was hypertension. The number of subjects who were diagnosed with hypertension were 23 (32.4%) and 30 (33.0%) from Bantar Kulon and Kronggahan respectively. Impaired fasting glucose was more common in rural area while hypertension is more common in urban area. The chief complaint /illness in both regions is hypertension.KEYWORDS blood glucose; metabolic syndrome; hypertension; rural area; urban area

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Jl. Farmako, Sekip Utara, Mlati, Sleman, D. I. Yogyakarta 55281

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Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Widyandana

Contact Email jcoemph.fk@ugm.ac.id

Phone (+62274)-547490

Journal Mail Official jcoemph.fk@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address Jl. Farmako, Sekip Utara, Mlati, Sleman, D. I. Yogyakarta 55281

Location Kab. sleman, Daerah istimewa yogyakarta INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Widyandana

Contact Email
jcoemph.fk@ugm.ac.id

Phone
(+62274)-547490

Journal Mail Official
jcoemph.fk@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Farmako, Sekip Utara, Mlati, Sleman, D. I. Yogyakarta 55281

Location
Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA