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INDONESIA
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim
Published by Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya lahan Pertanian
ISSN : 14107244     EISSN : 27227723     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jti.v44n1.2020.19-29
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal TANAH dan IKLIM memuat hasil-hasil penelitian bidang tanah dan iklim dari para peneliti baik dari dalam maupun dari luar Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian. Jurnal ini juga dapat memuat informasi singkat yang berisi tulisan mengenai teknik dan peralatan baru ataupun hasil sementara penelitian tanah dan iklim.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 257 Documents
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KONVERSI LAHAN SAWAH INDONESIA SEBAGAI ANCAMAN TERHADAP KETAHANAN PANGAN Mulyani, Anny; Kuntjoro, Dwi; Nursyamsi, Dedi; Agus, Fahmuddin
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 40, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v40n2.2016.121-133

Abstract

Abstrak. Konversi lahan sawah  terus berlangsung dan hal ini merupakan ancaman terhadap pencapaian target swasembada pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis laju konversi lahan dengan membandingkan analisis spasial dengan resolusi sedang dan analisis dengan citra resolusi tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari tahun 2013 sampai 2015 di Sembilan provinsi sentra produksi padi yaitu Jawa Barat, Jawa Timur, Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Sulawesi Selatan, Kalimantan Selatan, Sumatera Selatan, Sumatera Utara dan Gorontalo. Untuk tingkat provinsi digunakan data Landsat TM 7  tahun 2000 dibandingkan dengan data tahun 2013, sedangkan untuk analisis tingkat desa dan kecamatan (67 desa/kecamatan di 9 provinsi yang sama) digunakan data IKONOS, Quickbird, atau Worldview dengan beda waktu citra antara 8 dan 12 tahun yang tersaji dalam Google Earth. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan citra satelit Landsat TM 7 memberikan nilai konversi lahan lebih rendah (sekitar 12.347 ha/tahun untuk 9 provinsi) karena konversi lahan dengan luasan < 5 ha sulit dideteksi. Dengan penggunaan Google Earth, konversi lahan sawah diperkirakan 96.512 ha/tahun, dengan laju konversi bervariasi atas tinggi (> 4%/tahun), sedang (2-4%/tahun) dan rendah (<2%/tahun). Lahan sawah dengan laju konversi tinggi diperkirakan akan terkonversi habis pada tahun 2025. Lahan sawah dengan laju konversi sedang hanya akan tersisa sekitar 200.000 ha pada tahun 2045 dari luas sekitar 1,7 juta ha pada tahun 2014. Lahan sawah dengan tingkat kerawanan rendahpun akan berkurang dengan berjalannya waktu. Lahan sawah seluas 8,1 juta ha sekarang akan menciut menjadi hanya sekitar 6 juta ha menjelang tahun 2045. Jika tidak ada pengamanan terhadap lahan sawah yang ada sekarang dan bila tidak ada pencetakan sawah baru secara signifikan, akan terjadi ancaman terhadap ketahanan pangan Indonesia.  Abstract. Paddy field conversion is continuing and it is threatening food self-sufficiency target. This research was aimed at analyzing the rate of paddy field  conversion and comparing the spatial analytical methods using medium and high resolution images. The research was conducted from  2013 to 2015 in nine important rice producing provinces, namely West Java, East Java, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, South Sulawesi, South Kalimantan, South Sumatra, North Sumatra, and Gorontalo. For the provincial level analysis, the 2000 Landsat TM was compared to that of 2013, whereas for the village and sub-district level analysis (67 villages/sub-districts) the images of IKONOS, Quickbird, and Worldview with 8 to 12 year image time differences as presented in the Google Earth, were used. The results shows that the use of Landsat TM 7 under-estimated the conversion (about 12,347 ha/year in the nine provinses), because conversion of <5 ha is undetectable. Using the Google Earth images the national conversion rate was estimate as high as 96,512 ha/year, with the rates vary from   rapid (> 4%/year), moderate (2-4%/year) and slow   (<2%/tahun). Paddy fields with rapid conversion rates are estimated to demise by 2025. Those with moderate conversion rates will become only about 200,000 ha in 2045 from 1.7 million ha in 2014. The area of paddy field with slow conversion rate will also decrease with time. The 8.1 million ha current paddy field will decrease to about  6 million ha by 2045, assuming the same conversion rate compared to the historical one. Without significant efforts of safeguarding the existing paddy field and without development of new paddy field, the Indonesian food security targets will go astray.   
Formulasi dan Pola Kelarutan N Pupuk Urea-Zeolit Lepas Lambat Hartatik, Wiwik; Mardliyati, Eti; Wibowo, Heri; Sukarto, Agus; Yusron, Yusron
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 44, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v44n1.2020.61-70

Abstract

Abstrak. Upaya pengendalian pelepasan Urea secara perlahan dapat dilakukan dengan memformulasi pupuk Urea dengan Zeolit dan penyalutan Kitosan sehingga dapat menyediakan hara N secara lambat, dan meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan, produktivitas tanah dan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memformulasi dan mempelajari kelarutan N dari formula pupuk Urea dan Zeolit yang berukuran submikron dan yang disalut dengan Kitosan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium dengan rancangan percobaan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah 1) Kontrol lengkap (tanpa pupuk), 2) Urea prill (pupuk standar), 3) Formula Urea + Zeolit, dan 4) Formula Urea + Zeolit + Kitosan. Pengamatan yang dilakukan yaitu kelarutan N-total, N-NH4 dan N-NO3 selama inkubasi 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, dan 12 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula pupuk Urea + Zeolit dengan perbandingan 3:2 yang disalut Kitosan memberikan kelarutan N-total sebesar 25,43% pada inkubasi 12 minggu dibandingkan Urea prill sebesar 43,43%. Selama inkubasi perlakuan kontrol memberikan kelarutan N-total paling rendah, karena kadar N tanah awal rendah. Formula pupuk Urea + Zeolit yang disalut Kitosan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan melalui kelarutan N yang slow release sehingga mampu mengurangi penguapan dan pencucian pupuk Urea. Abstract. The efforts to slow down Urea release can be conducted by formulating of Urea and Zeolit, and followed by chitosan encapsulation. The formulation can release Nitrogen (N), increase the efficiency of fertilization, and increase soil and crop productivity. This research was aimed to formulate and evaluate the solubility of N from Urea and submicron-sized Zeolit followed by coating with chitosan. The experiment was conducted from April to December 2012 at the Laboratory with experimental design of completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments tested were 1) Complete control, 2) Prilled Urea, 3) Formula of Urea + Zeolit, and 4) Formula of Urea + Zeolit + chitosan. Observations included solubilities of total N, NH4-N, and NO3-N during the incubation of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. The results showed that the formula of Urea + Zeolit fertilizer with the ratio of 3:2, encapsulated with chitosan gave a total N-solubility of 25.43% at 12 weeks incubation, which was significantly lower than that of prilled Urea of 43.43%. During the incubation, the control treatment gave the lowest total N-solubility, because of the low initial N soil content. The formula of Urea + Zeolit coated with chitosan can increase fertilizer efficiency through slow release N solubility so as to reduce volatilization and leaching of Urea fertilizer.
MODIFICATION OF C-USLE FACTOR IN ANSWERS MODEL TO PREDICT SOIL EROSION IN HUMID TROPICAL REGION (CASE STUDY OF NOPU UPPER CATCHMENT, CENTRAL SULAWESI) HIDAYAT, Y.; SINUKABAN, N.; PAWITAN, H.; MURTILAKSONO, K.
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 32 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n32.2010.%p

Abstract

The research was carried out: a) to define crop and management factors as input parameter of ANSWERS model, b) to establish an ANSWERS to PCRaster model to simulate land use changes and soil and water conservation techniques, and c) to study the impact of rainforest conversion towards surface runoff, soil erosion and nutrients losses. Surface runoff and soil erosion were measured daily on primary forest, secondary forest, open areas, maize, peanut, young cocoa, medium cocoa, old cocoa, and intercropping between young cacao, maize, banana, and cassavas. In watershed outlet, surface runoff and sediment discharges were determined through measurement of water height, velocities and sediment sampling. Using a partial crop and management factors, the original and PCRaster type of an ANSWERS model performs better in predicting soil erosion thanUSLE crop and management factors especially for high rainfall events. Reforestration of very steep land (slope > 45%) which followed by application of ridge terraces on agricultural areas were the best management practices to control surface runoff and soil erosion to ensure sustainable agriculture andsustainability of watershed functions. Rainforest conversion to agricultural areas increases surface runoff, soil erosion andnutrients losses.
KEEFEKTIFAN MIKROBA ENDOFIT DALAM MEMACU PERTUMBUHAN DAN MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT HAWAR PELEPAH DAUN PADA PADI SAWAH Hastuti, Ratih D.; Saraswati, Rasti; Sari, Amallia Puspita
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 38, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v38n2.2014.109-118

Abstract

Abstrak. Salah satu penyebab rendahnya produksi padi di Indonesia adalah serangan penyakit hawar pelepah daun yang disebabkan oleh jamur Rhizoctonia solani. Penyakit ini merupakan penyakit yang sukar dikendalikan karena jamur patogen ini mempunyai sklerosia yang dapat bertahan hidup pada jerami, tanah dan tanaman inang lain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkarakterisasi dan mempelajari potensi bakteri endofit dalam memacu pertumbuhan dan mengendalikan penyakit hawar pelepah daun tanaman padi sawah. Penelitian ini terdiri atas beberapa kegiatan yaitu uji hipersensitivitas, uji kemampuan bakteri endofit dalam menghasilkan zat pengatur tumbuh dan anti patogen, dan uji keefektifan isolat unggul dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan mengendalikan penyakit Hawar Pelepah Daun padi IR-64 di rumah kaca. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh satu isolat bakteri endofit dari marga Actinomycetes, isolat B1 yang mempunyai kemampuan menghasilkan zat pemacu tumbuh (IAA sebesar 95,47 ppm) dan menekan pertumbuhan patogen tular tanah (Rhizoctonia solani, Schlerotium, Fusarium, dan Xanthomonas). Inokulasi aktinomiset endofit pada tanaman padi IR-64 dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan menekan serangan penyakit hawar pelepah daun. Abstract. One of the factors causing low rice production in Indonesia is a leaf sheath blight disease caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani. This disease is difficult to control because of the fungal pathogen that has a sklerotia that can survive and remain in straw, soil and other host plants. The purpose of this study was to characterize and study the potential of endophytic bacteria as plant growth promoting and bio-control agent of leaf sheath blight disease in rice. This study consists of several activities, namely hypersensitivity test, study on the ability of endophytic bacteria in producing plant growth promoting and anti-pathogenic, and the effectiveness of selected bacteria in enhancing the growth and suppressing of the leaf sheath blight disease in greenhouse. The result showed that one of endophytic bacteria, Actinomycetes isolates B1, has the ability to produce plant growth promotion (IAA 95,47 ppm), and serve as anti-pathogenic soil borne Rhizoctonia solani, Schlerotium, Fusarium, and Xanthomonas. Inoculation of endophyte actinomycetes in rice var. IR-64 can enhance the growth and suppress the leaf sheath blight disease.
CHANGES OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER FRACTION ON ULTISOLS JASINGA BY SOIL TILLAGE AND ORGANIC MATTER PRACTICES NURIDA, NENENG LAILA; HARIDJAJA, O.; ARSYAD, S.; SUDARSONO, .; KURNIA, UNDANG; DJAJAKIRANA, G.
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 26 (2007): Desember 2007
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n26.2007.%p

Abstract

In situ organic matters, such as Mucuna sp., Flemingia sp., and plant residues differ in quality (in terms of lignin, cellulose and nutrients contents). Such difference determines soil organic matter content especially labile fraction that could effect on soil properties. The aims of this research were to study: 1) the effects of various sources and quality of organic matters on soil organic fraction, and 2) the relationships between the changes of particulate organic matter and C-microbes (POM and Cmic) and soil quality indicators. The experiments were conducted in greenhouse of the Center for Soil and Agroclimate Research and Development, Bogor, from January to May 2003. The factorial completely randomized design was used with three replications. The first factor was the method of organic matters application: 1) mulch on soil surface and 2) incorporated with soils. The second factor was the sources of organic matters (dosage in equvalent with 2% organic C), i.e: 1) Mucuna sp., 2) Flemingia sp., 3)maize residue, 4) mixture of Mucuna sp., and Flemingia sp., 5) mixture of Flemingia sp. and maize residue, 6) mixture of Mucuna sp. and maize residue, and 7) mixture of Mucuna sp., Flemingia sp., and maize residue. The results showed that on organic matter application with incorporated method, C/N ratio and lignin content of organic matter have positive correlation with organic C, Cmic and Cmic/Corg, but have negative correlation with POMp. The changes of soil qualities caused by short term organic matter application could be seen from the changes of labile fraction of organic matter. When organic matter was incorporated, POMtand POMt/Corg have positive correlation with bulk density, but have negative correlation with RPT, PDC, available K, and total- N. When organic matter was spreaded on the soil surface, Cmic has positive correlation with available P. The changes on labile fraction (Cmic and POMt) was easy to be detected in short period, thus the changes of physical characteristics and the availability of macro nutrients is easy to be predicted.
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM IRIGASI POMPA TENAGA SURYA HEMAT AIR DAN ENERGI UNTUK ANTISIPASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DI KABUPATEN BANTUL, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA Rejekiningrum, Popi; Kartiwa, Budi
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 41, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v41n2.2017.159-171

Abstract

Abstrak: Sehubungan dengan kendala keterbatasan air di lahan kering, maka diperlukan irigasi suplementer dengan memanfaatkan potensi sumberdaya air yang ada di wilayah tersebut dengan memanfaatkan beragam teknologi yang mampu mengangkat dan mengalirkan air dari sumbernya ke lahan-lahan pertanian. Untuk itu telah dikembangkan sistem irigasi pompa tenaga surya (SI-PTS) yang tidak tergantung pada tenaga listrik atau bahan bakar lainnya. Penggunaan energi matahari tidak memerlukan listrik, ekstra hemat energi, ramah lingkungan, penggunaannya mudah, efisiensi, kinerja stabil, dan dapat digunakan dalam jangka waktu lama. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendesain SI-PTS yang hemat air dan energi serta menghitung efisiensi irigasi SI-PTS dibandingkan dengan pompa sentrifugal/jetpump yang digunakan petani. Hasil analisis kadar air tanah menujukkan bahwa penggunaan SI-PTS dengan teknik irigasi impact sprinkler (irigasi rekomendasi) mempunyai kadar air tanah relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan irigasi pola petani. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa irigasi rekomendasi relatif lebih efektif dalam mendisitribusikan air baik secara horizontal (sekeliling pertanaman) dan vertikal (ke lapisan perakaran tanaman). Pertumbuhan tanaman bawang merah yang direpresentasikan melalui tinggi tanaman menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan irigasi rekomendasi mempunyai rata-rata tinggi tanaman lebih tinggi dari perlakuan irigasi pola petani. Adapun bobot bawang merah total pada irigasi rekomendasi lebih berat bila dibandingkan dengan pola petani. Selain itu penggunaan SI-PTS dapat menghemat konsumsi BBM dari 162,5 liter menjadi 58 liter dan biaya pembelian BBM dari Rp. 1.202.000,- menjadi Rp. 425.500 per hektar per musim, sehingga terjadi penghematan 183%. Lebih lanjut penggunaan SI-PTS dapat menekan emisi GRK yang bersumber dari penggunaan bahan hidrokarbon dari 0,409 ton CO2 menjadi 0,146 ton CO2 sehingga lebih ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan untuk mengembangkan sistem irigasi pompa tenaga surya pada lahan kering terutama pada tanaman ke dua pada musim kering agar distribusi air dari sumbernya dapat dialirkan ke lahan sesuai kebutuhan tanaman dengan efektif, efisien, dan ramah lingkungan.Abstract. Refers to the limitation of water in upland agriculture, supplementary irrigation is required to utilize potential water resources in the area. Various technology can be utilized to lift water from the sources to agriculture land. For this purpose a solar water pump irrigation system (SI-PTS)has been developed for irrigation. The use of SI-PTS does not required electricity and other fuels. This system is also easy to operate, very efficient, stable performance, environmentally friendly, and can be used for long term. This research aims to design water and energy saving SI-PTS and to calculate the irrigation efficiency of SI-PTS compared to the use of centrifuge/jetpump currently used by farmers. Analyzed soil water content showed that the use of impact springkler irrigation technique (recommended irrigation) has increased soil water content compared to others using farmers irrigation system. This fact indicate that recommended irrigation is relatively effective in distributing water horizontally (around the crops), as well as vertically (down the crops) . The performance of shallot plants represented by crops height show that crops with recommended irrigation treatment are averagely taller compared to those using farmers irrigation system. Beside that, the use of SI-PTS has reduced the consumption of fuel from 162.5 liters to 58 liters which translates to the fuel cost reduction from IDR 1,202,000 to IDR 425,500 ha-1 season-1, or with the efficiency of about 183%. Furthermore, the use of SI-PTS has also supressed the GHG emission from 0.409 ton CO2 to0.146 ton CO2 from the use of hydro-carbon fuels, hence it is more environmentally friendly. This research recommends to develop solar water pump irrigation system on upland especially for the second crop of the dry season for the distribution of water from its source to the land effectively, efficiently, and environmentally friendly.
ANALYSIS ON WATER POTENTIAL AND REQUIREMENT FOR RECOMMENDING SUPPLEMENTARY IRRIGATION ON UPLAND SUGARCANE IRIANTO, GATOT; SURMAINI, E.
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 20 (2002): Desember 2002
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n20.2002.%p

Abstract

Sugarcane planted in dry season (April to September) in Lampung usually experiences water deficit especially during initial and vegetative phases. Compared with other phases, water deficit in those periods decreases yield badly. To minimize water stress and estimate irrigation need, the research was conducted in two steps as follows: (1) analysis of water resources potential using hydrological water balance, (2) estimating water balance within rooting zone and yield loss potential using ETR/ETM ratio of FAO for recommending supplementary irrigation. The results showed that the sugarcane planted in April, May, and June suffered with water supply of135, 151, and 106 m3 in June, July, and August, respectively. Water deficit caused ETR/ETM value fell below minimum requirement (0.65) with yield loss between 16-45%. Based on the water requirement, water holding capacity, and minimum requirement of ETR/ETM, recommended irrigation during critical phases was 20 mm weekly. The recommendation was able to minimize yield loss from 16-45% to become 4-21%. Based onwater resources identifications within and the adjacent areas, irrigation requirement could be provided sufficiently if number, distribution, capacity, and mechanism of run off harvesting in cascade channel reservoir are optimum.
PENGARUH FAKTOR ALAMI DAN ANTROPOGENIK TERHADAP LUAS KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN DI KALIMANTAN Mareta, Lesi; Hidayat, Rahmat; Hidayati, Rini; Latifah, Arnida Lailatul
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 43, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v43n2.2019.147-155

Abstract

Abstrak. Kebakaran hutan dan lahan (karhutla) di Indonesia khususnya di Kalimantan menjadi ancaman bagi pembangunan berkelanjutan karena efeknya secara langsung bagi ekosistem, berkontribusi pada peningkatan emisi karbon dan berdampak pada keanekaragaman hayati. Karhutla dipengaruhi oleh faktor alami dan faktor antropogenik oleh aktivitas manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran pengaruh faktor alami dan antropogenik secara terpisah terhadap luas kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Kalimantan. Pengaruh faktor alami dan antropogenik terhadap luas karhutla dianalisis dari data luaran model CMIP5 dengan teknik statistik Random Forests. Penelitian menggunakan data iklim dan data indeks karhutla. Data iklim terdiri dari variabel kelembaban relatif permukaan, suhu udara permukaan, dan curah hujan yang diperoleh dari luaran model MRI-CGCM3 CMIP5. Data indeks karhutla di Kalimantan diperoleh dari data Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED). Hasil analisis pada periode data tahun 1997 sampai dengan 2005 memperlihatkan karhutla terluas di Kalimantan terjadi pada tahun 1997 dan 2002. Variasi musiman historis luas karhutla di Kalimantan menunjukkan peningkatan pada bulan Juni, mencapai puncaknya pada bulan September dan mulai berkurang pada bulan November. Pada bulan Juni hingga Juli, faktor antropogenik bernilai positif yang berarti mengurangi kejadian kebakaran, sedangkan pada bulan Agustus hingga Oktober faktor antropogenik bernilai negatif, menyebabkan lebih banyak peristiwa karhutla.Abstract. Forest and land fires in Indonesia, especially in Kalimantan, are considered as a threat to sustainable development because of their direct effect on ecosystems, their contribution to increasing carbon emissions, and their impact on biodiversity. Forest and land fires are influenced by two main factors, namely climate conditions, and human activity (anthropogenic) factors. The objective of this research was to analyze the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the area of forest and land fires in Kalimantan. The anthropogenic effects on the area of burn scars can be analyzed by using the output of the CMIP5 model with statistical techniques, Random Forests. The data used are climate data and index data on forest and land fires in Kalimantan. Climate data consist of the variables: surface relative humidity, surface air temperature, and rainfall which were obtained from the output of the MRI-CGCM3 CMIP5 model. Indices of Forest and land fires in Kalimantan were obtained from Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED). The results of the analysis showed that extensive forest and land fires during the period of 1997 to 2005 in Kalimantan, occurred in 1997 and 2002. Historically extensive seasonal variations of Forest and land fires in Kalimantan increased in June, reaching the peak in September and decreased in November. Between June and July, anthropogenic factors positively influenced (causing less burned area), while from August to October had a negative effect (causing larger) burned areas.
THE EFFECT OF SILVY PASTURAL SYSTEMS ON CARRYING CAPACITY AND SOIL PROPERTY OF GRASS LAND SUKRISTIYONUBOWO, .; WIGENA, I GEDE PUTU; TUHERKIH, E.; MARYAM, .; SANTOSO, D.
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 18 (2000): Desember 2000
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n18.2000.%p

Abstract

This experiment was the last activity of soil-crop management experiment to improve quantity and quality of fodder of grass land. This experiment has been carried out since 1994/1995 cropping season in Selengen Village, Lombok 8arat District, West Nusa Tenggara. In 1998/1999 the observation was focused on carrying capacity and soil properties. Feeding through grazing and cut and carry was applied to measure the carrying capacity. The experiment used randomized complete block design and the treatments  were arranged to split split plot design replicated four times. The main-plot treatments were (1) with wind breaker and (2) without wind breaker. The sub-plot treatments were four combinations of native grass land, introduced grass, and introduced legume: (A) native grass land, (B) native grass land + Paspalum sp.,(C) native grass land + Arachis gambrara, and (D) native grass land + Paspalum sp. + Arachis gambrara. The sub-sub-plot treatments were (a) grazing and (b) cut and carry. Furthermore the combination between treatments with wind breaker (1) and native grass land +Paspalum sp. +Arachis gambrata (D) was called silvy-pasture system, while the combination between treatments without wind breaker (2) and native grass land (A) was named native grass land. The results indicated that the highest fresh fodder production and carrying capacity both for the first and second harvesting were shown by the silvy-pasture system. The yields were 35.01 and 28.47 t/ha for the first and second harvesting, respectively. Meanwhile, the carrying capacity of the first harvesting using grazing and cut and carry were 1.47 and 1.75 cattle/ha/year with increasing life weights were 0.46 and 0.29 kg/day, respectively. For the second harvesting, the carrying capacities were 1.10 and 1.16 cattle/ha/year with increasing life weight about 0.28 kg/day, respectively. Introduction of Paspalum sp. and Arachis gambrata significantly improved carrying capacity of native grass land.
THE APPLICATION OF LANDSAT TM DATA AND SRTM DATA FOR DETECTION VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF FLOOD IN BENGAWAN SOLO WATERSHED RAHARJO, P.D.; LAROSA, T.F.
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 33 (2011): Juli 2011
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n33.2011.%p

Abstract

Bengawan Solo watershed is one of watershed that has frequent floods. Due to high rainfall in the rainy season, the river can?t accommodate the surface runoff and resulted flooding around the area. The high rainfall is not only causing flood in some areas upstream watershed, but also threaten the downstream areas in East Java province, especially Bojonegoro, Lamongan, Tuban and Gresik. Data of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) could detect assessment vulnerability of flooding. The research objective is to study flood vulnerability assessment in Bengawan Solo watershed using remote sensing data. The method is the combination of information from remote sensing data, i.e.. (1) to combine band 4 with band 7 Landsat TM in which the flood pixel value is ? 78; (2) to detect flow accumulation using SRTM data; and (3) to detect flooding areas at the altitude of 0-50 m. The result obtained from the study is the flood vulnerability in Bengawan Solo watershed including Sragen District (Masaran, Plupuh, Gesi, Sidoharjo Sub District); Ngawi (Widodaren, Kedungalar, Pitu SubDistrict); Tuban District (Rengel, Plumpang, Widang Sub District); Bojonegoro (Padangan, Malo, Kalitidu, Trucuk, Bojonegoro,Dander, Kanor, Baureno, Sumberejo Sub District); Lamongan (Laren, Solokuro, Karanggeneng, Kalitengah Sub District); Gresik Regency (Hamlet and Bungah Sub District).

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