Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate
The use of waste as an additional material on the building work was increasingly actively developed, such as straw, styrofoam, bagasse, cow manure. The key drivers of the use of waste is the potential for waste is increasing, due to the depletion of non-renewable resources. Papyrus rod diameter 60 cm, length 30 meters, has a volume of 5,652m3 as well as the edges of the Rods that can be used for construction with a thickness of 3 cm has a volume 0,942m3, Pith and fiber volume content of the stem 4,71m3/rod, then in one rod, there are 2 to 3 bunches each fruit bunches yield as much as 20 to 30 items for one harvest, by weight of fruit fiber 101.2 gram / fruit, Fiber characteristics are round and smooth is expected to reduce cracks in solid concrete brick and also can reduce the use of sand. This study aims to determine the compressive strength of the composition of the additional material of Rods fiber content and Fiber of palmyra fruit with a percentage 3%, 6% and 9%, mixing ratio; 1 cement and 5 sand in the manufacture of solid concrete brick. Rods fiber content used the average Ø1,031mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 39,305N / cm and fruit fiber to an average value Ø0,40mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 33,691N / cm. Making test specimen with a length of 20cm, width 10cm and thick 8cm. The test results of compressive strength after 14 days with the lowest value at 3% of additional material combination of fiber content of 6% fiber stem and fruit by 70,384Kg/cm²with a water content of 15,254% In weight position 2,935Kg as well as the highest value on the combination of additional material 0% rods fiber content and 3% fruit fiber by 98,821Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,031% In weight position 3,058Kg. While N (without additional material) with a compressive strength below the average id 63,704Kg/cm2 with water content of 10,167 in weight position 3,072Kg. Research result of solid concrete brick with additional material of rods fiber content and palmyra fruit fiber was included on the type B70, the average value of the compressive strength of 78.57 Kg / cm² (SNI-03-1348-1989) with a water content of <25%.
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<![CDATA[The American-Turkish Relationship and Its Effect on the Syrian Crisis ]]>
<![CDATA[Al-Awamleh, Ra'ad A.]]>;
<![CDATA[Alkhalaileh, Yusra S.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 10 No. 6 (2019): November 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[The Syrian crises have been an issue of international concern since 2011. The conflict, which pitched the Bashar al-Assad led Baath regime against domestic and international oppositions, has led to a chain of events which have cascaded into social, economic, and humanitarian crisis in Turkey which shares boundary with Syria. With the toll of dead civilians and combatants exceeding a half million and displaced refugees reaching more than five million people especially women and children, the attention of the US has been drawn to the region. The need for the US and Turkey to work together is traditional. However, differing perspectives have led to different priorities. This paper examines the Turkish focus on Syria as a foreign policy dilemma and American focus on the terrorism and the humanitarian aspect of the crisis and how this have affected the crisis in Syria.]]>
<![CDATA[Literacy and the Girl-Child Empowerment for Sustainable Development: A Study of Amma Darko’s Faceless ]]>
<![CDATA[Egbung, Itang Ede]]>;
<![CDATA[Owan, Jayne]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 10 No. 6 (2019): November 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[This paper examines literacy as a veritable tool towards the empowerment of the girl-child that leads to sustainable development in the family in particular and the larger society. Literacy is the ability to read and write; formal education is the avenue through which this can be achieved. Education is an investment that when properly utilized can empower, liberate and embolden; on the other hand, the lack of education exposes one to exploitation, oppression, ignorance and poverty. Using Amma Darko’s Faceless, this paper discovers that the girl-child who lacks education is exposed to the danger of poverty and prostitution, but through the intervention of a group of educated women in MUTE; hope and a bright future is given to the vulnerable girl-child. Applying the feminist theory that advocates for the freedom and self-assertion of the female gender from ignorance, oppression and exploitation; this paper concludes that the rehabilitation of the street girl-child by the literate women empowers her to be a source of livelihood for her family, thereby sustaining economic development and reducing petty crime rate in the society which is prevalent among the youths due to illiteracy.]]>
<![CDATA[“Erong†as Supplementary Learning Materials for Tourism Geography of Toraja Tribe in South Sulawesi, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Suni, Muhadjir]]>;
<![CDATA[Ridwan, Masri]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 10 No. 6 (2019): November 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA['Erong' in Toraja Tribe is a funeral tradition which is potentially used as a learning source for Tourism Geography. The research aimed at discovering the use of ‘erong’ in funeral tradition of Toraja. The concerns of this research were the history of 'erong’, its the development process, and the optimalization of 'erong' as supplementary learning materials on the topic of potential attraction on the Tourism Geography course in Tourism Polytechnic of Makassar. This ethnographic study employed observation and in-depth interview in collecting the data. The collected data applied was based on their category and chronology then simultaneously checked and coded. The data verification strategy used triangulation, member checking, and audit trial. This research revealed the history underlying the tradition of ‘erong’ including the belief in Aluk Sanda Pitunna (Rule 7777) which was originated from the teachings of the ancestors (Aluk Todolo). ‘Erong’ as Austronesian culture came through the transformation into Pata'ne. Nowadays the uniqueness of Toraja's culture makes it popular as destination for both local and international tourists. In optimizing the integration of this tradition into curriculum of Tourism Geography within the scope of Tourism Polytechnic of Makassar, the result of this research will become supplementary textbook. Further study is recommended to conduct in-depth research on the potential of other local tourism destinations in Toraja such as Rambu Solo ceremony (funeral), Rambu Tuka (thanksgiving), traditional house Tongkonan, and Passiliran (baby grave).]]>
<![CDATA[Teachers Utilization of Instructional Materials for Effective Teaching of Business Studies in Junior Secondary Schools in Delta State ]]>
<![CDATA[Onajite, G. O.]]>;
<![CDATA[Olaniyi, O. N.]]>;
<![CDATA[Oyerinde, D. O.]]>;
<![CDATA[Onyesom, Moses]]>;
<![CDATA[Aina, M. A.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 10 No. 6 (2019): November 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[This study examined teachers’ utilization of instructional materials for effective teaching of business studies in junior secondary schools in Delta State. The study was guide by three research questions. The study employed the descriptive survey research design. Population for the study consisted of 665 business studies teachers in the 448 public junior secondary schools in Delta State. The proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 50% of 333 out from 665 business studies teachers from 224 public junior secondary schools in Delta State. A questionnaire titled: Teachers’ Utilization of Instructional Materials for Teaching Business Studies Questionnaire (TUIMTBSQ), containing 38 items was used in conducting the study. Both the validity and reliability of the research instrument were established. Data were analyzed using mean score at 2.50 rating and standard deviation. Findings of the study revealed among others that business studies teachers’ utilization of instructional materials such as printed and non-printed materials for effective teaching of the subject in junior secondary schools in Delta State was to a low extent, which was minimal. The study recommended among others that: State Government and State Education Board should support teachers’ utilization of printed and non-printed instructional materials in business studies through adequate funding and procurement of materials needed in teaching business studies in the junior secondary schools in Delta State. Principals should also improvise the required printed and non-printed instructional materials for business studies teachers in the school. This must be accorded with constant supervision and continuous staff training and retraining programmes that will improve teachers’ utilization of printed and non-printed technological devices that will aid effective teaching in the classroom.]]>
<![CDATA[Herdsmen/Native Farmers’ Violence in Benue State and Food Security in Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Alao, David Oladimeji]]>;
<![CDATA[Shaibume, Benjamin]]>;
<![CDATA[Ogunwemimo, Taiwo]]>;
<![CDATA[Alao, Esther Monisola]]>;
<![CDATA[Ogunwemimo, Oluwafisayo]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 10 No. 6 (2019): November 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[The herdsmen/farmers’ violence in Benue State, Nigeria has constituted security challenges and could have contributed to food insecurity as more than 2000 lives were lost in Nigeria and over 170,000 were internally displaced in Benue state, a state tagged “food Basket of Nigeriaâ€. The paper among others examined the effects of the violence on food production in Benue State and Nigeria. It was descriptive study that adopted mixed method, using quantitative and qualitative approaches by relying on secondary data. The violence was negatively significantly correlated with sorghum production alone out of ten food crops examined in Benue State (p0.05). Population growth was significantly correlated with maize production only (p=0.023); agricultural budgetary allocation was positively significantly correlated with rice production only (p=0.001). It concluded that food insecurity in Nigeria was beyond herdsmen/farmers’ violence. It recommended modernization and transformation of agriculture to increase food production and government should develop political will and be proactive in confronting security challenges in an inclusive manner.]]>
<![CDATA[Legal Reasoning of the Deconstruction of Protection Patters Ambiguity to Home-Based Workers in Indonesia’s Labor Law ]]>
<![CDATA[Imron, Ali]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 10 No. 6 (2019): November 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Increasingly widespread of self-employment and bulk jobs are triggered by the pressures of labor market flexibility, production process externality, and the high level of unemployment. One reason for this situation is the effects of globalization which stimulates transnational production system through the expansion of global supply chain in developing countries. Indonesia attempts to stay afloat of the competition by inviting transnational corporations to operate within it, offering low wage incentives and natural resources abundant to attract them. The purpose of this study is to examine the legislative products and policies of employment which are ambiguous in guaranteeing work protection for home-based workers, particularly the essential factors that hinder home-based workers from obtaining the assurance of the minimum standards of decent work in industrial employment relationships. The methodology that is used is based on empirical data followed by an evaluative examination on the interrelation between norms and facts. It is focused on deductive and inductive logic that reconstructs the construct of legal system in the field of labor, evaluates intensively the compliance with current provisions, and recommends currently required substantial changes in regulations and policies. A post-modern thought has emerged as a form of resistance to the state’s hegemonic power of the law which demands that the dominant influences be gradually limited. Accordingly, a progressive law paradigm has been formed to delineate a legal reasoning to loosen the shackles of legal positivism. Legal transformation creates a bifurcation of legal patterns which are formalist, rationalist, and procedural-based, but in addition there is also the idea of giving precedence to substantial justice. It is also found that a legal enforcement which is bound to the literal implementation of law has a strong tendency to interpret the rule of law rigidly. It is important to adopt a progressive legal approach which promotes the fulfilment of the sense of substantial justice.]]>
<![CDATA[A General Profile of Organisational Culture in Family and non-Family Businesses ]]>
<![CDATA[Dorda, Beskida]]>;
<![CDATA[Shtëmbari, Eriona]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 10 No. 6 (2019): November 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Companies perform in the market by their unique organisational culture (OC). Literature has shown that OC is a crucial factor for successful businesses. Being such an important element, OC is widely studied and has captured the attention of researchers all over the world. Strategic orientation, tradition or new market’s demands are main factors that can influence the culture of each enterprise and can provide distinctive organisational cultures. This paper intends to fill a gap in the literature about the general dimensions of organisational culture in Albanian companies. This study also compares results between family and non-family firms. Albania is a developing country that is rapidly changing, and its market is affected by its national culture and globalisation as well. Around 30 years ago a free market was established in Albania. In this perspective, it will be beneficial to develop a comprehensive insight into the culture that business has created during this period of time. Data are gathered between December 2018 and June 2019. SPSS is used to analyse them. Company's fundamental values, attention to details and leaders as a good representation of OC are factors that showed interesting results, indicating a clear perception. Furthermore, regarding the attitudes of family businesses (FBs) compared to non-FBs, innovation and companies' behaviour toward their members are found to have differences.]]>
<![CDATA[Revisiting Disciplinary Control in Secondary Schools: The Issue of Corporal Punishment in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Ukpabio, Godfrey E.]]>;
<![CDATA[Usen, Mbon F.]]>;
<![CDATA[Etor, Comfort]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 10 No. 6 (2019): November 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[This research investigated the administration of corporal punishment as a disciplinary control mechanism in secondary schools of Nigeria with particular reference to Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. The concept of corporal punishment as a disciplinary control mechanism with the social issues associated with it was discussed. Three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study which adopted survey research design. A questionnaire titled: "Corporal Punishment and Disciplinary Control Questionnaire" (CPDCQ)was the instrument for data collection. The simple random sampling technique was used in selecting 200 teachers for this study. The data obtained was analyzed using Independent t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study showed that there is a significant difference in the administration of corporal punishment as a disciplinary control mechanism in secondary schools of Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State based on teachers’ gender and teachers’ teaching experience. The findings also revealed that there is a significant difference in the administration of corporal punishment as a disciplinary control mechanism of teachers working in public or private secondary schools in the study area. It was recommended among other things that since appropriate application of corporal punishment is associated with disciplinary control in these schools, a mechanism be put in place to guide usage and to check abuses.]]>
<![CDATA[Perception Against the Activity of Commercial Sex Workers in Slorok Village ]]>
<![CDATA[Jatmikowati, Sri Hartini]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 10 No. 6 (2019): November 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Prostitution has been renowned as social phenomena since ages ago. It becomes a disguised profession under the needs of sexual and social perspective. Prostitution usually occupies a specific area to establish the sex commercial activities to gain more profitable economic benefits. The sex workers and other parties have engaged intensely to defend the existence of prostitution activities and the corresponding area. This study is aimed to identify the perception of commercial sex workers about their professions. It is intended to reveal the motivation and expectation towards their sex activities. The study is conducted in the village of Slorok, Malang East Java, which have known as a prostitution area since the Dutch colonial era. The study applies a qualitative method to analyze the life of a phenomenon of the commercial sex workers especially in the prostitution area where sex activities are concentrated. From the research we found that the main perception of these sex workers emphasize the profession that occupied during a livelihood successfully meets their needs. Although there is a negative stigma from the society upon this profession, the commercial sex workers assume this profession is a self- selected with clear direction and objective which define as an action to survive their living and to meet the needs upon their life expectation.]]>
<![CDATA[Issues in Acceleration of Establishment of Domestic Wastewater Regulation in Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Nalle, Victor Imanuel W.]]>;
<![CDATA[Syaputri, Martika Dini]]>;
<![CDATA[Haryono, Priskila Fransisca]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 10 No. 6 (2019): November 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Statistical data showed that in 2017 only 67.89% household in Indonesia had access to proper sanitation. On the other hand, the National Medium-Term Development Plan targeted 100% universal access in 2019 that means in 2019 each household should have access to proper sanitation. However, the 2017 data of the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing showed that, only 34, out of 541 municipalities/ cities in Indonesia, have domestic wastewater regulations. This study aims to identify some issues hindering acceleration of the establishment of regional regulations on wastewater management; the goal of the regulations is 100% universal access in 2019. Establishment of domestic wastewater management regulation in the regions in Indonesia is hampered by multisectoral regulation in the national level that is closely related to the domestic wastewater sector. Domestic wastewater management is influenced heavily by the regulations in other sectors. Health, public housing and drinking water are three sectors connected to domestic wastewater. However, Indonesian government simplified domestic wastewater management in the regional level by putting Ministerial Decree on Domestic Wastewater Management System as the major guideline in establishment of local regulations.]]>
