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Dr. Ratih Damayanti
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Research Center for Biomaterials,Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
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INDONESIA
Wood Research Journal : Journal of Indonesian Wood Research Society
Published by Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia
ISSN : 20873840     EISSN : 27749320     DOI : 10.51850/wrj
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Wood Research Journal is the official journal of the Indonesian Wood Research Society. This journal is an international medium in exchanging, sharing and discussing the science and technology of wood. The journal publishes original manuscripts of basic and applied research of wood science and technology related to Anatomy, Properties, Quality Enhancement, Machining, Engineering and Constructions, Panel and Composites, Entomology and Preservation, Chemistry, Non Wood Forest Products, Pulp and Papers, Biomass Energy, and Biotechnology. Besides that, this journal also publishes review manuscripts which topics are decided by the Editors.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Kehutanan
Articles 9 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Wood Research Journal" : 9 Documents clear
Bioethanol Production from Several Tropical Wood Species using Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Processes M. Daud; Wasrin Syafii; Khaswar Syamsu
Wood Research Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2012.3.2.106-116

Abstract

The study was conducted to determine the best method of hydrolysis (saccharification) and fermentation for bioethanol production using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process. Three different tropical wood species namely gmelina wood (Gmelina sp.), pine wood (Pinus merkusii) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) were pre-treated using kraft process and then converted into bioethanol using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes. The pulp produced by kraft process was analized to determine their chemical properties before treatments. SSF was performed in 500 ml fermentors with total slurry of 200 ml. The substrate and nutrient media were autoclaved (121ºC and 20 min). The samples diluted to 2.5% (w/v) of total slurry were used as substrate. The enzyme preparation used commercial cellulase enzyme. The amount of cellulase added was 4 and 8% (w/w) of dry mass of samples. All SSF process was conducted by inoculating yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae into fermentor in the amount of 10% (v/v) 1.5 x 109 CFU/cc. The SSF experiments run for 96 h, and the data were investigated periodically every 24 h. The results showed total sugar and reducing sugar tended to decrease with time of inoculation whereas ethanol concentration increases significantly. The growth of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae tended to incease in initial inoculation and decrease by the end of inoculation. The best method of hydrolysis (saccharification) and fermentation using SSF process for all tropical wood species tested were using cellulase 8% of dry mass (DM) and 10% (v/v) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which produced bioethanol with concentration of 0.98; 0.57 and 0.51% for gmelina, pine and oil palm respectively and produced yields 11.21, 5.85 and 3.20%, in that order. 
Equations of the Sum of Shear Connector on the Double Shear Connection Strength using Different Connector Materials Dwi Joko Priyono; Surjono Surjokusumo; Yusuf S. Hadi; Naresworo Nugroho
Wood Research Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2012.3.2.81-86

Abstract

Mangium wood from the timber estate have been developed continuously in an effort to reach the fulfilling of wood fiber and construction material needs to replace role of timber from the natural forests which has been decreased. Timber connection requires a connector such as bolt that can distribute both the load of wood to wood and the compression or tensile stress through all the connections. Bearing slip is a connector that is inserted into a hole in the wood, which bears pressure and shear. Bolted connection is the most commonly used because it is easy to apply, even though it is less efficient due to the shear forces will be retained by the bolts and wood only on the cross-sectional area of the bolt. This research trying to find the equations of the sum of  bearing slip connector to the strength of double shear connection  which composed of 17 years old mangium. The connector was made from  different materials that consisted of the same mangium, compressed mangium, ironwood and steel. The bearing slip connector consisted of two forms (dowel and rectangular) and arranged on one until three pairs of connector. The size and placement of the double-shear component based on Anonymous (2002), each form of the sample was made in 4 replications and all of them have been tested using a 35-ton Baldwin UTM. The result showed that the rectangular steel bearing slip connector has the highest equation (y = 5322e0.329x ) meanwhile the lowest equation was the ironwood materials (y = 3164e0.405x ). All of equations give high correlations ( R2 between 0.743 to 0.947).  Bearing slip connector can improve the ability of the connection in load-bearing. Densified of mangium able to raise the connection system's ability however not significantly, both in strength and displacement. Ironwood connector are not well used as a retaining shear pin because of easy to split and significantly much below in capacity than mangium wood. Steel connector resulted the higher load-bearing significantly than mangium and ironwood. Dowel do not differ in terms of strength as compared with rectangle, and each additional number of connector producing an increase in load-bearing ability significantly. Observation on the displacement value shows that for the value which applied usually in Indonesia reach the strength ratio (SR) as 92.21% to the proportion limit and 44.91% to the maximum load. This value was in below position of the US standard  (24.17 and 11.77%) and of the Australian standard (51.46 and 25.06%) to the proportional limit and maximum load respectively. Displacement achievement at the proportional limit varies from 1.1 to 2.2 mm, so that the minimum requirement of 1.5 mm displacement is not fulfilled by some treatments, however all of the connection system have passed the 1 mm displacement.
Enzymatic Saccharification and Ethanol Production of Xylem from Purwodadi Botanical Garden Trees Mariko Sakata; Mito Tokue; Rumi Kaida; Teruaki Taji; Yoichi Sakata; Takahisa Hayashi; Dwi Narko; Fitria Fitria; Danang Sudarwoko Adi; Wahyu Dwianto
Wood Research Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2012.3.2.117-120

Abstract

Recent studies have revealed that sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) xylem consists of soft walls which are easily hydrolysable with a commercial cellulase preparation. We felt it important to determine the saccharification levels for fast-growing tropical trees, of which sengon, one of the fastest growing tree species in Indonesia, was used as the control wood species. The aim of this study was to screen and evaluate the xylem of Purwodadi Botanical Garden trees for saccharification in order to assess their potential usefulness in bioethanol production. Saccharification and fermentation were first examined in the xylem derived from the branches of 32 trees. The xylem was then milled into powder using a ball mill, and the powdered xylem was digested with a commercial cellulase preparation (Accelerase, Palo Alto, USA) derived from Trichoderma viride. The levels of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and ethanol production were higher for Firmiana malayana and Pterocarpus indicus than for sengon. 
Load Carrying Capacity of Drift Pin Joint of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) with Steel Insert Plate Shoichi Nakashima; Akihisa Kitamori; Kohei Komatsu
Wood Research Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2012.3.2.87-93

Abstract

Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) is a structural plate element which is approved in Europe and is intended to be approved in Japan. It consists of small dimension laminae, in which laminae parallel and perpendicular to longitudinal direction are interlaminated. We performed tensile tests for the drift pin joint with steel insert plate. Specimen consisted of CLT was made from Japanese cedar laminae (thickness of laminae t = 30mm, five laminae were layered), with steel drift pin plate. Odd-numbered layers were parallel to the longitudinal axis, and even-numbered layers were perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The experimental parameters were edge distances (3d, 4d and 7d), end distances (3d, 4d and 7d) and diameters of pin (12 and 16 mm) and the replication were three respectively. Initial stiffness was lower than the results of glulam drift pin joint loaded in parallel to the grain, however second stiffness after the yield of drift pin was higher because the lateral compression occurred at even-numbered layers. Additionally, ductility was higher because split failures around the pin were prevented by the glued effect of interlaminated layers. As the characteristic value of test results, initial stiffness K, yield load Py, maximum load Pmax, indicated the effect of the difference of the diameter of the pin, while deformation capacity indicated the effect of edge distance.
Application of Pulp Fiber for Automotive Brake Lining Wawan Kartiwa Haroen; Posma Reginald Panggabean
Wood Research Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2012.3.2.61-67

Abstract

Mechanical and/or chemical pulp fiber is usually used for papermaking and other kind of paper products. In fact, physical properties of chemical and/or mechanical pulp showed that it can be utilized as filler of automotive brake lining.  Mechanical pulp is non-asbestos cellulosic fiber with high heat absorption rate which can fit into criterion of good quality brake lining. Pulp  fiber was defiberation mixed with some other composite materials can create high fiber bonding with some hardness, friction materials, clutching, heat and dust retainer fiber which is free of asbestos fiber. Current automotive brake lining uses asbestos fiber as main filler, which is in fact known as cancer triggers.  A series of study and assessment in using pulp fiber in a specified composition as brake lining filler have been carried out. The research and field experiment revealed that a mixture of pulp fiber can be further examined and feasible for brake lining prototype filler application which is ready for automotive vehicles operation. The development and application fiber brake lining filler has been tested on two wheeled vehicles with considerable result.
Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Mahogany Bark Extract-loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Syamsul Falah; Sulistiyani Sulistiyani; Dimas Andrianto
Wood Research Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2012.3.2.94-99

Abstract

Nanoparticles-based drug delivery has been recognized to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, prolong the half-life of drug systematic circulation by reducing immunogenicity, and releases drugs at a sustain rate. The present study reports on the characterization of mahogany bark extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and their antioxidant activity.  Mahogany bark meal was extracted in boiled water for four hours.  Chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) nanospheres were sonicated with ultrasonicator to obtain chitosan-STTP nanocapsules for 30 and 60 min and then were dried with spray dryer. The chitosan-STPP nanocapsules loaded by mahogany extract were then analysed for surface morphology and physical state by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Antioxidant activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated by scavenging the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) using free radical method. Based on SEM data, the nanoparticle shapes were viewed to adhere to spherical shape. Spherical chitosan-STTP nanoparticles loaded with mahogany bark extract were obtained in the size range of 480 ~ 2000 nm and 240 ~ 1000 nm for 30 and 60 min of ultrasonication time, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the nanoparticles was lower than that of the native mahogany bark extract. 
Effects of Temperature and Time of Carbonization on the Properties of Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) Carbon Subyakto Subyakto; Ismail Budiman; Gustan Pari
Wood Research Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2012.3.2.68-73

Abstract

Lignocellulosic materials such as wood and bamboo have special characteristics when carbonized at high temperature. For example the electrical conductivity of wood and bamboo increases when carbonized at temperature of 800°C or higher. This property can be used for developing smart materials such as fiber reinforced concrete which has function as sensors for load, damage or temperature. In this experiment, betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) was carbonized at different temperatures and times of carbonization. The purpose of this experiment was to observe the effect of temperature and time of carbonization on the properties of bamboo carbon. Bamboo in the form of particles were carbonized at temperature of 400°C for 300 min and continued at temperatures of 700, 800, or 900°C for 45, 60, or 90 min. Carbon properties such as yield, fixed carbon, volatile matters, and ash content were determined. Structure properties were studied by X Ray Diffraction (XRD), morphological properties were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and electrical conductivity was measured using LCR meter. Result shows that increasing temperature and time of carbonization have significant effects on the structure and other properties of bamboo carbon. Carbonization at temperature of 800°C for 60 min was considered as an optimum condition.
Effect of Melaleuca leucadendron, Cananga odorata and Pogostemon cablin Oil Odors on Human Physiological Responses Rini Pujiarti; Yoshito Ohtani; Titis Budi Widowati; Wahyudi Wahyudi; Kasmudjo Kasmudjo; N. Kaushalya Herath; Chao Nan Wang
Wood Research Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2012.3.2.100-105

Abstract

The aims of this study were to evaluate the main compounds and the effect of M. leucadendron, C. odorata and P. cablin essential oil odors on human physiological responses. The chemical compounds of essential oils in this study were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the physiological effects of essential oils on human were analyzed via the sense of smell olfactory system. Physiological parameters of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, stress index, and brain wave were recorded before and after sniffing essential oils. The result shows that the main compound of M. leucadendron, C. odorata, and P. cablin is 1,8-cineole, Caryophyllene and Patchouli Alcohol, respectively. Our results demonstrated that M. leucadendron and C. odorata oil odors possessed sedative effect and P. cablin oil odor had tendency to contain stimulating effect on human physiologies. 
Development of Cement-Coir Carbon Fiber Composites with Damage Self Detection Capability Ismail Budiman; Subyakto Subyakto; Akhiruddin Maddu; Gustan Pari
Wood Research Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2012.3.2.74-80

Abstract

Research on the manufacture of cement-carbon composite materials using carbon fiber from coconut coir fiber has been performed. Carbonization was carried out at two phases. First, it was carbonized at a temperature of 400°C for 300 min and continued by the second phase at a temperature of 800°C for 60 min. The structures of carbon fiber was measured using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) while the sample surface analysis was carried out using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the electrical conductivity of samples was measured using LCR (Inductance Capasitance and Resistance) meter. Three carbon types (carbon without treatment, carbon soaked in 10% and 20% solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH)) were used to manufacture cement-carbon composites. Three levels of carbon content of 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0% by weight of cement were used. Results showed that the cement-carbon composite added with soaked carbon in 20% solution of KOH at 1.0% carbon content has the best properties of compressive strength (24.94 ± 1.24 MPa), modulus of rupture (MOR) (5.23 ± 0.47 MPa) and damage self-detection (load at the first crack = 21.04 N).

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