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Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry

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Published by Universitas Pakuan

ISSN : 27761711 EISSN : 27764508 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/helium.v2i1.5407

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology

Welcome to Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry. Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry is a journal that publishes scientific papers in the field of chemistry. This Journal, run by Chemistry Study Program, Universitas Pakuan, Bogor. The Journal provides opportunities for scholars to submit papers in chemistry, and also management policies related to all aspects of chemistry and its sub-disciplines. The manuscript will not only be concerned with physical, organic, inorganic, analytical, and biochemistry but also in general science, and its applications are welcome, and fields that will be published online. The internet connection will add to the richness of information and scientific knowledge derived mainly from research. This journal is published two times a year, well documented in the form of books, which include a variety of chemistry papers by writers of various backgrounds. In addition, we also have partners from local editors who graduated as professor from some universities who will review each article before publication. Each article or paper published in this Journal will definitely be useful to all visitors and readers. Articles submitted to this journal will be reviewed by reviewers before publication by blind review.

Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)

Articles 42 Documents

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UREA CORE COATING WITH CROSSLINKED HYDROPHILIC POLIMERS FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE FERTILIZER APPLICATION Sujono Sujono; Zainal A. Mas’ud
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 1, No 2 (2021): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Controlled release fertilizer (CRF) can be made by coating the fertilizer core with a polymer layer. The simultaneous coating reaction of the polymerization needs to be controlled in the reactor. A controlled reactor system was developed for the polymerization of granular fertilizer coating using integrated electronic control of the 8-bit ATTiny 2313 AVR microcontroller chip. Urea granule fertilizer is coated with hydrophilic polymer polyacrylamide and crosslinked polyacrylate with N,N'-methylene-bis acrylamide (MBA). The reaction was initiated by benzoyl peroxide (BPO) at 61 oC. The coating was successfully formed in 45 minutes reaction. The coating process in the control reactor was more effective than without control, thereby reducing the deposition of polymer deposits that did not coat the fertilizer. The characterization of the fertilizer coating layer based on infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that polymerization synthesis had occurred based on the presence of C=C bonds. The IR spectrum showed a reduced absorption of the C=C stretching vibration medium in the acrylamide monomer compared with the polymer (crosslinked polyacrylamide), namely the wavenumbers of 1614 cm-1 in acrylamide and 1601 cm-1 in polyacrylamide spectrum. Similarly, the loss of C=C absorption in the crosslinked polyacrylate spectrum but appeared in the acrylic monomer spectrum at 1636 cm-1 wave. This group is reduced or lost after polymerization due to an addition reaction.

The Effect of Yeast Starter Variations on the Quality of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Using the Fermentation Method Dine Agustine; Meylika Mawar Gumilang; Nia Komalasari
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 1, No 1 (2021): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Virgin Coconut oil (VCO) is a coconut processed product that has high benefits and economic value. One of the methods of making VCO is the fermentation method. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the percentage of 3 types of yeast (starter yeast tape, starter yeast bread (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and tempeh yeast (Rhizopus sp) on the quality of VCO produced in terms of volume, viscosity, organoleptic(color, distinctive coconut odor) and chemical test (moisture content, acid number, free fatty acid, peroxide number) The manufacturing method used was the fermentation method by varying the percentage ratio of starter for each yeast by 3%, 6%, and 9%. The results showed the addition of starter percentage Yeast has an effect on the volume of VCO produced, moisture content, acid number, free fatty acids, and viscosity These results have met the quality standards according to SNI 7381: 2008 and APCC (Asian and Pacific Coconut Community).

Development of A Hybrid Method by Integrating Electrocoagulation Countinous System with Activated Charcoal Adsorption to Treat Sago Wastewater Amelia Puspitasari; Sutanto Sutanto; Linda Jati Kusumawadani
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 2, No 1 (2022): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Wastewater from the sago industry can pose a risk of pollution because it contains chemicals such as high organic matter content, fiber, 4% unextracted starch, nitrogen solution, and cyanoglucoside which are difficult to degrade in the environment. Sago wastewater is generally acidic, has foul smells, and has a high solids concentration. In this study, a hybrid method using electrocoagulation continuous system and activated carbon adsorption was developed to decrease organic and inorganic contaminates which considered importand environmental concern. These two methods have the advantages of simple equipment, easy operation, low efficiency, and short reaction time. The flow rate will affect the pause time of the sample in the reactor. The longer the pause time, feeding will lead to an increase in the level of turbidity that can be lowered. Industrial wastewater variations in the initial analysis then carried out the electrocoagulation process in a continuous system with a container capacity of 1680 mL with an electrode distance of 2 cm, a voltage of 18 volts, and wastewater into a container with a flow rate of 1 mL/, 2 mL/second, 3 mL/ sec, 4 mL/sec, and 5 mL/sec. In addition, the waste is directly into a container containing charcoal. The parameters studied were COD, BOD, TSS, TDS, KMnO4, DO, pH, DHL, and Al concentration analysis with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, odor, and color analysis. The maximum removal efficiency for TDS, TSS. COD, BOD, TDS, KMnO4 were 81.16%, 87.58%, 91.32%, 48.66%, 99.07%, for a flow rate of 1 mL/second, also other parameters also met have met the quality standards set by PerMenLH No. 5.

Optimization of The Addition Of Polivinil Alcohol (PVA) as A Plasticizer In Biofilm with Tapioca-Chitosan Flour Material Tri Aminingsih; Leny Heliawati; Muhammad Fathurrahman
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 1, No 1 (2021): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

The addition of a plasticizer, namely polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a plasticizer, will increase flexibility and prevent the polymer from cracking. The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of biofilms from tapioca-chitosan flour with or without the addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and determine the mass of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) which can provide optimum mechanical properties of biofilms, test the biodegradability of biofilms and polypropylene plastics and to analyze biofilms using FT-IR. The making of biofilm from 4% tapioca flour and 2% chitosan was carried out by adding variations of polyvinyl alcohol as much as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 grams to each tapioca-chitosan flour solution. The effect of adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can be seen from the results of the tensile strength test, the breaking length test, the water resistance test and the biodegradability test. The resulting biofilm functional group analysis was performed by FT-IR. The results showed that the addition of PVA could increase the tensile strength and breaking length, but decreased the water resistance of the biofilm. The optimum mechanical properties of tapioca-chitosan flour biofilm resulted from the addition of 3 grams of PVA with a tensile strength of 2.163 kgf / cm2, the breaking length of 13.64% and 12.46% of absorbed water. Biofilms can be degraded by the fungus Aspergilus niger. The results of biofilm analysis using FTIR indicate the presence of functional groups (CH, NH2, NH, OH, CO and CN) which are the functional groups of the biofilm constituent materials. The optimum mechanical properties of tapioca-chitosan flour biofilm resulted from the addition of 3 grams of PVA with a tensile strength of 2.163 kgf / cm2, the breaking length of 13.64% and 12.46% of absorbed water. Biofilms can be degraded by the fungus Aspergilus niger. The results of biofilm analysis using FT-IR indicate the presence of functional groups (CH, NH2, NH, OH, CO and CN) which are the functional groups of the biofilm constituent materials.

STUDY OF REACTION KINETICS AND IDENTIFICATION OF CLOTRIMAZOLE DEGRADATION COMPOUNDS IN ANTI-FUNGAL CREAM PREPARATIONS Cellia Christiana Batubara; Ani Iryani; Linda Jati Kusumawardani
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 1, No 2 (2021): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Fungal infections of the skin can be treated with antifungal compounds, one of which is clotrimazole. Under certain conditions, clotrimazole can be degraded to imidazole and (o-chlorophenyl) diphenyl methanol which can cause skin irritation. This is because the storage conditions of the drug product during or after use if it is not suitable, can interfere with the stability of the drug product. Therefore, this study was conducted to obtain information regarding changes in clotrimazole levels, reaction order, reaction constant value, half-life, activation energy, and the possibility of compounds formed after the clotrimazole degradation process to determine the good storage conditions of the product. Clotrimazole levels were tested in the open and closed state of the packaging every day at different storage temperatures for three months. Changes in clotrimazole levels were measured using HPLC every week. In addition, the identification of compounds resulting from degradation was also tested using HPLC every month and continued using LC-MS/MS in the last week. The results of the analysis of clotrimazole levels, there was a decrease in levels but still in accordance with the specifications required by the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia. The greatest decrease in levels occurred in samples stored at a temperature of 40±2oC which reached 9133%. The decrease in clotrimazole levels followed a first-order reaction with the shortest half-life of 90 weeks and activation energy of 18.9 kJ/mol. Identification of the degraded compounds using HPLC and LC-MS/MS found imidazole compounds and (o-chlorophenyl) diphenyl methanol in samples stored at 25±2oC and 40±2oC. These compounds can cause skin irritation, but these compounds may not have a serious impact because they have a fairly large body threshold value of 220 mg/kg. This shows that clotrimazole cream stored at various temperatures, both at 5±2oC, 25±2oC, and 40±2oC can still be used for three months after the packaging is opened according to the in-use shelf life.

Addition of Maltodextrin Concentration to Anthocyanin Characteristics and Levels in the Manufacture of Natural Dyes from the Skin of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Eka Herlina; Diana Widiastuti; Fatwa Rachmawati Annissa
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 1, No 1 (2021): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Synthetic dyes in food products can cause health problems, making some people reduce such products' consumption. Alternatively, instead of avoiding consumption, people can do better by switching to natural dyes in food processing. One possible solution is to use the red dragon fruit's skin (hylocereus polyrhizus), containing anthocyanin pigments of the cyanidin-3-glucoside type. The purpose of this study is to propose the use of red dragon fruit's skin as a natural dye and to determine the characteristics, anthocyanin levels, and shelf life of red dragon fruit peel dye. The making of red dragon fruit peel dye was done by first extracting it with a maceration technique. After that, maltodextrin was added to the filtrate while the drying temperature was carried out at 28Â°C and 13Â°C. The results showed that natural dyes with a concentration of 30% maltodextrin at 13Â° C were the selected dyes and had the best characteristics. The total yield analysis resulted was 11.30%; pH measurement of 4.24; water content of 1.03%; solubility of 98.08%; color intensity L value of 59.41; a value of 33.44; and the b value of -7.78. The results obtained from the analysis of anthocyanin levels were 15.0290 ppm. The total plate number test obtained is 2.1 x 102 colonies/gram with a storage life of 282 days.

Characterization of Batik Industrial Wastewater in Bogor City Siti Kholisoh; Intan Wulandari; Ani Iryani; Sutanto Sutanto; Siti Warnasih
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 2, No 1 (2022): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Wastewater from the batik industry in Bogor City is the most waste produced from the dyeing process. The batik industry produces waste with concentrated color due to the high concentration of color content from the dyeing process. This affects water bodies as a direct disposal site for waste. Batik waste also has the potential to contain heavy metal compounds derived from the composition of dyes. This will have an impact on the disruption of the balance in the environment around the industry. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize batik wastewater to determine the pollutant content. This research aims to characterize the batik industry wastewater in the city of Bogor by measuring the levels of COD, BOD, TSS, pH, temperature, total chromium content, total phenol content, and sulfide content according to the parameters P.16/MENLKH/SETJEN /KUM.1/4/2019. The results showed the characteristics of the wastewater from the batik industry in Bogor City with levels of COD in dyeing waste at 797 mg/L and total waste at 52463 mg/L, BOD levels in dyeing waste at 431 mg/L, and total waste at 238 mg/L. TSS in the dyeing waste is 706.5 mg/L and the total waste is 3679 mg/L, the temperature in the dyeing waste is 26.9 °C and the total waste is 26.3°C, pH in staining waste at 1.62 and total waste at 6.82; the total chromium content in the staining waste was 2.62 mg/L and the total waste was 940.2 mg/L, the total phenol content and sulfide content in the dyeing waste and total waste was not detected. The characteristics of batik waste are not by the established quality standards, so there is a need for processing before the waste is discharged into the environment.

THE EFFECT OF FORTIFICATION OF BRANDS AND CHITOSAN ON TEMPEH ON FIBER LEVELS AND PROBIOTIC BACTERIA GROWTH Nunung Kurniasih; Farah Dinna; Vina Amalia; Diana Widiastuti
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 1, No 2 (2021): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Tempeh is a food made from soybean seeds processed through fermentation using Rhizopus sp. This processed food in the form of tempeh contains various nutrients that the body needs such as protein, fat, carbohydrates, and minerals but does not contain enough fiber. Therefore, fortification of rice bran and chitosan was carried out on tempeh. Rice bran is a by-product of rice milling which has a high fiber content. While chitosan is chitin that has removed the acetyl group. Chito-oligosaccharides (COS) contained in chitosan can act as natural prebiotics, preservatives, antimicrobials, lower cholesterol levels and are immunostimulants. The purpose of this study was to determine the fiber content and growth of the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus in soybean tempeh (A), rice bran (B), chitosan (C), the ratio of soybean tempeh: rice bran (6: 3) + 2% chitosan (D) and the ratio of soybean tempeh: bran (6: 2) + 2% chitosan (E). The method used for the analysis of fiber content was gravimetric, while the growth of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus was used to determine the potential of prebiotics contained in samples A, B, C, D, and E. The results obtained in this study were fortification of rice bran and chitosan in tempeh had high levels of fiber and the number of probiotic bacteria cells was higher than soybean tempeh. The higher the bran added, the higher the fiber content and the number of probiotic bacterial cells. while the growth of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus was used to determine the potential of prebiotics contained in samples A, B, C, D, and E. The results obtained in this study were bran and chitosan fortifications in tempeh had higher fiber content and cell counts of probiotic bacteria than soybean tempeh. The higher the bran added, the higher the fiber content and the number of probiotic bacterial cells. while the growth of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus was used to determine the potential of prebiotics contained in samples A, B, C, D, and E. The results obtained in this study were bran and chitosan fortifications in tempeh had higher fiber content and cell counts of probiotic bacteria than soybean tempeh. The higher the bran added, the higher the fiber content and the number of probiotic bacterial cells.

EFFECTS OF YEAST WEIGHT AND STARTER VOLUME ON THE PERCENTAGE KEPOK BANANA BASED BIOETHANOL Kurnia Dewi Budi Cantika; Anisa Sinta Nabila; Difa Afiyah Sucisatryani
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 1, No 2 (2021): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

The low availability of energy resources is in line with the increasing human need for these resources, such as fossil fuels which are increasingly expensive because they are difficult to obtain right. Bioethanol is an environmentally friendly liquid produced from the glucose fermentation process from carbohydrate sources of natural raw materials with the help of microorganisms in baker's yeast. The focus of the research is on the waste of kepok banana peels because it has a high starch content of 18.5%. In addition, kepok banana peel waste is easy to obtain and has not been widely used by the community. This study aims to determine the effect of yeast weight and starter volume in the manufacture of bioethanol and the quality of the bioethanol produced by comparing the levels with the reference levels of bioethanol as an alternative fuel. The bioethanol obtained from the starch of the kepok banana peel has gone through a fermentation process with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and refined into pure bioethanol. Based on the related literature review, it shows that the greater the weight of yeast and the volume of starter used in the manufacture of kepok banana peel bioethanol influences the yield of bioethanol content which also increases so that it affects the quality of the bioethanol produced. However, the level of bioethanol that is obtained has not reached the standard range of SNI 7390:2012 with a minimum level of bioethanol as a substitute for fuel being 94.0-95.5%. Thus, bioethanol cannot be used as a substitute for fossil fuels and further research is needed with the use of the optimum amount of yeast and starter volume and re-purification.

Chicken Bone Based Adsorbent for Adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) Metals Ion Liquid Waste Uswatun Hasanah; Ani Iryani; Agus Taufiq; Dimas Apryandi Darma Putra
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 1, No 1 (2021): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

High productivity of chicken meat for supplying society also make some impact in high productivity of chicken bone and because itâ€™s unraveling properties makes this become waste. Pharmaceuticalâ€™s Waste comes from production process, adstertion of production tools, laboratory activities and rejected product. Laboratoryâ€™s routine analysis also producing residual waste analysis, one of the source is come from heavy metals analysis of Pb, Cd, dan Hg. General process for waste treatment producing high quantity of sludge, mean while using third party service have impact in high costing of transportation and treatment process. An alternatif way for this case is using sorption treatment. Initial research starts from preparation of chicken bone-based adsorbent and its characterization using SEM and FTIR, followed by quality analysis of fresh waste (which is waste A and waste B) observed at pH, COD, TDS, TSS also Pb, Cd, dan Hg metals. Adsorption process was observed from adsorbentâ€™s graying temperature, adsorbentâ€™s particle size, contact time, pH of waste, and adsorbentâ€™s weight. Best result from adsorption process were applicated at fresh waste and simulation waste of Pb, Cd, and Hg metals also re-testing quality analysis of fresh waste and simulation waste for before-after result comparing purpose. The purpose of this research is for characterizing chicken bone-based adsorbent, observing adsorption process of Â Characterization of chicken bone ash based adsorbent has been carried out in adsorbing Pb, Cd, and Hg metals in pharmaceutical laboratory waste. Functional group analysis with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) showed that the chicken bone ash adsorbent contained the mineral compound apatite carbonate. Surface morphology with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) shows that the adsorbent surface is porous and appears to be adsorbing metals. From the adsorption observations, it was found that the best adsorption conditions were at an ashing temperature of 800 oC, particle size of 80 mesh, contact time of 30 minutes, waste conditions at pH 6 and an adsorbent weight of 600 mg. Application chicken bone-based adsorbent against pharmaceutical waste shows its existence improve the quality of waste but still do not meet the quality standard requirements for Hg metal.

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Contact Name Muhammad Fathurrahman

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Phone +6285221147578

Journal Mail Official he_jsac@unpak.ac.id

Editorial Address Jl. Pakuan No 1. Ciheuleut, Kel. Tegallega, kec. Kota Bogor Tengah, Kota Bogor, Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat

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Abstract

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Contact Name
Muhammad Fathurrahman

Contact Email
he_jsac@unpak.ac.id

Phone
+6285221147578

Journal Mail Official
he_jsac@unpak.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Pakuan No 1. Ciheuleut, Kel. Tegallega, kec. Kota Bogor Tengah, Kota Bogor, Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat

Location
Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA