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Berkala Ilmiah Biologi
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 08537240     EISSN : 29644429     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bib.v14i3
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Veterinary
Biologi Fungsional, Struktur dan Perkembangan, Bioteknologi dan Biologi Molekuler, serta Biologi Lingkungan dan Biodiversitas
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 32 Documents
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Ethnobotanical Study of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) in Lebakrejo Village, Purwodadi District, Pasuruan Regency Siti Salma Nur Fahima; Ari Hayati; Hasan Zayadi
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 13 No 1 (2022): Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Biologi
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v13i1.4073

Abstract

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) is a plant that has many benefits ranging from leaves, stems, fruit to seeds. This study aims to evaluate the public's perception of aspects of the utilization and alanyze the distribution of tamarind in Lebakrejo Village, Purwodadi District, Pasuruan Regency. This research uses descriptive exploratory methods include: literature study, observations, interviews using questionnaires, and data analysis. The results of this study indicate that the perception of the people of Lebakrejo Village, Purwodadi District, Pasuruan Regency using tamarind in various daily needs, including herbal medicine, food ingredients, fuel, tools, animal feed, medicine, sources of income, culture, cultivation, and land boundaries. The distribution of tamarind in Lebakrejo village based on land use is distributed in the houseyard, farmland, and roadside with each frequency is 100%.
Cephalometry Variation of Bataknese Maria Natalina Lumban Gaol; Niken Satuti Nur Handayani
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 13 No 1 (2022): Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Biologi
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v13i1.4100

Abstract

Indonesia is a country that consists of various ethnic groups, one of the largest ethnic groups in Indonesia is Bataknese. Bataknese divided into several sub-ethnics, with the largest sub-ethnics are Batak Toba, Batak Karo and Batak Simalungun. This research aims to analyze cephalometric variation of Bataknese. An increase of various ethnic groups in various regions, followed by an increase in traffic activity and the quantity of crime can lead to an increase of traffic accidents and crime victims. Therefore, this research needs to be carried out to determine cephalometric variations and cephalometric index in the Bataknese which can be used in the process of revealing the identity of crime victims and traffic accidents. This research involved 60 subjects of Bataknese, consisting of 20 people of Batak Toba, 20 people of Batak Karo, and 20 people of Batak Simalungun. The method in this research consisted of submit ethical clearance, subject data collection, subject measurement, cephalometric index calculation, and data analysis. The results showed that Batak Toba, Karo, and Simalungun have brachycephalic head type, wide forehead type, and platyrrhine nose type. Batak Toba and Batak Karo are known to have a leptoprosopic facial type, while Batak Simalungun has mesoprosopic facial type. In this research, it was also showed that between Batak Toba and Batak Karo there were no significant differences in all body size and cephalometric data, but between Batak Toba and Batak Simalungun there were significant differences in minimum frontal width, nose width, and frontoparietal index, while between Batak Simalungun and Batak Karo there were significant differences in minimum frontal width and facial width.
Reproductive Toxicity Study of Hairy Fig (Ficus hispida L.f.) Fruits on Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) Laksmindra Fitria; Lisa Handayani; Lina Noor Na'ilah
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 13 No 1 (2022): Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Biologi
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v1i1.4270

Abstract

Previous studies revealed that hairy fig fruits (HFF) are safe to consume or no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL). No animals died following oral administration of unripe fruit (HFUFF) or ripe fruit (HFRFF) filtrate, as well as no signs of toxicity leading to sublethal effects. However, the effect of HFF on reproductive physiology has not been conducted. This research aimed to investigate toxic effects of HFUFF or HFRFF on male reproductive system of Wistar rats, specifically spermatogenesis, spermatozoa, and relative weight of testis and accessory sex glands. Procedure referred to OECD TG 421 with some modifications based on results of previous studies. Nine rats were assigned into three groups: HFUFF, HFRFF, and control/placebo. Each filtrate or distilled water was given orally 2 mL/individual/day for 77 days. Data were statistically analyzed based on one-way ANOVA (α=0.05). HFUFF increased values of almost all parameters. HFRFF also improved values of some other parameters, however reduced spermatogenesis index and lowered the percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology. Animals in Control group gained the most weight and visceral fat mass. It can be concluded that HFUFF did not generate negative effects on male reproductive system of Wistar rats, in fact improved its performance. Meanwhile, consumption of HFRFF must be considered due to the finding. Both filtrates suppressed weight gain and reduced fat deposits, although unsignificant, indicating that they possess antiobesity properties. Further research related to the potential of HFF on reproductive profile and antiobesity is required.
Characteristic Phenotype and Growth of Chicken Layer Strain (Gallus gallus domesticus, Linnaeus 1758) Feren Putri Sholiha; Galy Hardyta; Budi Setiadi Daryono
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 13 No 1 (2022): Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Biologi
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v13i1.4329

Abstract

The aim of this research is to study the phenotypic character and growth of layered chickens. In this study, crosses between G4 Layer chickens were carried out which resulted in G5 Layer chickens. Morphological characters, growth weights and measuring the feed-conversion ratio (FCR) were observed. The results obtained were 10 individuals of G5 Layer chickens with the proportion of male gametes (70%) and female gametes (30%). Phenotypic characters are brown fur color and a combination of brown and white. The value of Feed Conversation Ratio (FCR) is 1.67 and the average weight growth of G5 Layer chickens reaches 491.2 grams at the age of 7 weeks.
Morphological Structure and Fertility of Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) Pollen based on Microscopic Data Qori Nur Fauziah; Siti Susanti
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 13 No 2 (2022): Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Biologi
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v13i2.4380

Abstract

Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) is the only species of the genus Gnetum that is quickly grown and cultivated in Indonesia. Melinjo is also an economically valuable plant, and the most famous product is emping as a potential small industrial sector commodity and brightly projected in the development of non-oil and gas exports. However, taxonomic studies of pollen morphology of Melinjo are rare, and the pollen fertility needs to study to increase Melinjo production and answer the demand for seeds. Morphological characterization can be used for taxonomic studies such as The Pollen Dispersal Units (PDUs), polarity, shape, symmetry, apertura, and skulptur (ornamentation) (Hasanuddin, 2018). Melinjo pollen has a level of germination (if it did without treatment pra-germination) only 1 – 2% during six months, and reach 100% during 12 months (World Agroforesty, 2021). Further, if pollen is saved in an organic liquid, it can increase the level of germination during 11 weeks to reach 80,63% (Kairani, 2010). The experiment aimed to study pollen morphology, ultrastructure, and fertility of pollen Melinjo. Pollen morphology, ultrastructure, and fertility were carried out by removing the blooming strobilus at branch Melinjo trees. Acetylysis method is used to observe the pollen morphology, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is used to observe exin ornamentation, and aperture, and tetrazolium staining method is used for fertility test of Melinjo pollen.
Effect of Bacterial Cellulose (BC) Formation on Various Substrate Variations and Combinations Siti Assyifa Liany; Wilda Syafira; Adelia Putri; Anis Uswatun Khasanah
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 13 No 2 (2022): Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Biologi
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v13i2.4396

Abstract

Cellulose is one of the most abundant polymers on the earth's surface and is often used as the main raw material in various industries. Bacterial Cellulose (BC) is an organic compound produced by certain types of bacteria with various variations and combinations of substrates, including coconut water, rice soaking water, tomatoes, and a mixture of tomato-rice water, coconut-tomato water, and coconut water-rice water. This study aims to determine the optimization of BC formation in various variations and combinations of substrates with organoleptic and physical tests on each sample. This study used experimental methods on each substrate and analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The formula for making BC was 50 mL of each substrate, 5 grams of sugar, 2 grams of ZA (ammonium sulfate), 2 grams of glacial acetic acid, and 2 mL of starter (Acetobacter xylinum). The results of this study obtained organoleptic BC by 90% of panelists liked it, and 10% of panelists disliked it. Meanwhile, the best optimization of BC production obtained the highest thickness and yield on the coconut-rice water substrate treatment of 2.3 cm and 80% yield, the highest water content on the coconut water, coconut-tomato water, and coconut-rice water substrate treatments, respectively, each of 97% and the highest fiber content in rice water, tomato water, and tomato-rice water substrates were 3% each.
The role of indigenous lactic acid Bacteria Genus Lactobacillus in the fermentation process of Durian (Durio zibethinus) for Tempoyak production Yunita Ayu Ardilla; Krisna Wahyu Anggreini; Tara Puri Ducha Rahmani
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 13 No 2 (2022): Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Biologi
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v13i2.4619

Abstract

Durian (Durio zibethinus) is a type of fruit included in the climacteric fruit, so it needs processing to have a longer shelf life. One of the processed durian fruits is tempoyak. Tempoyak is a traditional fermented durian food well known around Kalimantan and Sumatra. Tempoyak is made from durian, which usually has a good level of maturity. The distinctive aroma and semi-solid texture of tempoyak are produced by the fermentation process by bacteria. Tempoyak processing has involved adding a bit of salt and indigenous lactic acid bacteria, one of which is the bacteria genus Lactobacillus, such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus curvatus. This study aimed to determine the role of lactic acid bacteria from the genus Lactobacillus in the fermentation process of durian into tempoyak, to determine the potential of bacteria from the genus Lactobacillus in other respects, and to determine the health benefits of tempoyak. This research was conducted using a literature study method with several stages, namely article searching, article selection, data synthesis, and ending with report generation. From the literature search, it can be seen that indigenous bacteria from the genus Lactobacillus are found in fermented durian fruit. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus curvatus are species of the genus Lactobacillus that can ferment sugar into lactic acid and are usually used in fermented agricultural products and livestock products. Lactobacillus plantarum producing lactic acid is amylolytic because it can directly convert starch to form lactic acid. Lactobacillus curvatus has various functions related to carbohydrate utilization and bacteriocin production, enabling fermentative and antibacterial properties. Tempoyak can be beneficial for digestive health and has the potential to increase the body's immune system. The results obtained prove that the indigenous bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus from tempoyak play a role in the durian fermentation process and have the potential as probiotics that are good for health.
POLIMORFISME GEN MITOKONDRIA 16S IKAN BAUNG (Hemibagrus nemurus Valenciennes, 1840) DARI SUNGAI PROGO, MAGELANG, JAWA-TENGAH Tuty Arisuryanti; Ulfa Dianiputri; Katon Waskita Aji
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 13 No 1 (2022): Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Biologi
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v13i1.4629

Abstract

Abstract: Asian redtail catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus Valenciennes, 1840) is one of Indonesian native fish species with high economic potency. However research on genetic variation of Asian redtail catfish in Indonesia is very limited. Therefore, this study purposed to identify and analyze the mitochondrial gene polymorphism 16S of Baung fish (H. nemurus) from the Progo River, Magelang, Central Java. The method used in this study was the PCR method with universal primers 16Sar and 16Sbr. Intraspecific genetic variation was conducted by combining mitochondrial gene 16S sequence data of five Asian redtail fish (H. nemurus) samples from Progo River (BGM 02-06) and five Asian redtail fish samples from GenBank. BLAST, DnaSP, DNASTAR, GeneStudio,, MEGA, Mesquite, and NETWORK programs were used to analyze the data obtained. The results showed there were no genetic differences among the Asian redtail fish from Progo River indicating no intrapopulation genetic variation of the fish species. Conversely, the intraspecific genetic divergence was between 0.20% and 2.21% with an average of 0.92%. Analysis of intraspecific genetic variations detected 5 different haplotypes and 15 variable sites with 5 parsimony informative sites. Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity values were 0.756 ± 0.130 and 0.00812 ± 0.00294 respectively. Analysis of phylogenetic and haplotype network revealed BGM 02-06 formed a specific haplotype that was separated from other haplotypes. Molecular markers for Asian redtail fish (H.nemurus) from the Progo River, Magelang, Central Java based on the 16S mitochondrial gene can use this specific haplotype.
Explant Sterilization Technique Castanopsis argentea (Blume) A.DC. with the addition of Ascorbic Acid and Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) In Vitro Syifara Chika; Lily Ismaini; Dian Triastari Armanda
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 13 No 2 (2022): Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Biologi
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v13i2.4692

Abstract

Castanopsis argentea (Blume) A.DC. has the local name saninten. This plant is one of the woody plants that has the potential to be developed because it is beneficial for wildlife to nest and is used in reforestation. The seeds of this plant can be used for food by boiling and burning. This plant must be preserved so that it does not become extinct. However, the propagation, so it must use the technique of propagation through tissue culture. This study aims to determine the best sterilization technique for in vitro culture of C. argentea. Eight methods of explant sterilization have been carried out in this study. Methods 1-4 do not use ascorbic acid immersion, while methods 5-8 use the addition of ascorbic acid. Based on observations, it is known that the best sterilization is in the 8th method because the level of contamination and browning is lower than other methods, namely on the fifth day after planting only 20%. The 8th method is graded sterilization. In graded sterilization, explants were gradually immersed in 10% NaOCl, 20% NaOCl, and 30% NaOCl, respectively. Multilevel sterilization is the most effective method of sterilization to reduce contamination and browning. Ascorbic acid acts as an antioxidant and reduces contamination in the enzymatic browning reaction. The combination of sterile substances, time, sequence, and method of immersion affects the sterility of explants.
Synergism of Turmeric, Moringa, Clove, and Red Betel Extracts with Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berl. against Taro Caterpillar (Spodoptera litura Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at the Laboratory Scale Sukirno; Fiola Siregar; Aryo Seto Pandu Wiranto; Suparmin Suparmin; Siti Sumarmi; Hari Purwanto; Ignatius Sudaryadi; R.C. Hidayat Soesilohadi; Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 13 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v13i3.4718

Abstract

Bacillus thuringiensis is known as a bioinsecticide for controlling taro caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fab. in cabbage plants. However, Bt. is easily degraded by ultraviolet (UV), so it needs UV protectant. This research aimed to study the synergism of extract of turmeric, moringa, cloves, and red betel as UV protectants for Bt. and to measure the Bt. half lifes. As much as 25 (w/v) of turmeric, moringa, cloves, and red betel extracts was used to make Bt. suspension. The Bt. suspension then was exposed to sunlight for 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days then it was tested againts 25 individuals of 1st larval instar of taro caterpillar and each treatment was using three replicates. Pathogenicity of each formulation was observed by calculating larval mortality up to the 7th day after treatment. The results showed that the highest larval mortality was found in the Bt. formulation added extracts at 0-day exposure. Mortality data for each Bt. treatment. showed a decrease from the treatment of 0 to 28-day exposures. After 28 days of exposure, Bt. without extract addition had a pathogenicity of 15.2%, whereas Bt. with clove extract had pathogenicity about 56.4%, which is higher than those on turmeric, moringa, and red betel. The first half life of Bt. added with clove was 32.3 days, while the second half life was 50.7 days. Based on this research, it can be concluded that clove has synergism affect when applied with Bt.

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