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Berkala Ilmiah Biologi
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 08537240     EISSN : 29644429     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bib.v14i3
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Veterinary
Biologi Fungsional, Struktur dan Perkembangan, Bioteknologi dan Biologi Molekuler, serta Biologi Lingkungan dan Biodiversitas
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 32 Documents
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Effect of Chlorpyrifos on Embryo Development of Wader Pari Fish (Rasbora lateristriata Bleeker, 1854) Ascarti Adaninggar; Anita Restu Puji Raharjeng; Larasshita Putri Adhitya Sani; Jessy Octavia Harahap; Della Blatama; Sandi Francisco Pratama; Ardaning Nuriliani; Bambang Retnoaji; Hendry Tri Sakti SG Saragih
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 13 No 2 (2022): Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Biologi
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v13i2.4766

Abstract

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide, acaricide, and nematicide which is used to control leaf pests and soil pest insects. The insecticide chlorpyrifos works by disrupting the insect's nervous system. The use of insecticides on vegetable crops is generally more intensive than on other food crops so the negative impact on the biotic and abiotic environment becomes greater. The purpose of this study was to determine the negative impact of chlorpyrifos exposure with concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 ppm on the embryonic development of Wader pari (Rasbora lateristriata). The results of observations at 24 and 48 hours showed that there were abnormalities in the development of the Wader pari’s embryo at the concentration of 0,1, 1 and 10 ppm, indicating that chlorpyrifos causes malformations in the form of defects in the development of the embryo of Wader pari fish.
Effectivity of Entomopathogen Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin to Mortality of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 Larvae Amanda Novitasari; Agustina Citra Windianingsih; Thiwuk Leres Kinanti; Siti Sumarmi; Sukirno; Hidayat Soesilohadi
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 14 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v14i1.4774

Abstract

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the vector that causes the spread of the Dengue virus that causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. Breaking the chain of spread of Dengue fever has been done a lot, but it can cause negative impacts to environment. It is necessary to use other alternative solutions. One of them uses natural bioinsecticides from entomopathogenic fungi. The entomopathogenic fungus that has been widely developed as a bioinsecticide is Metarhizium anisopliae. Metarhizium anisopliae is a fungus which has larvicidal activity. Isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae were obtained from the Center for Forecasting Plant Pest Organisms, Karawang, West Java and Aedes aegypti larvae were obtained from Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, UGM. The research was conducted from November 2021-April 2022 at the Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Biology and the Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, UGM, Yogyakarta. The method in this research is the culture and manufacture of a suspension of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae with an average conidia density 0,9 x 107, 0,57 x 106, 1,175 x 105, 5,25 x 104, 3 x 104, 12,5 x 103 of conidia/mL, rearing of Aedes aegypti, bioassay, and data analysis using Probit Test with SPSS software version 23 to determine LC50. The effective concentration to kill 50% of larvae was 0.9 x 107 conidia/ml. There was no significant effect between each different concentration in killing Aedes aegypti larvae. The LC50 value obtained was 1.4 x 107. Metarhizium anisopliae was effectively to control Aedes aegypti larvae.
Inventory of Amphibian Species (Order Anura) in Ujung Kulon National Park Siti Rosidah; Indria Wahyuni; Usman; Mahrawi; Dwi Ratnasari; Ika Rifqiawati
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 13 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v13i3.4819

Abstract

Abstract: This research was conducted to provide an amphibian (order Anura) species list in the Ujung Kulon National Park, Banten, Indonesia. The study was conducted in June-July 2021. The location of the study was determined using a purposive sampling method, namely based on the type of amphibian habitat located in four areas of Ujung Kulon National Park, namely Handeulum Island, Cigenter, Peucang Island, and Cidaon. Sampling was carried out in the morning at 07:00-11:00 WIB and in the evening at 19:00-22:00 WIB using the VES (Visual Encounter Survey) method combined with line transects. The observation station has an average temperature of 25-30˚C, soil moisture 62-69%, air humidity 80-89%, light intensity 832-1443 lux, and soil pH 6.5-6.7. The amphibians obtained were 10 species from 5 families. The Family Dicroglossidae is the most found. The most common species found were at station 3 on Peucang Island and station 4 Cidaon. Differences in the composition of amphibians are caused by different habitats at each station and environmental factors.
Monitoring the Diversity of Amphibian and Reptiles In the Upstream part of Code River Using e-DNA Method Donan Satria Yudha; Rahma Izzati; Aulia Sigit Ardianto; Ananto Puradi Nainggolan; Dwi Sendi Priyono
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 14 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v14i1.4847

Abstract

Research on the diversity of amphibians and reptiles on the upstream part of Code River had been done in 2012 and 2017. Result on two previous results were found anurans, snakes and lizards but we did not find any freshwater turtles. Method used on the 2012 and 2017 research was conventional using Visual Encounter Survey (VES). Conventional methods such as VES have limitations, which was the inability to detect difficult-to-find animals such as freshwater turtles. Therefore, a new approach was taken to monitor the diversity of amphibians and reptiles especially to detect freshwater turtles in the Code River, namely the environmental DNA (eDNA) method. The purpose of this research were to monitor the diversity of amphibians and reptiles, and to reveals eDNA sampling efficiency compared to VES. An e-DNA metabarcoding process is conducted with universal CO1 primer on the water sample taken from upstream part of Code River. The results obtained were compared to the data from conventional studies held in 2012 and 2017. The results in 2021 found 12 species of amphibians but all of these species did not naturally distribute in Yogyakarta and even in Indonesia. Furthermore, 5 species of snakes were found, with only 1 species of snake naturally occur in Yogyakarta. Subsequently, we found 6 species of lizards whose natural distribution does not exist in Yogyakarta and even in Indonesia. Finally, we obtained 1 species of tortoise whose natural distribution does not exist in Yogyakarta and even in Indonesia. By far, in Indonesia the identification of amphibian and reptile species in rivers using the e-DNA method has shown less accurate results. The inaccuracy may be due to the lack of specificity of the sequence targets and primers for monitoring reptiles and amphibians in rivers. The target sequences used in this study did not have significant differences between species in reptiles and amphibians, so that the herpetofauna that had been recorded in the Code River were not identified using the e-DNA method. Based on this research, conventional sampling is recommended for monitoring herpetofauna in river areas. Keywords: Monitoring, Amphibians; Reptiles; Code River, e-DNA
Diversity of Bryophytes in Plaosan Temple, Central Java Ninda Nur Amalia; Heri Sujadmiko
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 13 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v13i3.4944

Abstract

Bryophyte grows on various substrates, one of which is rock. Plaosan Temple is composed of andesite stone which has the potential to experience weathering caused by bryophyte. This research aims to determine the diversity of bryophyte, types and classifications of bryophyte, and to determine the bryophyte which are widely and evenly distributed in the rocks of Plaosan Temple, Central Java. Bryophytes samples were collected using the dry herbarium technique and identified at the Plant Systematics Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, UGM. Vegetation analysis was carried out using the quadrat method of 15 x 15 cm plots which were randomly distributed in 52 plots. The environmental parameters measured were air temperature, humidity, and light intensity. Species diversity was analyzed using Shannon-Wiener index. The results obtained 11 types of bryophytes grouped into two classes, namely Hepaticopsida and Bryopsida, including Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng., Brachymenium exile (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Lac., Brachymenium indicum (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Lac., Cyathodium smaragdinum Schiffn., Fissidens atroviridis Besch., Fissidens virens Thwait. & Mitt., Fissidens zollingeri Mont., Gymnostomiella vernicosa (Hook.) Fleisch., Hyophila involuta (Hook.) A. Jaeg., Philonotis hastata (Duby) Wijk & Margad., and Riccia hasskarliana Steph. Bryophyte that is widely and evenly distributed is Barbula indica. Keywords: bryophyte; diversity; andesite; Plaosan temple
Diversity and Abundance of Rhopalocera (Lepidoptera) in Batutegi Protected Forest, Sumatra, Indonesia Cita Ramadhanti; Aris Subagio; Jani Master
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 13 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v13i3.5104

Abstract

Butterflies are diurnal animals, divided into six families which are Hesperiidae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, and Riodinidae. Butterflies can be found in any vegetation as long as their host and feed plants are available. Batutegi protected forest has the potential to be butterflies habitat due to the possibility of its richness of host and feed plants. The research was conducted to analyze butterflies diversity and abundance in three different types of vegetation which are shrubs, forest, and Way Sekampung watershed. The methods that used are Shannon-Wiener’s Diversity Index (H’), Simpson’s dominance index (D), and Pielou’s Evenness Index (E). Analysis shows the butterfly diversity up to 3.034; dominance index up to 0.079; and evenness up to 0.823. These results attributed to the highly potential of butterfly diversity, stable evenness, and low butterfly species dominance. Analysis of diversity index in three vegetation obtained result H’ = 3.034 shows that the butterfly community is stable. The evenness index showed a high value E = 0.823 means that the individual of each type is evenly distributed. The dominance index obtained a low value D = 0.079 indicates that no particular type dominates all vegetation.
Bahasa Inggris Annisa Nur Fitrihastuti; Natasya Meri Auliadani; Siti Mudrikah; Mutiara Tri Wulandari; Aisha Sayidinar; Arfista Deska Khairunnisa; Bunga Finovel Angellya; Laila Widi Utami; Ludmilla Fitri Untari
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 14 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v14i2.5175

Abstract

Nglolang Beach located in Sepanjang street, Kemadang, Tanjungsari, Gunungkidul regency, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The substrate in this beach determines the presence of macroalgae. Macroalgae found in the intertidal zone, that is between sea and terrestrial environment. The characteristics of substrate in intertidal zones consist of sandy, rocky, and dead coral. Macroalgae plays the role of a producer for organisms in this ecosystem. Macroalgae also has an important role as a food source, bioremediation, a sink carbon, nutrient and energy, and economic benefits. This research aims to study about the abundance of macroalgae in the intertidal zone and the environmental factors that influence abundance of macroalgae at Nglolang Beach. The observation was conducted using a 1x1 m plot and the sampling using transect performed in the intertidal zone. The ecological parameters including water temperature and air temperature, salinity, and pH then being measured. After observation, the density (Ds), frequency (F), dominance (D), relative density (RD), relative frequency (RF), relative dominance (RDo) and Species important values index (IVI) were calculated. The highest importance value index belongs to the species Ulva lactuca (IVI = 93.84; RD = 36.28%; RF = 21.28%; RDo = 36.28%), meanwhile the lowest importance value belongs to the species Chaetomorpha crassa (IVI = 1.21; RD = 0.08%; RF = 1.06%; RDo = 0.08%).
Pengaruh Pemberian Pakan Ekstrak Buah Kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang & A.R. Ferguson) terhadap Sintasan dan Morfologi Organ Reproduksi Lalat Buah (Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830) Iradiasi Sinar Ultraviolet Nafisa Kusumawati; Ignatius Sudaryadi
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 13 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v13i3.5215

Abstract

UV (ultraviolet) radiation is one of the radiations that are naturally emitted by the sun. As the result of climate changes, the earth's ozone layer changes and the UV light radiation to the earth's surface increases. The negative effect of UV radiation is increase due to the production of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) or free radicals in the body. UV radiation protection can be done by increasing the intake of antioxidant-rich foods as free radical inhibitors. Actinidia deliciosa or kiwifruit is a antioxidants-rich fruit including vitamin C. This research was carried out with Drosophila melanogaster as a animal model because it is easy to breed in the laboratory, has a short life cycle, and produces large numbers of eggs. Drosophila melanogaster or fruit flies are the most commonly used of animal models in the biomedical and pharmacological fields. This study aims to determine the effect of UV radiation on fruit fly survival at the larval, pupa, and imago stages and the morphology changes of male and female reproductive organs, as well as to determine the effect of feeding kiwi fruit extract on survival rate and morphology changes of male and female reproductive organs of UV irradiated fruit fly. This research was conducted by providing UV exposure treatment and without UV radiation treatment to fruit flies for 2 hours on banana and kiwi feed medium. Data analysis was carried out with the One Way Anova test followed by the Duncan test. The results showed that UV radiation could affect the survival and morphology of the reproductive organs of fruit flies. The survival rate in the control treatment was 58%, PK treatment 81%, PPUV treatment 45%, and PKUV treatment 47%.
Inventarisasi Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) di Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan, Gunung Kidul uliya fasa
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 14 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v14i1.5241

Abstract

A wildlife sanctuary is a location where the environment is still preserved so as to minimize forest conversion activities. Roaming method or exploration is the method that the autor uses in research butterfly inventory. Exploration is carried out by following the transect which adjusts the shape of the location with a distance between points of 20 meters. Areas that become observation locations including open land, fields, forest medium mixed and dense mixed forest. Butterfy data obtained through documentation or captured using insect nets observed, then release again. The aim of this research is identify butterfly species and environmental parameters present in the field clearing, field, medium ixed forest, and dense mixed forest. Results of the study are found 22 species butterflies with a total of 65 indiviuals. Previously, research related to butterfly inventory in Wildlife Sanctuary Paliyan has never been done. The conservation of butterflies is need because of the importance of the presence of butterflies as a determinant of environmental quality. Butterfly diversity disclosure can be used as a related database types of butterflies in Indonesia, especially the Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary.
Resistance of Three Maize Varieties to Downy Mildew Fungus Peronosclerospora maydis Infection Ristiyani Khofifa Putri; Rina Sri Kasiamdari
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 14 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v14i1.5658

Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the staple foodstuffs of the cereal group which has a high percentage of carbohydrates, protein, and others. In 2050, maize is expected to double in demand, however, productivity must be balanced with the support management of diseases and pests of maize. Common maize disease is Downy mildew caused by Peronosclerospora spp., this disease attacks the leaves and seeds with 100% damage. This research aimed to determine the pathogenicity and resistance of Talenta, Pioneer 21, and Tamara maize varieties, by using in vivo leaf insertion and leaf spray methods. Fungal isolates were isolated from threshing conidia from maize leaves in the Sleman area field. Observation of fungal pathogenicity and maize resistance was measured based on symptom scale per two days of test and observation of leaf anatomy 45 days after planting. Calculation of fungal pathogenicity against maize varieties used growth analysis, disease incidence, disease severity, Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC), and severity unit per time. The result of this research showed that Talenta was moderately resistant, Pioneer-21 was resistant, and Tamara was susceptible to Downy mildew. Downy mildew pathogenicity rate reached 0,07 units/day. Downy mildew infection reached epidermis tissue through stomata on maize leaves.

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