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Teng Sutrisno
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Jurnal Teknik Mesin
Published by Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya
ISSN : 14109867     EISSN : 26563290     DOI : https://doi.org/10.9744/jtm
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering
Jurnal Teknik Mesin (JTM) merupakan Jurnal Keilmuan dan Terapan Teknik Mesin yang dikelola oleh Program Studi Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Universitas Kristen Petra. JTM terbit pertama pada April 1999. JTM telah mendapatkan akreditasi Jurnal Nasional oleh Dirjen Dikti Depdiknas dengan SK-Nomor: 02/Dikti/Kep/2002, SK-Nomor :43/DIKTI/Kep/2008. JTM diterbitkan setiap bulan April dan Oktober. Tujuan penerbitan jurnal ini antara lain adalah untuk: Menyebarluaskan pengetahuan, pengalaman/terapan dan temuan baru para ilmuwan atau praktisi di bidang teknik mesin. Meningkatkan motivasi para ilmuwan dan praktisi untuk melakukan penelitian dan pengembangan ilmu di bidang teknik mesin
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 9 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 11 No. 2 (2009): OCTOBER 2009" : 9 Documents clear
Pengembangan dan Aplikasi Prototipe Pendiferensial Tekanan untuk Deteksi Kebocoran pada Sistem Penumatik Harus Laksana Guntur
Jurnal Teknik Mesin Vol. 11 No. 2 (2009): OCTOBER 2009
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

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In a pneumatic system, the differentiated value of pressure is often used for special objective. For instance, in process control of pressure the differentiated value of pressure is used as feedback. The mechanism used to obtain the differentiated value of pressure is called pressure differentiator. In this research, we developed a pressure differentiator by adding an isothermal chamber to minimize error caused by temperature fluctuations. The developed prototype was tested and the result show that the pressure differentiator with isothermal chamber in it has higher accuracy as compared with the one without isothermal chamber. The prototype was also applied to detect leak of a pneumatic piping system. The results show that the differentiated pressure increases as the leak size increases:-20Pa and -75Pa for leak size of 2x10-6m3/s and 3x10-6m3/s, respectively. The results also proved that the developed pressure differentiator is applicable for leak detection. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia: Di dalam sistem penumatik nilai diferensial tekanan seringkali digunakan untuk tujuan tertentu, misalnya sebagai umpan balik pada proses pengendalian tekanan. Alat yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan nilai diferensial ini disebut pendiferensial tekanan (pressure differentiator). Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan sebuah prototipe pendiferensial tekanan dengan tambahan berupa ruang isotermal. Penambahan ini bertujuan untuk meminimalkan kesalahan pengukuran yang terjadi akibat fluktuasi temperatur yang disebabkan oleh perubahan tekanan pada objek ukur. Hasil pengujian prototipe menunjukkan bahwa pendiferensial tekanan dengan ruang isotermal memiliki akurasi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pendiferensial tekanan dengan ruang biasa. Setelah diuji kemudian prototipe digunakan untuk mendeteksi kebocoran pipa udara. Hasil pendeteksian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa nilai diferensial tekanan meningkat jika tingkat kebocoran bertambah, yaitu -20Pa dan -75Pa untuk tingkat kebocoran 2x10-6m3/s dan 3x10-6m3/s. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa pendiferensial tekanan juga bisa digunakan sebagai alat pendeteksi kebocoran udara. Kata kunci: Sistem penumatik, pendiferensial tekanan, ruang isothermal, deteksi kebocoran.
Kesalahan Akibat Deferensiasi Numerik pada Sinyal Pengukuran Getaran dengan Metode Beda Maju, Mundur dan Tengah Zainal Abidin; Fandi Purnama
Jurnal Teknik Mesin Vol. 11 No. 2 (2009): OCTOBER 2009
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

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Abstract

In vibration measurements, differentiation process is often performed to displacement as well as velocity signals. This differentiation process is usually done numerically in DSA (Dynamic Signal Analyzer) so that the result of differentiation has error with respect to the true (theoretical) value. Therefore, analyses of error due to numerical differentiation process is presented in this paper. The error analyses produces an equation which can determine the error value due to differentiation process. Furthermore, the equations are validated with the simulation results. Based on the validation results, it can be concluded that the equation which have been derived are correct. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia: Dalam pengukuran getaran, proses deferensiasi sering dilakukan terhadap sinyal simpangan maupun kecepatan getaran. Proses deferensiasi ini biasanya dilakukan secara numerik dalam DSA (Dynamic Signal Analyzer) sehingga hasil deferensiasi memiliki penyimpangan terhadap nilai sebenarnya (teoritik). Mengingat seringnya proses ini dilakukan dalam praktek, pada makalah ini disajikan analisis mengenai kesalahan akibat deferensiasi numerik. Analisis ini menghasilkan suatu persamaan teoritik yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan besar kesalahan akibat deferensiasi numerik. Untuk mengindikasikan keabsahan persamaan yang diperoleh, nilai dari persamaan tersebut dicek kebenarannya dengan hasil simulasi numerik. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi ini, dapat diindikasikan bahwa persamaan yang telah diperoleh sudah benar. Kata kunci: Metode numerik, deferensiasi numerik, beda maju, beda mundur, beda tengah.
Teknologi Pembuatan Material Shot Blast untuk Mendukung Industri Pengecoran Logam Nasional Fajar Nurjaman
Jurnal Teknik Mesin Vol. 11 No. 2 (2009): OCTOBER 2009
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

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Abstract

Shot blast material is a supporting material in foundry which is used at surface finishing process of metal casting. Recently, there is no one of national industry that produce shot blast material, in consequence, the purpose of this research is to lessen the dependence of using shot blast material import by making a shot blast material which improve its hardness exceed the shot blast material import. This research use the raw material from scrap iron with the following composition: C (3.2%), Si (1.18%), Mn (6.1%), Cu (0.35%), Fe (88.7%). The scrap is melted in induction furnace untill melt (hot metal), then the hot metal (1200 oC) is tilted into a runner which is connected with pan crucible, which is consisted of 107 holes with diameter of each holes is 10 mm. Hot metal that is leave from the holes, is injected by pressurized water 1.1 atm with the velocity 0.8 m/s, untill obtained grains of shot blast material, then these grains goes into the water tank which it has temperature 40oC. From thermodynamic study, to avoid the happening of the explosion that is arising out because the effect of high temperature difference at injection process beetween water and hot metal, hence the comparison value beetween the mass of water and hot metal equal to 1:4.6. From this research is obtained shot blast material Ø0.8-3.2 mm with the metallography structure with martensite domination and dispersion of cementite and a little austenit. The hardness value of this material is 54.8 HRC, where this value is larger than shot blast material import (45-50 HRC). Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia: Material shot blast merupakan material pendukung pengecoran logam yang digunakan pada proses surface finishing benda cor logam. Saat ini belum ada satupun industri nasional yang memproduksi material shot blast, karena itu tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengurangi ketergantungan penggunaan material shot blast impor dengan membuat material shot blast yang nilai kekerasannya melebihi material shot blast impor. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan baku scrap besi dengan komposisi: C (3,2%), Si (1,18%), Mn (6,1%), Cu (0,35%) Fe (88,7%). Scrap dilebur dalam tungku induksi hingga mencair (hot metal), lalu hot metal (1200oC) di tuang ke dalam runner yang terhubung dengan pan crucible yang terdiri dari 107 buah lubang berukuran Ø10 mm. Hot metal yang keluar dari lubang tersebut diinjeksi oleh air bertekanan 1,1 atm dengan kecepatan 0,8 m/s, hingga diperoleh butiran material shot blast, lalu butiran itu masuk ke dalam bak air bertemperatur 40oC. Dari kajian termodinamika, untuk menghindari terjadinya resiko ledakan yang timbul akibat diferensiasi temperatur yang tinggi saat proses injeksi, maka besarnya nilai perbandingan massa air dan hot metal sebesar 1:4,6. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh material shot blast berukuran Ø0,8-3.2 mm dengan struktur metalografi yang didominasi oleh struktur martensit dengan sebaran sementit dan sedikit austenit. Nilai kekerasan material ini adalah 54,8 HRC, dimana nilai ini melebihi nilai kekerasan material shot blast impor (45-50 HRC). Kata kunci: Shot blast, induction furnace, nozzle, hot metal, pengecoran logam.
Production of Biodiesel through Transesterification of Avocado (Persea gratissima) Seed Oil Using Base Catalyst H. M. Rachimoellah; Dyah Ayu Resti; Ali Zibbeni; I Wayan Susila
Jurnal Teknik Mesin Vol. 11 No. 2 (2009): OCTOBER 2009
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

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Abstract

Biodiesel is produced through a chemical process called transesterification, which refers to a catalysed chemical reaction involving vegetable oil and alcohol to yield fatty acid alkyl esters (biodiesel) and glycerol as a by product. Biodiesel is petroleum substitution in which its quantity continually decreases due to increasing of demand. Plenty of plants could be used as raw material for biodiesel, for example is avocado (Persea gratissima) seed. This is a waste that being thrown out after the flesh is taken. Therefore, avocado has a higher economic value to be used for consumption. Avocado is not only as an edible commodity but also as feedstock for production of biodiesel. The purposes of this research are producing biodiesel from avocado seed oil (Persea gratissima) so it can be used for alternative fuel, studying the effect of molar ratio avocado seed oil to methanol and reaction temperature to yield the highest methyl ester content, and also studying the effect of washing method and comparing between the conventional method (using water) and dry washing method to reach the highest methyl ester content. Variables that are used in this research are molar ratio of methanol to avocado seed oil, reaction temperature, and washing method. Transesterification process runs for 60 minutes, with NaOH as base catalyst concentration is 1% by weight. Avocado seed oil contains free fatty acid less than 2%, so that transesterification process can be carried out with no addition step to convert free fatty acid content become esters. Crude biodiesel which is yielded from transesterification process still contains of impurities, such as traces of glycerine, unreacted methanol, rest of base catalyst, and soap stock. So it needs to be washed out. There are two washing methods, which are water washing and dry washing. The use of dry washing method is expected to be technically feasible with less complexity than the water washing method, thereby making it a competitive alternative to commercial biodiesel production. From this research, it can be concluded that the characteristic of biodiesel from avocado seed oil is acceptable for alternative fuel. The optimum condition is obtained at molar ratio of 1:6 (alcohol to oil) and temperature 60C. Washing method with water is resulting methyl ester content of 82.7119%, while for dry washing method resulting methyl ester content of 84.5678%. Therefore, the best washing method is dry washing in difference of 1.8559%.
Mutu Papan Partikel dari Kayu Kelapa Sawit (KKS) Berbasis Perekat Polystyrene Indra Mawardi
Jurnal Teknik Mesin Vol. 11 No. 2 (2009): OCTOBER 2009
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

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The specific target of this research is finding out an ideal composition of wood palm oil particle and polystyrene in standard particle board. Indonesian standard of SNI 03-2105-1996 used for reference of test result. The experiment started by screening of particle, mixing, forming of particle board, and test. Forming elements are wood palm oil particle, PS, benzoyl peroxide, maleated coupling agent, and xilena. The compositions of mass fraction KKS-PS: 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30 and 80:20. Testing was performed mechanical, physical and fraktografi analysis. Results of mechanical and physical test show that particle board characteristics increase due to the increase of adhesive concentration. From the variation of composition, starting composition of KKS-PS, 60:40 has been used in the manufacture of particle board KKS. Tensile strength and flexural strength optimum of particle board KKS-PS is 55.15 kg/cm2 and 92.27 kg/cm2. The particle board wood palm oil with adhesive polystyrene fulfilled the acceptable Indonesian standard of SNI 03-2105-1996. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia: Target khusus penelitian adalah mendapatkan komposisi kayu kelapa sawit (KKS) dan polystyrene (PS) yang tepat pada pembuatan papan partikel yang memenuhi standar mutu. Standar mutu SNI 03-2105-1996 dijadikan referensi pembanding hasil pengujian. Tahapan penelitian dimulai dari pemilihan ukuran partikel, pencampuran, dan pembentukan papan partikel, sampai pada pengujian. Unsur pembentuk papan partikel adalah KKS, perekat PS, benzoyl peroxide, maleated coupling agent, dan pelarut xilena. Spesimen dibuat dengan komposisi variasi fraksi berat KKS-PS: 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30 dan 80:20. Pengujian mekanis, dan fisis dilakukan untuk mendapatkan komposisi optimum dari masing-masing fraksi berat. Hasil pengujian sifat fisis dan mekanis cenderungan meningkat seiring bertambahnya kadar perekat. Dari variasi komposisi, mulai komposisi KKS-PS, 60:40 telah dapat digunakan dalam pembuatan papan partikel KKS. Papan partikel KKS-PS memiliki nilai kekuatan tarik optimum sebesar 55,15 kg/cm2 dan kekuatan lentur optimum sebesar 92,27 kg/cm. Secara umum papan partikel KKS-PS telah memenuhi persyaratan standar SNI 03-2105-1996. Kata kunci: Papan partikel, polystyrene, kayu kelapa sawit.
Perubahan Faktor Keausan Die Drawn UHMWPE Akibat Tegangan Kontak untuk Aplikasi Sendi Lutut Tiruan Jefri S. Bale
Jurnal Teknik Mesin Vol. 11 No. 2 (2009): OCTOBER 2009
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

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The aim of this research is to study the effects of contact stress on the wear of die drawn UHMWPE GUR 1120 against nitrogen ion implanted cobalt chrome alloy used pin on plate unidirectional reciprocating movement wear test. A constant load was applied to each UHMWPE pin to produce a contact stress, whereas the contact stress was varied of 5 MPa, 9 MPa and 12 MPa with constant sliding velocity of 116.5 mm/s. The result shows the wear factor decreasing with increasing contact stress. The lowest contact stress (5 MPa) gives the highest wear factor that is: 2.67x10-7 mm3/Nm. The different wear factor is caused by increasing contact stress changed wear mechanism of surface contact. The lowest contact stress dominated by abrasive wear mechanism while along increasing contact stress changing the dominate wear mechanism into burnishing wear mechanism and also surface deformation wear mechanism. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tegangan kontak terhadap faktor keausan die drawn GUR 1120 UHMWPE berpasangan dengan cobalt chrome alloy yang diimplantasi ion berbasis nitrogen menggunakan pin on plate unidirectional reciprocating movement wear test. Pin die drawn UHMWPE dibebani sehingga menghasilkan tegangan kontak berkisar 5 MPa, 9 MPa dan 12 MPa dengan kecepatan gesekan konstan 116,5 mm/dtk. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, disimpulkan bahwa faktor keausan UHMWPE akan menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya tegangan kontak. Tegangan kontak terkecil (5 MPa) menghasilkan faktor keausan rata-rata UHMWPE yang terbesar yaitu 2,67x10-7 mm3/Nm. Perbedaan nilai faktor keausan ini disebabkan karena peningkatan tegangan kontak merubah mekanisme keausan pada permukaan kontak. Tegangan kontak terkecil di dominasi mekanisme abrasive wear sedangkan seiring peningkatan tegangan kontak mekanisme keausan didominasi oleh burnishing wear mechanism serta adanya mekanisme surface deformation wear. Kata kunci: Faktor keausan, tegangan kontak, die drawn UHMWPE, cobalt chrome alloy, implantasi ion nitrogen.
Peningkatan Nilai Kalor Biomassa Kotoran Kuda dengan Metode Densifikasi dan Thermolisis I Gede Bawa Susana
Jurnal Teknik Mesin Vol. 11 No. 2 (2009): OCTOBER 2009
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

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Direct combustion of horse dung as an alternative fuel has caused a lot of smoke and dust. Its efficiency and heating value were low. To improve its properties, the conversion method (densification and thermolysis) can be applied to increase the biomass heating value of the horse dung. The densification process was done using a mixture of starch and horse dung with the following ratio 1:3; 1:5; 1:7; 1:10. The results of the horse dung biomass then being processed by thermolysis (pyrolysis) using an oven with constant heating temperature and holding time, and with the addition of inert gas. Heating temperature and holding time are 300oC and 2 hours respectively. The results of testing conducted on the samples showed that the conversion of biomass horse dung in densification and thermolisis/pyrolysis were able to increase their heating value. The biomass briquettes with the ratio 1:10, were produce the highest heating value (dry heating value) i.e. 4708,775 kcal/kg. While bio-charcoal briquettes with ratio1:10 (thermolysis/pyrolysis results with the addition of inert gas), their highest heating value was 5002,791 kcal/kg. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia: Proses pembakaran langsung kotoran kuda yang digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif memiliki kekurangan seperti asap yang banyak, debunya yang dapat mengganggu pernapasan, efisiensi dan nilai kalor yang cukup rendah. Oleh karena itu diterapkan metode konversi, yaitu densifikasi dan thermolisis untuk meningkatkan nilai kalor biomassa kotoran kuda. Untuk proses densifikasi digunakan campuran kanji dan kotoran kuda dengan komposisi 1:3, 1:5, 1:7, 1:10. Hasil densifikasi biomassa kotoran kuda kemudian diproses secara thermolisis (pirolisis) menggunakan oven pemanas dengan suhu pemanasan dan waktu penahanan (holding time) yang konstan, yaitu 300oC dan 2 jam, serta perlakuan dengan gas inert. Hasil pengujian yang dilakukan pada sampel, didapatkan bahwa konversi biomassa kotoran kuda secara densifikasi dan thermolisis/pirolisis dapat meningkatkan nilai kalor, dimana untuk briket biomassa menghasilkan nilai kalor tertinggi pada perbandingan kanji dan kotoran kuda 1:10, sebesar 4708,775 kcal/kg. Sedangkan briket bioarang (hasil thermolisis/pirolisis) menghasilkan nilai kalor tertinggi pada perbandingan kanji dan kotoran kuda 1:10, dengan perlakuan gas inert sebesar 5002,791 kcal/kg. Kata kunci: Kotoran kuda, biomassa, bioarang, thermolisis/pirolisis, nilai kalor.
Pencegahan Terjadinya Retak Panas pada Proses Pengecoran Squeeze Benda Tipis Al-Si Elfendri Elfendri
Jurnal Teknik Mesin Vol. 11 No. 2 (2009): OCTOBER 2009
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

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Solidification of molten metal in squeeze casting was done under high pressure condition. It will produce small grains and decrease porosity of product but have high probability of hot crack. Hot crack depend on silicon content, molding and pouring temperature of squeeze cast parameters. The aim of this research is to analize silicon content, melt temperature and mold temperature on hot crack to eliminate this defect on production of thin wall of Al-Si. Hydraulic pressure of 135 MPa is applied to forge molten metal of aluminum-silicon alloys. Mold temperature from 220 to 330 0C, pouring temperature from 665 to 885 0C and silicon content from 0.45 to 6.04 % weight were considered. Hot crack length and cracking index were used to indicate the dimension of hot crack. The increasing of silicon content decreases hot crack length and cracking index of thin wall. The increasing of pouring and mold temperature increases hot crack length and cracking index of thin wall. Combination of the higher silicon content, the lowest melt and mold temperature produced the flawless thin wall squeeze cast of hot crack. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia: Pengecoran squeeze Al-Si adalah proses pengecoran dimana logam cair Al-Si dibekukan dibawah tekanan tinggi sehingga akan menghasilkan produk dengan butir halus dan menekan jumlah cacat porositas namun cendrung mengalami retak panas. Parameter kandungan silikon Al-Si, temperatur tuang dan cetakan mempengaruhi terjadinya retak panas pada benda cor tipis Al-Si. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kandungan silikon Al-Si, temperatur tuang dan cetakan terhadap terjadinya retak panas pada proses pengecoran squeeze benda tipis Al-Si sehingga tindakan pencegahan bisa dilakukan pada proses produksi. Pengecoran squeeze ini menggunakan penekan hidrolik bertekanan 135 MPa. Temperatur yang dipakai adalah 220, 275 dan 330 0C untuk cetakan dan 665, 775 dan 885 0C untuk logam cair. Kandungan silikon material mengunakan tiga variasi yaitu: 0,45, 3,22 dan 6,04 % berat. Panjang dan indeks retak panas digunakan sebagai indikator terukur retak panas. Peningkatan kandungan silikon akan menurunkan panjang dan indeks retak panas benda cor tipis Al-Si. Peningkatan temperatur tuang dan cetakan akan meningkatkan panjang dan indeks retak panas benda cor tipis Al-Si. Kombinasi temperatur tuang dan cetakan rendah serta komposisi silikon tinggi akan menghasilkan benda cor tipis Al-Si bebas retak panas. Kata kunci: Al-Si, pengecoran squeeze, retak panas.
Pengembangan Proses Produksi Biodiesel Biji Karet Metode Non-Katalis Superheated Methanol pada Tekanan Atmosfir I Wayan Susila
Jurnal Teknik Mesin Vol. 11 No. 2 (2009): OCTOBER 2009
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

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The process of biodiesel production from rubber seed (hevea brasiliensis) is conducted in Indonesia in general using catalyst (acid or alkaline) and wet washing method or dry washing method. Catalyst method brings many weaknesses include: a long production time, high production costs due to wear or magnesol as a catalyst absorban, especially if the purification uses water (wet wash system) because it will be harmful to engine components such as: seal leaks quickly, easily arise fungus, rust/corrosion on the cylinder heads, pumps and fuel filters are often clogged, etc. Biodiesel production process with non-catalytic method can overcome the weaknesses mentioned above. In this study, rubber seed oil is obtained by the method of pressing.The oil specifications are as follow: viscosity 5.19 cSt, density 0.9209 g/ml, water content 0.2%, free fatty acid (FFA) 6.66%, and the boiling point 305 oC.The methodology used is processing rubber seed into biodiesel with superheated methanol non-catalyst method. Transesterification performed in a Bubble Column Reactor (BCR) at the reaction temperature 270oC, 275oC, 280oC, 285oC, and 290 oC and held at atmospheric pressure. The molar ratio of methanol and rubber seed oil were: 140, 150, and 160. The results showed that the process of making biodiesel from vegetable oil catalyst method is usually carried out through the various stages of the process e.g: degumming process to remove mucus or sap it contains, esterification to reduce the FFA content to below 2,5% to prevent saponification, and tranesterification to obtain methyl esters or biodiesel and then washing. But in its development by using non-catalytic method turns out that the rubber seed oil has a high FFA content (above 2.5%) can be directly processed tranesterification without any saponification formed and can produce biodiesel without having to experience the process of degumming, esterification and washing. The density, cetane number, pour point, flash point, and the acid number of non-catalyst method is better than the catalyst method.The disadvantage is that micro carbon residue contained by biodiesel of rubber seed oils (B-100) are still high enough above the allowable standard. The optimum methyl ester content was obtained at molar ratio of 160 and the reaction temperature 290 oC because it produces the largest biodiesel and the smallest glycerol. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia: Proses produksi biodiesel dari biji karet (Hevea brasiliensis) yang dilaksanakan di Indonesia pada umumnya memakai metode katalis (asam atau alkil) dan metode pencucian basah atau metode pencucian kering. Metode katalis membawa banyak kerugian antara lain: waktu produksi lama, biaya produksi tinggi karena menggunakan magnesol sebagai absorban, terutama jika pemurniannya menggunakan air (sistem pencucian basah) karena akan dapat merusak komponen mesin seperti misalnya: seal cepat bocor, mudah timbul jamur, karat / korosi pada silinder head, pompa dan saringan bahan bakar sering buntu, dan sebagainya. Proses produksi biodiesel dengan metode non-katalis dapat mengatasi kelemahan seperti disebutkan di atas. Pada studi ini, minyak biji karet diperoleh dengan metode pengepresan. Spesifikasi minyak adalah sebagai berikut: viskositas 5,19 cSt, densitas 0,9209 g/ml, kandungan air 0,2%, asam lemak bebas (FFA) 6,66%, dan titik didih 305oC. Metodelogi yang digunakan adalah pemrosesan biji karet menjadi biodiesel metode non-katalis superheated methanol. Tranesterifikasi berlangsung di dalam sebuah Bubble Column Reactor (BCR) pada temperatur reaksi 270oC, 275oC, 280oC, 285oC, dan 290oC serta pada tekanan atmosfir. Rasio molar antara methanol dan minyak biji karet adalah: 140, 150, dan 160. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada proses pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak nabati metode katalis biasanya melalui berbagai tahapan proses yaitu: proses degumming untuk melepaskan getah atau lendir yang dikandungnya, esterifikasi untuk menurunkan kadar FFA sampai di bawah 2,5% untuk mencegah penyabunan, dan tranesterifikasi untuk memperoleh metil ester atau biodiesel dan kemudian pencucian. Tetapi dalam pengembangannya menggunakan metode non-katalis ternyata bahwa minyak biji karet yang memiliki kadar FFA tinggi (di atas 2,5%) dapat secara langsung diproses tranesterifikasi tanpa terjadi penyabunan dan dapat menghasilkan biodiesel tanpa harus mengalami proses pendahuluan degumming, esterifikasi, maupun pencucian. Densitas, angka setana, titik tuang, titik nyala, dan angka asam metode non-katalis lebih baik dari pada metode katalis. Kelemahannya adalah bahwa residu karbon mikro yang dikandung oleh biodiesel minyak biji karet (B-100) masih cukup tinggi di atas standar yang diijinkan. Kadar metil ester optimum diperoleh pada rasio molar 160 dan temperatur reaksi 290oC karena menghasilkan biodiesel terbesar dan gliserol terkecil Kata kunci: biji karet, biodiesel, non-katalis, superheated methanol, bubble column reactor.

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