Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, a reputable international journal, provides a forum for publishing the novel technologies related to the catalyst, catalysis, chemical reactor, kinetics, and chemical reaction engineering. Scientific articles dealing with the following topics in chemical reaction engineering, catalysis science, and engineering, catalyst preparation method and characterization, novel innovation of chemical reactor, kinetic studies, etc. are particularly welcome. However, articles concerned on the general chemical engineering process are not covered and out of the scope of this journal. This journal encompasses Original Research Articles, Review Articles (only selected/invited authors), and Short Communications, including: fundamentals of catalyst and catalysis; materials and nano-materials for catalyst; chemistry of catalyst and catalysis; surface chemistry of catalyst; applied catalysis; applied bio-catalysis; applied chemical reaction engineering; catalyst regeneration; catalyst deactivation; photocatalyst and photocatalysis; electrocatalysis for fuel cell application; applied bio-reactor; membrane bioreactor; fundamentals of chemical reaction engineering; kinetics studies of chemical reaction engineering; chemical reactor design (not process parameter optimization); enzymatic catalytic reaction (not process parameter optimization); kinetic studies of enzymatic reaction (not process parameter optimization); the industrial practice of catalyst; the industrial practice of chemical reactor engineering; application of plasma technology in catalysis and chemical reactor; and advanced technology for chemical reactors design. However, articles concerned about the "General Chemical Engineering Process" are not covered and out of the scope of this journal.
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<![CDATA[Ni Nanoparticles on Reducible Metal Oxides (Sm2O3, CeO2, ZnO) as Catalysts for CO2 Methanation ]]>
<![CDATA[Athirah Ayub]]>;
<![CDATA[Hasliza Bahruji]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdul Hanif Mahadi]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 3 Year 2021 (September 2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) ]]>
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DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.3.10948.641-650
<![CDATA[The activity of reducible metal oxide Sm2O3, CeO2, and ZnO as Ni nanoparticles support was investigated for CO2 methanation reaction. CO2 methanation was carried out between 200 °C to 450 °C with the optimum catalytic activity was observed at 450 °C. The reducibility of the catalysts has been comparatively studied using H2-Temperature Reduction Temperature (TPR) method. The H2-TPR analysis also elucidated the formation of surface oxygen vacancies at temperature above 600 °C for 5Ni/Sm2O3 and 5Ni/CeO2. The Sm2O3 showed superior activity than CeO2 presumably due to the transition of the crystalline phases under reducing environment. However, the formation of NiZn alloy in 5Ni/ZnO reduced the ability of Ni to catalyze methanation reaction. A highly dispersed Ni on Sm2O3 created a large metal/support interfacial interaction to give 69% of CO2 conversion with 100% selectivity at 450 °C. The 5Ni/Sm2O3 exhibited superior catalytic performances with an apparent phase transition from cubic to a mixture of cubic and monoclinic phases over a long reaction, presumably responsible for the enhanced conversion after 10 h of reaction. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).]]>
<![CDATA[Biocatalytic Reduction of Formaldehyde to Methanol: Effect of pH on Enzyme Immobilization and Reactive Membrane Performance ]]>
<![CDATA[Norhayati Abdul Rahman]]>;
<![CDATA[Fauziah Marpani]]>;
<![CDATA[Nur Hidayati Othman]]>;
<![CDATA[Nur Hashimah Alias]]>;
<![CDATA[Junaidah Jai]]>;
<![CDATA[Nik Raikhan Nik Him]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 3 Year 2021 (September 2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) ]]>
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DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.3.10568.472-480
<![CDATA[Thermodynamic stabled CO2 molecules can be biocatalytically reduced to methanol via three cascade dehydrogenases (formate, formaldehyde and alcohol) with the aid of cofactor as the electron donor. In this study, Alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1), the third step of the cascade enzymatic reaction which catalyzed formaldehyde (CHOH) to methanol (CH3OH) will be immobilized in an ultrafiltration membrane. The enzyme will be immobilized in the support layer of a poly(ether)sulfone (PES) membrane via a technique called fouling induced enzyme immobilization. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of varying pH (acid (pH 5), neutral (pH 7) and alkaline (pH 9)) of the feed solution during immobilization process of ADH in the membrane in terms of permeate flux, observed rejection, enzyme loading and fouling mechanism. The experiment was conducted in a pressure driven, dead-end stirred filtration cell. Reaction conversion and biocatalytic productivity will be also evaluated. The results showed that permeate flux for acid solution were the lowest during immobilization. High concentration polarization and fouling resistance cause lower observed rejection for pH 7 and 9. Enzyme loading for pH 5 give 73.8% loading rate which is the highest compared to 62.4% at pH 7 and 70.1% at pH 9. Meanwhile, the conversion rate during the reaction shows that reaction on fouled membrane showed more than 90% conversion for pH 5 and 7. The fouling model predicted that irreversible fouling occurs during enzyme immobilization at pH 7 with standard blocking mechanism while reversible fouling occurs at pH 5 and 9 with intermediate and complete blocking, respectively. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). ]]>
<![CDATA[Backmatter (Publication Ethics, Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing Form) ]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 3 Year 2021 (September 2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) ]]>
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DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.3.11805.App.1-App.5
<![CDATA[Utilization of Modified Zeolite as Catalyst for Steam Gasification of Palm Kernel Shell ]]>
<![CDATA[Joko Waluyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Petric Marc Ruya]]>;
<![CDATA[Dwi Hantoko]]>;
<![CDATA[Jenny Rizkiana]]>;
<![CDATA[I.G.B.N. Makertihartha]]>;
<![CDATA[Mi Yan]]>;
<![CDATA[Herri Susanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 3 Year 2021 (September 2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) ]]>
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DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.3.10837.623-631
<![CDATA[Syngas from biomass gasification is being developed for alternative feedstock in the chemical industry. Palm kernel shell which is generated from palm oil industry can be potentially used as raw material for gasification process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of modified natural zeolite catalysts in steam gasification of palm kernel shells. Mordenite type zeolite was modified by acid leaching to be used as a tar cracking catalyst. Steam gasification was conducted at the temperature range of 750–850 °C and the steam to biomass ratio was in the range of 0–2.25. The result showed that steam gasification of palm kernel shell with the addition of zeolite catalyst at 750 °C and steam to biomass ratio 2.25 could reduce tar content up to 98% or became 0.7 g/Nm3. In this study, gasification of palm kernel shells produced syngas with the hydrogen concentration in the range of 52–64% and H2/CO ratio of 2.7–5.7. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). ]]>
<![CDATA[Challenges & Opportunities on Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol to Value Added Chemicals ]]>
<![CDATA[Zaki Yamani Zakaria]]>;
<![CDATA[Mazura Jusoh]]>;
<![CDATA[Shams Shazid Kader]]>;
<![CDATA[Siti Shawalliah Idris]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 3 Year 2021 (September 2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) ]]>
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DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.3.10524.525-547
<![CDATA[With the rapid expansion of biodiesel industry, its main by-product, crude glycerol, is anticipated to reach a global production of 6 million tons in 2025. It is actually a worrying phenomenon as glycerol could potentially emerge as an excessive product with little value. Glycerol, an alcohol and oxygenated chemical from biodiesel production, has essentially enormous potential to be converted into higher value-added chemicals. Using glycerol as a starting material for value-added chemical production will create a new demand on the glycerol market such as lactic acid, propylene glycol, alkyl lactatehydrogen, olefins and others. This paper briefly reviews the recent development on value-added chemicals derived from glycerol through catalytic conversion of refined and crude glycerol that have been proven to be promising in research stage with commercialization potential, or have been put in a corporate marketable production. Despite of the huge potential of products that can be transformed from glycerol, there are still numerous challenges to be addressed and discussed that include catalyst design and robustness; focus on crude or refined glycerol; reactor technology, reaction mechanism and thermodynamic analysis; and overall process commercial viability. The discussion will hopefully provide new insights on justified direction to focus on for glycerol transformation technology. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). ]]>
<![CDATA[A New Approach for the Green Biosynthesis of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles Ag2O, Characterization and Catalytic Application ]]>
<![CDATA[Brahim El-Ghmari]]>;
<![CDATA[Hanane Farah]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdellah Ech-Chahad]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 3 Year 2021 (September 2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) ]]>
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DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.3.11577.651-660
<![CDATA[In this paper, a facile and green approach for the synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles Ag2O NPs was performed using the extract of the wild plant Herniaria hirsuta (H. hirsuta). Different spectral methods were used for the characterization of the biosynthesized Ag2O NPs, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy gave a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of Ag2O NPs is 430 nm, estimation of direct and indirect forbidden gap bands are respectively 3.76 eV and 3.68 eV; Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis revealed the groups responsible for the stability and synthesis of Ag2O NPs. The morphology of Ag2O NPs was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showing a nearly spherical shape of Ag2O NPs, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) study confirmed the crystallinity of Ag2O NPs with a crystallinity size of 15.51 nm. The catalytic activity of Ag2O NPs, as well as the rings number were studied by the degradation of methylene blue dye. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).]]>
<![CDATA[Molecular Interaction Analysis of COX-2 Against Aryl Amino Alcohol Derivatives from Isoeugenol as Anti Breast Cancer using Molecular Docking ]]>
<![CDATA[Zulfa Zuhrufa]]>;
<![CDATA[Tatang Shabur Julianto]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 3 Year 2021 (September 2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) ]]>
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DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.3.10324.581-587
<![CDATA[Breast cancer occurs due to uncontrolled cells proliferation. The Proliferation causes severe inflammatory which can be the initial stages of cancer symptoms. Aryl amino alcohol compounds from isoeugenol derivatives are proposed for the potential drugs of breast cancer. This study was conducted on iso-eugenol derivatives by adding carbonyl groups, hydroxyl groups, halide compounds and amines to determine the effect on anticancer activity through molecular docking studies. The molecular docking approach is carried out to see the interaction of ligands with protein compounds by using the minimized ligand energy bind with protein active site using protein data bank ID 5GMN. The docking result show that IE-Benzanilide-Cl (11) and IE-Benzanilide-OH (10) have the lowest binding energy (−8.3 kcal/mol and −8.6 kcal/mol) compare to another compounds. AdmetSAR computer simulations show that all compounds have very few toxic effects. The use of aryl amino alcohol derivatives (10 and 11) may be suggested as anti-breast cancer drugs. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). ]]>
<![CDATA[The Influence of H2O2 on The Photocatalytic Pretreatment of Cellulose for 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural (5-HMF) Production ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Imam Syafi’i]]>;
<![CDATA[Khanin Nueangnoraj]]>;
<![CDATA[Siwarutt Boonyarattanakalin]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 3 Year 2021 (September 2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) ]]>
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DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.3.10311.565-570
<![CDATA[Photocatalysis has been widely known as a simple green technology to be applied in the synthesis and degradation process of organic molecules. An application of photocatalysis in a biomass pretreatment for a 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) production was investigated in this study. The results have revealed that photocatalysis, applied during pretreatment, facilitates the breakdown of cellulose. The presence of oxidizing agent (H2O2) in the ratios to cellulose of 11:1, 18:1, and 37:1 mol.mol-1 has been investigated for its effect on the production of 5-HMF. The optimum conditions obtained for the pretreatment process was the presence of H2O2 at 37:1 mol.mol-1, which was followed by the process of evaporation of the remaining H2O2 after pretreatment. The 5-HMF yield from the hydrolysis process involving pretreatment was 13.07%, while the yield from the process without pretreatment was 9.79%. The application of the pretreatment has succeeded in increasing the 5-HMF yield by 25.09%. The progress in the pretreatment was also marked by the presence of the carboxyl groups in the pretreated samples which were observed by the Fourier Transforms Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). ]]>
<![CDATA[The Potential of Cellulose as a Source of Bioethanol using the Solid Catalyst: A Mini-Review ]]>
<![CDATA[Didi Dwi Anggoro]]>;
<![CDATA[Kamsi Nur Oktavia]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 3 Year 2021 (September 2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) ]]>
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DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.3.10635.661-672
<![CDATA[One of the most important biofuels is cellulose ethanol which is a popular material for bioethanol production. The present cellulosic ethanol production is through the cellulolytic process and this involves the splitting of complex cellulose into simple sugars through the hydrolysis process of the lignocellulose pretreated with acids and enzymes after which the product is fermented and distilled. There are, however, some challenges due to the enzymatic and acid processes based on the fact that acid hydrolysis has the ability to corrode equipment and cause unwanted waste while the enzymatic hydrolysis process requires a longer time because enzymes are costly and limited. This means there is a need for innovations to minimize the problems associated with these two processes and this led to the application of solid catalysts as the green and effective catalyst to convert cellulose to ethanol. Solid catalysts are resistant to acid and base conditions, have a high surface area, and do not cause corrosion during the conversion of the cellulose due to their neutral pH. This review, therefore, includes the determination of the cellulose potential as feedstock to be used in ethanol production as well as the preparation and application of solid catalyst as the mechanism to convert cellulose into fuel and chemicals. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). ]]>
<![CDATA[Study of Hydrolysis Process from Pineapple Leaf Fibers using Sulfuric Acid, Nitric Acid, and Bentonite Catalysts ]]>
<![CDATA[Bayu Wiyantoko]]>;
<![CDATA[Rika Rusitasari]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahma Novia Putri]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 3 Year 2021 (September 2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) ]]>
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DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.3.10281.571-580
<![CDATA[The hydrolysis process of pineapple leaf fibers has been carried out using sulfuric acid, nitric acid, bentonite catalyst, and activated bentonite catalyst. The sugar content of the hydrolysis product was identified using the phenol-sulfuric acid method by UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The disposal of pineapple leaf is a big problem even though it has high cellulose content (70–80%) and very promising to produce sugar by hydrolysis process. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effectiveness of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts related to sugar levels in pineapple leaf fiber. The variables in this study were the sampling time during the hydrolysis process at a temperature of 100 °C and the addition of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. The homogeneous catalysts were sulfuric acid and the nitric acid meanwhile heterogeneous catalyst was thermally activated bentonite and acid-activated bentonite. The results obtained highest sugar content reached at 150 minutes using chemical activated bentonite catalysts at 6.459 g/L and the addition of catalysts affected sugar yields, speed up the reaction, bentonite as a good catalyst, and gave good prospect for ethanol production in further process. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). ]]>
