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All Journal Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis

Joko Waluyo

Chemical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Author-ID : 3273811

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

Published : 13 Documents Claim Missing Document

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Utilization of Modified Zeolite as Catalyst for Steam Gasification of Palm Kernel Shell Joko Waluyo; Petric Marc Ruya; Dwi Hantoko; Jenny Rizkiana; I.G.B.N. Makertihartha; Mi Yan; Herri Susanto
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 3 Year 2021 (September 2021)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.3.10837.623-631

Syngas from biomass gasification is being developed for alternative feedstock in the chemical industry. Palm kernel shell which is generated from palm oil industry can be potentially used as raw material for gasification process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of modified natural zeolite catalysts in steam gasification of palm kernel shells. Mordenite type zeolite was modified by acid leaching to be used as a tar cracking catalyst. Steam gasification was conducted at the temperature range of 750–850 °C and the steam to biomass ratio was in the range of 0–2.25. The result showed that steam gasification of palm kernel shell with the addition of zeolite catalyst at 750 °C and steam to biomass ratio 2.25 could reduce tar content up to 98% or became 0.7 g/Nm3. In this study, gasification of palm kernel shells produced syngas with the hydrogen concentration in the range of 52–64% and H2/CO ratio of 2.7–5.7. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Pengaruh Perendaman Asam Nitrat pada Pemrosesan Nasi Instan untuk Menurunkan Indeks Glikemik Joko Waluyo; Yusi Prasetyaningsih; Fenny Tri Ariyani; Ida Maya Sari
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 1 (2020): Volume 4 No 1 July 2020
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v4i1.43225

Abstrak. Nasi merupakan makanan utama bagi kebanyakan orang di Indonesia. Memasak nasi membutuhkan waktu sekitar 40-50 menit. Nasi instan merupakan solusi untuk menanak nasi dalam waktu yang relatif singkat melalui proses precooking dan pengeringan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat nasi instan dengan indeks glikemik rendah agar dapat dikonsumsi oleh penderita diabetes melitus. Cara pembuatan nasi instan ini adalah dengan cara merendam - memasak - membekukan - mengeringkannya. Beras direndam menggunakan larutan Na-sitrat 2 - 7% pada suhu 50°C, selama 2 jam. Perbandingan beras dengan larutan perendaman adalah 1: 2. Nasi yang sudah dimasak dibekukan di dalam freezer pada suhu -4°C selama 24 jam. Beras yang telah dicairkan dengan proses thawing menggunakan air hangat pada suhu 60°C. Beras kemudian dipanaskan pada suhu 70°C selama 4-5 jam. Nasi instan siap diseduh (dihidrasi kembali) menggunakan air mendidih. Waktu rehidrasi beras instan mencapai 5,49 menit. Hasil pengujian indeks glikemik menunjukkan nilai indeks glikemik instan sebesar 51,69 dengan kandungan nutrisi yang tidak berubah secara signifikan seperti beras asli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembuatan nasi instan dengan perendaman-masak beku-kering dapat menurunkan indeks glikemik. Abstract. Rice is the main food for most people in Indonesia. Cooking rice takes about 40-50 minutes. Instant rice is a solution for cooking rice in a relatively short time through a process of precooking and drying. The purpose of this study is to make instant rice with a low glycemic index so that it can be consumed by people with diabetes mellitus. The method used in making this instant rice is soak - cook - freeze - dry it. The rice is soaked using 2 - 7% Na-citrate solution at 50°C, for 2 hours. The ratio of rice with a soaking solution is 1: 2. Rice is needed up to pH 7 then accepted using ricecookerz. Cooked rice is frozen in the freezer at -4°C for 24 hours. Rice which has been liquefied by thawing process uses warm water at 60°C. Rice is then heated at 70°C for 4-5 hours. Instant rice is ready to be brewed (rehydrated) using boiling water. Instant rice rehydration time reaches 5.49 minutes. The glycemic index test results showed an instant glycemic index value of 51.69 with a nutrient content that did not change significantly like the original rice. The results show that making instant rice vy soaking-cookingfreezing -drying can reduce the glycemic index. Keywords: quick cooking rice, rehydration time, glycemic index

Menurunkan Indeks Glikemik Beras Putih Melalui Proses Pratanak Margono Margono; Fawnia Hanifah; Ameilia Ayu Safitri; Bregas Siswahjono Tatag Sambodo; Paryanto Paryanto; Joko Waluyo; Ari Diana Susanti; Prabang Setyono
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2020): Volume 4 No 2 December 2020
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v4i2.45464

Abstrak. Nasi merupakan sumber karbohidrat dan makanan pokok masyarakat di seluruh dunia, khususnya di Asia. Konsumsi karbohidrat khususnya beras dapat menimbulkan efek penyakit diabetes tipe 2. Hal ini disebabkan karena indeks glikemik nasi putih lebih tinggi yaitu 56. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh nasi ciherang setengah matang dan ekstrak daun keji beling. Beras direndam selama 6 jam sehingga kadar air meningkat menjadi 30%. Beras dimasak dalam autoclave pada suhu 116 oC selama 15 menit. Nasi kemudian dikeringkan pada suhu 50 oC selama 24 jam. Metode ini tidak berpengaruh pada penurunan indeks glikemik tetapi meningkatkan indeks glikemik lebih tinggi dari 54, mis. 56 oleh penguji 1 dan 80 oleh penguji 2. Abstract. Rice is a carbohydrate source and staple food for around the world of people, specially in Asia. Carbohydrate consumption , especially rice, can have effects of diabetes desease type 2. It is caused by the glycemic index of white rice is higher of 56. This research was conducted to study the effects of parboiled ciherang rice and extract of keji beling leaf. The rice was submerged for 6 hours so the mouisture increased to 30%. It was cooked in an autoclave at 116 oC for 15 minutes. The cooked rice then it was dried at 50 oC for 24 hours. This method didn’t have effects on reducing glycemic index but it increased the glycemic index higher than 54, e.g. 56 by tester 1 and 80 by tester 2.Keywords: rice, glycemic index, parboiled, ciherang.

Modification of Natural Zeolite as a Catalystfor Steam Reforming of Toluene Joko Waluyo; Tobias Richards; IGBN Makertihartha; Herri Susanto
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 17, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

A catalyst for tar cracking has been prepared successfully from natural zeolites using ion exchange with NH4NO3, and acid leaching with HNO3 solution for removing impurities and increasing pore volume. The activity of the modified zeolite was tested using toluene as a tar model compound. Tar conversion of about 54% was achieved in catalytic steam reforming at a temperature of 750C using 2 gram of catalyst and the gas hourly space velocity about 5040 h-1.

Kajian Teknoekonomi Bioetanol Berbahan Molasses Sebagai Alternatif Substitusi BBM Awaludin Fitroh Rifa'i; Widya Anggraini Pamungkas; Rosana Budi Setyawati; Candra Pangesti Setiawan; Joko Waluyo
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 1 (2022): Volume 6, No 1 July 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i1.63158

ABSTRAK. Konsumsi energi pada sektor transportasi di Indonesia sangat besar dikarenakan penggunaan BBM yang sangat besar. Besarnya proporsi penggunaan BBM untuk transportasi juga diikuti dengan besarnya subsidi pemerintah untuk BBM. Data sepanjang tahun 2010-2020 menunjukkan realisasi subsidi BBM selalu lebih besar dibandingkan dengan yang dianggarkan. Sehingga perlunya alternatif untuk mengurangi konsumsi BBM pada sektor transportasi. Dari sisi teknis peluang penggunaan bioetanol generasi 1 (G1) berbahan molasses mudah di aplikasikan karena proses yang sederhana. Dari analisis ekonomi terlihaat bahawa projek ini layak dilakukan ketika NPV dan DCFROR bernilai positif, sehingga saat harga molasses 1.500,00/ Kg dan harga bioetanol 15.000,00/ liter projek ini layak dilakukan, begitu juga ketika harga molasses 2.061,00/ Kg dan harga bioetanol 16.000,00/ liter serta ketika harga molasses 2.061,00/ Kg dan harga bioetanol 15.000,00/ liter, namun ketika harga molasses 2.061,00/ Kg dan harga bioetanol 12.113,00/ liter projek ini tidak layak dilakukan karena NPV dan DCFROR bernilai negatif. Dari hasil simulasi tersebut diketahui bahwa harga molases dan bioetanol sangat berpengaruh terhadap realisasi substitusi BBM dengan bioetanol, selain itu ketersedian bahan baku yaitu molasses juga perlu diperhatikan untuk menjaga kontinuitas proses. Kata Kunci: Bahan Bakar, Bioetanol, Ekonomi, Transportasi ABSTRACT. Energy consumption in the transportation sector in Indonesia is very large due to the very large use of fuel. A large proportion of the use of fuel for transportation is also followed by the number of government subsidies for fuel. Data throughout 2010-2020 show that the realization of fuel subsidies is always higher than the budgeted one. So the need for alternatives to reduce fuel consumption in the transportation sector. From a technical point of view, the opportunity to use bioethanol generation 1 (G1) which is made from molasses is easy to apply because of the simple process. From the economic analysis, it can be seen that this project is feasible when the NPV and DCFROR are positive, so when the molasses price is 1.500,00/Kg and the bioethanol price is 15,000.00/liter this project is feasible, as well as when the molasses price is 2.061,00/Kg and the price of molasses is 2.061,00/Kg. bioethanol 16.000,00/liter and when the price of molasses is 2.061,00/Kg and the price of bioethanol is 15.000,00/liter, but when the price of molasses is 2.061,00/Kg and the price of bioethanol is 12.113,00/liter this project is not feasible because of NPV and DCFROR have a negative value. From the simulation results, it is known that the price of molasses and bioethanol is very influential on the realization of the substitution of fuel with bioethanol, the availability of raw materials or molasses also needs to be considered to maintain the continuity of the process.Keywords: Fuel, Bioethanol, Economy, Transportation

Evaluasi Kinerja IPAL Individual SANFAB ST 600 dengan Penambahan Anaerobic Granule Bacteria terhadap Outlet IPAL Domestik di Dusun Karangmojo, Boyolali Joko Waluyo; Paryanto Paryanto; Margono Margono; Sofiana Mukti Wigati; Shafira Rachmadhani; Ibnu Singgih Pranoto; Yulinar Pramesti Cahyani
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 1 (2022): Volume 6, No 1 July 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i1.61498

ABSTRAK. Kabupaten Boyolali memiliki jumlah penduduk tertinggi kedua di eks-Karesidenan Surakarta sehingga limbah cair domestik yang dihasilkan juga tinggi. Hal ini mendorong upaya pengelolaan limbah domestik menggunakan SANFAB ST 600. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas kinerja IPAL Individual SANFAB ST 600 setelah diberi perlakuan dengan Anaerobic Granule Bacteria. SANFAB ST 600 memiliki volume 600 L dan berkapasitas 1-4 orang. Air limbah rumah tangga yang dialirkan ke inlet ST akan menuju ke settler, selanjutnya mengalir secara upstream dalam unit Anaerobic Filter dan terjadi penguraian zat pencemar oleh bakteri anaerobik. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada dua rumah di Dusun Karangmojo, Kabupaten Boyolali. Sampel diuji di BLKK Yogyakarta untuk parameter TSS, COD, BOD, konsentrasi Amonia, pH, dan ORP. Pada minggu ketiga di Rumah Bapak Wahyudi, karakteristik outlet ST memiliki nilai TSS 25,5 mg/L, Amonia 0,255 mg/L, BOD 25,01 mg/L, dan COD 47,92 mg/L sehingga sudah sesuai baku mutu. Dari hasil uji dilakukan perhitungan efektivitas pengolahan TSS, BOD, dan COD dengan cara menghitung selisih konstanta inlet dan outlet dibagi dengan konstanta inlet serta perhitungan rasio BOD/COD dengan membagi kadar COD dan BOD setiap sampel. Dari sumber limbah WC dan kamar mandi (Rumah Bapak Wahyudi) bakteri bekerja lebih efektif dibanding sumber limbah WC (Rumah Bapak Somowirejo) dengan efisiensi lebih dari 80% pada minggu ketiga penambahan bakteri. Kata kunci: Anaerobic Granule Bacteria, Efisiensi, Limbah Domestik, IPAL ST 600 ABSTRACT. Boyolali Regency has the second highest population in the residence of Surakarta so the domestic wastewater generation is also high. This led to the management of domestic wastewater using Individual WWTP SANFAB ST 600. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Individual WWTP SANFAB ST 600 after being treated with Anaerobic Granule Bacteria. The SANFAB ST 600 has a volume of 600 L and a capacity of 1-4 people. Domestic wastewater that flows into the ST inlet will go to the settler, then flows upstream into the Anaerobic Filter unit and decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. Sampling was carried out at two houses in Karangmojo, Boyolali Regency. Samples were tested at BLKK Yogyakarta for parameters of TSS, COD, BOD, Ammonia concentration, pH, and ORP. In the third week at Wahyudi's house, the characteristics of the ST outlet had a value of TSS 25.5 mg/L, Ammonia 0.255 mg/L, BOD 25.01 mg/L, and COD 47.92 mg/L so it already suitable with the standard. From the test results, the effectiveness of TSS, BOD, and COD reduction is calculated by the difference between the inlet and outlet constants divided by the inlet constant and also calculating the BOD/COD ratio by dividing the COD and BOD levels of each sample. From the source of WC and bathroom waste (Mr. Wahyudi's House) the bacteria worked more effectively than the WC source (Mr. Somowirejo's House) with an efficiency of more than 80% in the third week after bacteria addition.Keywords: Anaerobic Granule Bacteria, Efficiency, Domestic Wastewater, IPAL ST 600

Pengaruh Fly Ash sebagai Katalis pada Proses Pirolisis Pelet Sekam Padi terhadap Karakteristik Termal dan Produksi Synthetic Gas (Syngas) Joko Waluyo; Rizky Ridlo Ichlasul Amal; Abdul Aziz Yudistira; Handhianto Mustofa; Muhammad Luthfi Maulana
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 18, No 2 (2022): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.18.2.55193.148-157

Ketersediaan bahan bakar sebagai energi semakin menurun, sehingga dibutuhkan suatu energi alternatif dalam upaya menunjang ketersediaan energi, salah satunya melalui pemanfaatan proses pirolisis biomassa. Proses katalitik pirolisis biomassa menjadi pilihan baru karena dapat menurunkan input energi, konsumsi waktu serta meningkatkan kualitas produksi syngas dibandingkan dengan non-katalitik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan analisa karakteristik termal dan analisis yield syngas dalam penambahan fly ash sebagai katalis dalam proses pirolisis sekam padi. Penggunaan fly ash sebagai katalis menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam pemakaian katalis murah. Sampel biomassa sekam padi dihaluskan terlebih dahulu lalu dilakukan penyaringan hingga ukuran -140+200 mesh (0,074 – 0,105 mm). Fly ash yang merupakan limbah hasil pembakaran batubara diperoleh dari industri pembangkit listrik juga disaring dengan ukuran yang sama. Kemudian fly ash dan sekam padi dicampurkan untuk dibentuk pelet dengan variasi sampel penambahan fly ash 5% (FARH5), 10% (FARH10), 20% (FARH20) dari massa sekam padi. Pelet yang dihasilkan berukuran diameter 5 mm dan panjang 13 ‒ 15 mm. Proses pirolisis dilakukan dalam laju pemanasan 10 °Cmin-1 hingga mencapai suhu 600 °C menggunakan alat makro-TGA dengan gas nitrogen sebagai gas pembawa. Hasil syngas dari proses pirolisis ditampung dalam gas bag untuk dianalisis menggunakan GC. Pengolahan data hasil pirolisis dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik termal melalui metode DTG (Differential Thermogravimetric). Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa penambahan katalis fly ash optimal pada variabel FARH20 dapat meningkatkan laju konversi maksimum 0,00893 K-1 pada suhu operasi reaksi yang lebih rendah 567,11 K dan peningkatan yield syngas pada variabel FARH10 sebesar 47,04%.The Effect of Fly Ash as a Catalyst on Pyrolysis Process of Rice Husk Pellets on Thermal Characteristics and Synthetic Gas (Syngas) Production. Utilization of the biomass pyrolysis process is one of the efforts to support alternative energy development to overcome the current declining availability of fuel. The catalytic pyrolysis of biomass is a new strategy to reduce energy input and time consumption, and improve syngas quality compared to non-catalytic. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of fly ash as a catalyst in the process of rice husk pyrolysis as a low-cost catalyst for thermal properties and syngas yield. The rice husk biomass sample was milled and sieved to -140+200 mesh (0,074 – 0,105 mm). Fly ash, a byproduct of coal combustion obtained from the power generation industry, was sieved to the same size as well. The fly ash and rice husks were then combined to form pellets, with variations of 5% (FARH5), 10% (FARH10), and 20% (FARH20) fly ash provided to the mass of rice husks. The formed pellets have a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 1315 mm. Using a macro-TGA device and nitrogen gas as the carrier gas, the pyrolysis process was carried out at a heating rate of 10 °Cmin-1 to a temperature of 600 °C. The syngas was placed in a gas bag for further examination using gas chromatography (GC). Pyrolysis data was processed to determine thermal properties using the DTG (Differential Thermogravimetric) method. The addition of an optimal fly ash catalyst in the FARH20 increased the maximum conversion rate to 0.00893 K-1 at a lower reaction operating temperature of 567.11 K and increased the syngas yield by 47.04% on the FARH10.

Application of Recycle System on a Cocoa Pod Husks Gasification in a Fixed-Bed Downdraft Gasifier to Produce Low Tar Fuel Gas Sunu Herwi Pranolo; Joko Waluyo; Jenni Prasetiyo; Muhammad Ibrahim Hanif
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 14, No 2 (2019): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan (December, 2019)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Biomass gasification is potentially generating not only producer gas but also tarry components. Practically, the gas may substitute traditional fuel in an internal combustion engine after reducing the tar. This research examined a producer gas recycle system to reduce tar component of producer gas generated with cocoa pod husks gasification using air as gasifying agent in a fixed-bed downdraft gasifier. Cocoa pod husks feed sizes were +1” sieve, -1”+ 0.5” sieve, and -0.5” sieve. The gasification process was operated at the temperature range of 491 – 940oC and at various gasifying agent volumetric rates of 62.84; 125,68; and 188.53 NL/min or at equivalent ratio range of 0.014 – 0.042. A recycle system of outlet producer gas to gasifier was set at volumetric rates of 0.139; 0.196; and 0.240 L/min. The performance of the system was evaluated with analyzing the tar component using gravimetric method of ASTM D5068-13, and the gas component of CO, H2, CO2 and CH4 compositions in producer gas were analyzed using Gas Chromatography GC-2014 Shimadzu sensor TCD-14. This recycle system succeeded in reducing tar content as much as 97.19% at 0.139 L/min of recycle volumetric rate and at biomass feed size of -1”+0.5” sieve. The producer gas contained CO, H2, CO2 and CH4 of 23.29%, 2.66%, 13.30%, and 14.18% respectively. The recycle system cold gas efficiency was observed 65.24% at gasifying agent volumetric rate of 188.53 L/min and at biomass feed size of +1” sieve.

Absorption of Tar Content in Producer Gas using Used Cooking Oil in a Packed-bed Column Firman Asto Putro; Joko Waluyo; Bahaul Fahmi Al Haq; Wahyu Nur Hidayat; Sunu Herwi Pranolo
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 1 (2023): Volume 7, No 1 July 2023
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v7i1.70383

ABSTRACT. The tar content in producer gas may cause crusting on the engine if it is utilized as a fuel gas, thus it needs to be removed. This study aims to determine the liquid phase mass transfer coefficient in process of removing tar from producer gas in a packed-bed contactor column. This process is carried out continuously using used-cooking oil as absorbent. This was carried out by contacting the producer gas as a product of cacao pod-husk gasification at temperature range of 491-940oC at a certain counter-current flow rate with used-cooking oil in a column with a Raschig ring packing bed. The study used packed-bed materials with specific surface areas of 29.3927 m2/m3, 49.7532 m2/m3, 95.4113 m2/m3, 96.8182 m2/m3, 101.6840 m2/m3, and 105.0128 m2/m3, and with the linear velocity of used-cooking oil ranging from 0.0229 m/s to 0.0827 m/s. A mass transfer coefficient mathematical model has been constructed based on the research results. The model applies to the ranges (As.dt), (DL/dt.vL), and (µL / ρL.vL.dt) from 2.2397 to 8.0020, 2.26.10-10 to 1.72.10-9, and 0.0331 to 0.3102, respectively, with an average error of 9.33%. The average tar removed was 87%.Keywords: producer gas, mass transfer coefficient, packed-bed column, tar, usedcooking oil

A REVIEW OF NANOCELLULOSE SYNTHESIS METHODS AND ITS APPLICATION Fuad Dimar Fauzi; Hafidz Dhany Wicaksono; Joko Waluyo
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2023): Juni 2023
Publisher : Balai Bioteknologi, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/jbbi.v10i1.5349

Nanocellulose is a type of cellulose that is being widely developed to replace petroleum-based polymers. This material possesses biocompatible properties, is abundant in nature, and is eco-friendly due to its biodegradability, sustainability, and non-toxic nature. Various nanocellulose synthesis methods are employed, including acid hydrolysis, alkaline, mechanical and biological treatments, as well as ionic liquid and deep eutectic solvent methods. The choice of synthesis method greatly influences the particle size and crystallinity of the resulting nanocellulose; hence further investigation is needed to determine the effectiveness of these methods. Nanocellulose finds applications in various fields, such as films, polymers, cosmetics, medical fuels, and energy storage. Among the different nanocellulose synthesis methods, ionic liquid and deep eutectic solvent (DES) methods have environmentally safe waste with better temperature, time, and diameter control compared to other methods. However, the DES method is currently preferred over the ionic liquid method due to the possibility of separating the lignin waste from the solvent.

Co-Authors Abdul Aziz Yudistira Ameilia Ayu Safitri Ari Diana Susanti Ary Setyawan Awaludin Fitroh Rifa'i Bahaul Fahmi Al Haq Bregas Siswahjono Tatag Sambodo Candra Pangesti Setiawan Dwi Hantoko Fawnia Hanifah Fenny Tri Ariyani Firman Asto Putro Firman Asto Putro Fuad Dimar Fauzi Hafidz Dhany Wicaksono Handhianto Mustofa Herri Susanto Herri Susanto I.G.B Ngurah Makertihartha I.G.B.N. Makertihartha Ibnu Singgih Pranoto Ida Maya Sari Jenni Prasetiyo Jenny Rizkiana Margono Margono Margono Margono Maudy Pratiwi Novia Matovanni Mi Yan Muhammad Ibrahim Hanif Muhammad Luthfi Maulana Muhammad Nur Ikhsanudin Mujtahid Kaavessina Paryanto Paryanto Paryanto Paryanto Petric Marc Ruya Prabang Setyono Rizky Ibnufaatih Arvianto Rizky Ridlo Ichlasul Amal Rosana Budi Setyawati Shafira Rachmadhani Sofiana Mukti Wigati Sperisa Distantina Sunu Herwi Pranolo Sunu Herwi Pranolo Sunu Herwi Pranolo Sunu Herwi Pranolo Tobias Richards Wahyu Nur Hidayat Widya Anggraini Pamungkas Yulinar Pramesti Cahyani Yusi Prasetyaningsih

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