Journal of International Relations Studies
Journal of International Relations seeks original manuscripts that provide theoretically informed empirical analyses of issues in international relations, as well as original theoretical or conceptual analyses. The journal represents no particular school or approach, nor is it restricted to any particular methodology. Instead, it seeks to foster an awareness of methodological and epistemological questions in the study of International Relations, and to reflect research and developments of a conceptual, normative and empirical nature in all the major sub-areas of the field.
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<![CDATA[Analisis Potensial Tiongkok Untuk Menjadi Negara Hegemon di Kawasan Asia Timur Melalui Strategi One Belt One Road ]]>
<![CDATA[Harahap, Fathin Nisa Muthia]]>;
<![CDATA[Susiatiningsih, Rr. Hermini]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 2, Tahun 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[This research seeks is to know the potential of China to become a hegemonic country in East Asian region through the One Belt One Road strategy that initiated by China. This research uses the theory of offensive realism and the concept of hegemony to explain about China OBOR and China Foreign Policy. So based on this, the result of this study show that through the OBOR strategy that known as the Xi Jinping main Foreign Policy, China can improve the country’s economy and military expenditure, which is that two main aspect is the reason why state become a hegemonic country. So, that one of the requirement of the existing hegemon state in the hegemony concept has been fulfilled by China by improving their economic and military growth. And some response from neighboring China in East Asia region indicate that there are hegemony efforts that have been carried out by China through its OBOR strategy.]]>
<![CDATA[European Union's Data Protection in Cyberspace for Gender Minority ]]>
<![CDATA[Priwansyah, Rakha Hifzan]]>;
<![CDATA[Putranti, Ika Riswanti]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 2, Tahun 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[Data in the 21st century becomes one of the most valuable things an individual could ever possess and protect. The purpose of this study is to determine the actions taken by the European Union to secure gender minority sensitive data in cyberspace. In this research, there will be analyses of 29 European Union member states the institution responsible for collecting discrimination data towards gender minority individuals. This research uses the concept of human security, to be specific citizen personal security introduced by Costa Rican Human Development Report. Based on the using of citizen personal security concept, the results of this research show that European Union introduced data protection policy, such as General Data Protection Regulation, resulting in 8 principals which need to be satisfied in order to consider the process and use of gender minority data lawful and safe. Each of these 8 principals has passed as the form of securitibility in protecting gender minority individuals' sensitive data in cyberspace according to the citizen's personal security concept as they have reduced the probability of unlawful and misuse of sensitive data to happen.]]>
<![CDATA[Skeptisme Uni Eropa terhadap Regulasi Domestik Indonesia dalam Rangka Ekspor-Impor Crude Palm Oil: Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil ]]>
<![CDATA[Damayanti, Felisita]]>;
<![CDATA[Pattipeilohy, Shary Charlotte Henriette]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 2, Tahun 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[Palm oil is one of the important products for Indonesia to increase foreign exchange. The European Union is one of Indonesia’s list countries for exporting crude palm oil (CPO). The relationship between Indonesia and The European Union began to be disrupted by the implementation of the Renewable Energy Directive where either companies or countries that will export biomass products to EU members must choose one of nineteen certifications as a guarantee for the product has followed well sustainable. To enter the European Union’s CPO market, exporting countries must be certified in Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). However, based order from the Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia is obliged to use Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO). The debate is ISPO has not been recognized in the international market causes ISPO cannot penetrate the European market. This research will explain why the European Union is skeptical of ISPO regulation using a green theory perspective. In addition, this research is aimed at palm oil suppliers to realize how important palm oil certification is for better environmental sustainability. The results of this study indicate that ISPO as regulation has not been able to fulfill the four Ten Key Values concepts to create ‘green’ palm regulations.]]>
<![CDATA[Analisa Dampak Pencemaran Lingkungan Tiongkok Terhadap Aspek Human Security di Jepang ]]>
<![CDATA[Widiyani, Yulia]]>;
<![CDATA[Hanura, Marten]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 2, Tahun 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[Environmental issue has been developing in the international community the past years, not exceptionally for China. China has a serious environmental problem such as land, air and water pollution. Unfortunately, China’s environmental problems do not only af ecting the country itself but also posing threat to its neighboring country like Japan. Specifically, this study analyzes how environmental pollution in China can take into account of human security in Japan. To analyze this phenomenon, this research will use the concept of human security. The concept gives a novel insight into environmental issue. This study uses qualitative research methods with the type of descriptive research. The results of this study explain about environmental pollution that occurs in China is directly and indirectly causing environmental damage in Japan and poses a threat to the human security dimension for Japanese society.]]>
<![CDATA[Analisis Pengaruh Hukuman Mati Pekerja Migran Indonesia terhadap Hubungan Bilateral Indonesia dan Arab Saudi 2010-2018 ]]>
<![CDATA[Sani, Eprida]]>;
<![CDATA[Pattipeilohy, Shary Charlotte Henriette]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 2, Tahun 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[The pattern of bilateral relations between Indonesia and Saudi Arabia continues to run well even though many Indonesian migrant workers stumble over death penalty cases even to the death sentence without notification by the Saudi government. This paper aims to answer the question why the Indonesian government continues to establish good relations with Saudi Arabia after the death sentence of the PMI. To answer this question, the author use the concept of national interest from the theory of realism that was stated by K.J. Holsti (1996) where a country continues to cooperate with other countries due to its vital interests (Core Values), the medium term (Middle-range Objectives), and the long-term (Long-range goals) over other countries. The results of this study found that the cause of Indonesia to maintain bilateral relations with Saudi Arabia was to achieve national interests that were prioritized. In the interests of vital nature, Indonesia has a great responsibility to comply with the needs of the Hajj and Umrah of its citizens where this worship is carried out in the city of Mecca, located in Saudi Arabia. Then, in the medium term interests, Saudi Arabia is still one of the partners in cooperation which is the main destination country for sending PMIs. In addition to reducing unemployment, the existence of PMI contributes to the Indonesian economy through PMI remittances. Finally, in the longterm interests, both Indonesia and Saudi have a commitment to create international peace and security through Islamic cooperation organizations (OIC).]]>
<![CDATA[Komitmen Indonesia dalam Mematuhi Perjanjian Kerjasama REDD+ Indonesia-Norwegia terhadap Upaya Penanganan Deforestasi dan Degradasi Hutan di Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Satwika, Wira Fadhil]]>;
<![CDATA[Putranti, Ika Riswanti]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 2, Tahun 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[This research aims to explain commitments of the Indonesian government in complying with the REDD + Partnership between Indonesia and Norway towards the ef orts and policies of the Indonesian government to deal with deforestation and forest degradation problems. Indonesia has been long facing the issues of deforestation and forest degradation occurring along with the development of industrial activities at home and worldwide. Indonesia seeks to overcome these problems by among others establishing cooperation with Norway in the REDD + Partnership scheme, in which Indonesia is willing to contribute in reducing carbon gas emissions from the causes of deforestation and forest degradation, while Norway is willing to pay Indonesia for its performance in the environmental conservation worth of US $ 1 billion, starting from 2010. This research uses compliance theory as a perspective to analyze the commitments of the Indonesian government. This research also tries to explain which factors make the two countries agreed to comply with the partnership, and so that it can be known the type of compliance that Indonesia shows with the partnership. In addition, this research also provides an analysis of the sustainability of this partnership, which the process is still ongoing. It is recommended that Indonesia and Norway partnership in environmental protection would go further after REDD+ implementation in Indonesia for the sake of reducing deforestation and forest degradation in Indonesia.]]>
<![CDATA[Kepatuhan Pemerintah Jerman terhadap ICERD dalam Upaya Pemberantasan Diskriminasi Rasial di Jerman ]]>
<![CDATA[Hendri, Giorgio Alfari]]>;
<![CDATA[Putranti, Ika Riswanti]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 2, Tahun 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[This research aims to explain Germany’s compliance with the ICERD in its efforts to eradicate racial discrimination in Germany. Racial discrimination is one of the problems that has ingrained in Germany. An increase in immigration flows in the past few decades has led Germany to a fear of an increase in racial discrimination activities in Germany. This prompted the Federal Government of Germany to take efforts in eliminating racial discrimination through the ICERD where these efforts have been regulated in the indicators that are listed in the ICERD. This research uses compliance theory in analysing Germany’s compliance with the ICERD. This research tries to explain the relevance of ICERD in Germany’s efforts to eradicate racial discrimination. This research also tries to explain the efforts of the Federal Government of Germany in complying with the ICERD and its compliance level. At the end of this paper, the author presents the results of this research which reveals that ICERD is still relevant in the fight against racial discrimination in Germany. Moreover, this study also reveals the Federal Government of Germany’s treaty-induced compliance with the ICERD.]]>
<![CDATA[Love Hate Relationship: Kebijakan Amerika Serikat Memberikan Bantuan Luar Negeri Kepada Meksiko Dalam Rangka Pemberantasan Drugs Trafficking Organizations ]]>
<![CDATA[Fallah, Giri Afif]]>;
<![CDATA[Putranti, Ika Riswanti]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 2, Tahun 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[The United States and Mexico, as countries that have direct borders, of course, the two countries, both the United States and Mexico, are indirectly affected by the impact of longstanding drug cartels in Mexico. Various kinds of foreign aid has been given by the United States to Mexico, one of which is the Merida Initiative. The Merida Initiative is foreign aid for Mexico in dealing with the Drugs trafficking aid organizations that include the funds, training both in legal and military terms. But seeing the relationship between the two countries can be said Love Hate Relationship, this relationship is described as the two countries still providing assistance to each other, but on the other hand the relations between the two countries are not always good, there are many conflicts between the two countries. In this paper, it will explain why the United States provides very serious foreign assistance to Mexico to deal with Drugs trafficking organizations and in answering researchers will use the concept of Human Security which later this concept will answer rational reasons why the United States provides foreign assistance to Mexico and finally the reasons will be explained are divided into two factors namely security seen from the side of National Security America and from the economic side where Mexico is an important economic partner for the United States.]]>
<![CDATA[Kebijakan Afirmatif di Malaysia: Analisis Idiosinkretis Penolakan Mahathir Mohamad untuk Meratifikasi ICERD ]]>
<![CDATA[Karisma, Dela]]>;
<![CDATA[Rosyidin, Mohamad]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 2, Tahun 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[In November 2018 Mahathir Mohamad, who re-assumed the position of Prime Ministerof Malaysia stated that Malaysia would not ratify ICERD. It is considered by some to be asetback for the struggle of equalization of racial rights in Malaysia. Previous research on racialdiscrimination in Malaysia focused mostly on the human rights side and the roots ofdiscrimination itself without specifically addressing the issue of ICERD. This study will analyzethe rationale behind Malaysia's refusal to ratify ICERD using an idiosyncratic theory.Researcher place the level of analysis at the individual level, by examining Mahathir Mohamad.By analyzing elements of Mahathir Mohamad’s leadership style, the researcher argues that thestrong driving factor behind Malaysia's refusal to ratify ICERD is an element of Mahathir'sexperience and interest in politics as a person who was predominantly Malay-chauvinist becauseof his Malay-centric ideas.]]>
<![CDATA[Sekuritisasi Radiasi Nuklir Chernobyl di Wilayah Regional Uni Eropa ]]>
<![CDATA[Firyalmira, Farah]]>;
<![CDATA[Putranti, Ika Riswanti]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 2, Tahun 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[Environmental issues has become an important issues in the international world nowadays, even in some countries environmental issues as equivalent to political issues. After the end of the Second World War in 1945, apparently the issue of nuclear began to be popular to be discussed. The issue of nuclear attracted the attention of the European Union, Then Euratom Community was formed which had a focus on improving the security of nuclear energy development. The Chernobyl accident that occurred in 1986 in Ukraine was one of the worst nuclear accidents in history. Seeing this accident, the European Union then began to participate in the Chernobyl nuclear radiation handling activities in the area around Ukraine. Handling activities undertaken by the European Union focus on improving the security of nuclear energy development. At first these handling activities were only aimed at victims' countries around Ukraine, but then along with the development of the European Union era, they began to implement these handling activities in their regional areas. According to research conducted by UNSCEAR there is no nuclear radiation contamination in the European Union region. The purpose of this study is to find out the reasons behind the change in the attitude of the European Union in responding to the issue of Chernobyl nuclear radiation in its regional region. In analyzing this process, this research uses securitization theory with qualitative methods, literature study in data collection, and process tracing data analysis methods. The results showed that the change in the attitude of the European Union on the issue of Chernobyl nuclear radiation is a form of EU securitization to prevent the adverse ef ects of radiation that has entered into its regional territory to become more widespread and detrimental.]]>
