Journal of International Relations Studies
Journal of International Relations seeks original manuscripts that provide theoretically informed empirical analyses of issues in international relations, as well as original theoretical or conceptual analyses. The journal represents no particular school or approach, nor is it restricted to any particular methodology. Instead, it seeks to foster an awareness of methodological and epistemological questions in the study of International Relations, and to reflect research and developments of a conceptual, normative and empirical nature in all the major sub-areas of the field.
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<![CDATA[PERAN PERUSAHAAN MULTINASIONAL TERHADAP PERUBAHAN UPAYA PENANGANAN DEFORESTASI BRASIL DI AMAZON ]]>
<![CDATA[Maria Aurelia Pramitha]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Faizal Alfian]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Universitas Diponegoro Volume 9, Nomor 2, Tahun 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v9i2.38441
<![CDATA[The Amazon are being destroyed every year due to land conversion and fires. Brazil has committed to reduce deforestation rates with various policies. Unfortunately, since Jair Bolsonaro took office as President of Brazil in 2019, the commitment to reduce deforestation of the Amazon has been faded. Commitment shifting is indirectly driven by international trade carried out by multinational corporation, especially multinational corporation which enggaged in the global supply chain for cattle ranching and soybean agriculture, both of these sectors are contribute to the majority of deforestation in the Amazon. This study presents the formulation of the problem is "What is the role of multinational corporation in Brazilian policy changes in the forest management and deforestation of the Amazon?". By using dependency theory, this study argues that Brazil as a developing country is under the shadows of the interests of multinational corporation due to inequality, inevitably the government accommodate these interests in changing policies to expand the expansion of multinational corporation in the Amazon, especially those related to the exploitation of natural resources and deforestation. This research is a qualitative research using descriptive research type. This research finds that inequality in global capitalism brings exploitative development in Brazil, especially to deforestation for commercial land conversion and this condition is accommodated by the Brazilian government under Jair Bolsonaro.]]>
<![CDATA[Analisa Kegagalan Upaya Perdamaian Turki Dengan Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan (PKK) Tahun 2009-2015 ]]>
<![CDATA[Sheila Rosi Andika]]>;
<![CDATA[Marten Hanura]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Universitas Diponegoro Volume 9, Nomor 2, Tahun 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v9i2.38305
<![CDATA[The prolonged separatist conflict that the Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan (PKK) had with the Turkish government was caused by the failure of peace efforts between the two sides, hence raising questions about what caused the failure of the peace effort. Therefore, this article aims to analyze the factors behind the failure of peace efforts between Turkey and the PKK that occurred in 2009-2015. Using Charles Kupchan’s stable peace theory. The article argued that the failure of the peace effort was due to Turkey’s and the PKK’s lack of compliance with Kupchan’s stable peace criteria and conditions, as well as the failure of the peace process at the unilateral accommodation stage as both sides did not trust each other’s commitments. Turkey assumed that if it continued the negotiation process, the PKK would increase their demands. Meanwhile, PKK assumed that the Turkish government was not serious about dealing with the Kurdish Question so that the peace effort was deadlocked.]]>
<![CDATA[KEBANGKITAN KEKUATAN NORMATIF TIONGKOK DI EROPA: STUDI KASUS PENGARUH TIONGKOK TERHADAP HUNGARIA DALAM UNI EROPA PASCA INISIASI 16 + 1 ]]>
<![CDATA[Bagus Rahmadia Pranawa]]>;
<![CDATA[Reni Windiani]]>;
<![CDATA[Fendy Eko Wahyudi]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Universitas Diponegoro Volume 9, Nomor 2, Tahun 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v9i2.37944
<![CDATA[Hungary, under Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, through various policies, has occupied a unique position as a disruptive actor in the European Union. The EU considers that Hungary is no longer in line with EU values and has created complicated conditions for the EU. One form of Hungarian policy that has had a disruptive impact on the EU is Hungary's political support for China within the EU, even though China is considered a rival of the EU and has differing values than the EU. This research aims to explain why Hungary decided to support China. In this study, the authors use the concept of normative power, which analyzes how an actor can affect what is normal in international relations through the spread of universal values and norms. The author uses this concept to analyze the fulfillment of the characteristics criteria and the distribution factors of normative power. The research finds that Hungary has accepted, implemented, and disseminated China’s promoted values and alternative global politics model. These findings are proven through various policies and statements from the Hungarian government. This acceptance resulted in Hungary's deviation from EU values through various policies, including Hungary's policy of supporting China.]]>
<![CDATA[STABILITAS POLITIK DAN EKONOMI UNI EMIRAT ARAB SELAMA TERJADINYA ARAB SPRING ]]>
<![CDATA[Firsthy Brina Azhardiati]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Universitas Diponegoro Volume 9, Nomor 2, Tahun 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v9i2.38458
<![CDATA[ABSTRACT The United Arab Emirates (UEA), located in the Arabian Peninsula, has managed to remain relatively stable in the face of the widespread conflict and unrest brought about by the Arab Spring. This stability can be attributed to the country's political strength and economic power, which have enabled it to effectively respond to the challenges posed by the Arab Spring.This study aims to examine the relationship between the Failed States Index and the stability of the United Arab Emirates during the Arab Spring period. The research methodology utilized a combination of literature review, government reports, international journals, and online resources, with the annual Fragile States Index serving as the primary data source.Using the Failed States concept, the study suggest that the United Arab Emirates was able to remain stable due to the government's ability to manage the conflict by addressing some of the demands of its citizens. According to the Failed States Index, the United Arab Emirates satisfies the criteria that define a stable country.It is recommended that the UAE government approach its citizens to maintain the stability of its country as silencing opposing voices without international repercussions becomes increasingly difficult.Keywords: United Arab Emirates; Arab Spring; Failed States Index]]>
<![CDATA[UPAYA KOREA SELATAN DALAM MELINDUNGI HAK CIPTA KOREAN WAVE DARI PEMBAJAKAN KONTEN DIGITAL ]]>
<![CDATA[Ruth Yemima Exaudia Gintings]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Universitas Diponegoro Volume 9, Nomor 2, Tahun 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v9i2.38398
<![CDATA[Korean Wave, also known as Hallyu, is a popular culture of South Korean entertainment industry such as music, movie, serial drama, webtoon, and etc. These contents are protected as part of intellectual property, especially copyrights. But, their popularities come with infringement action, where pirated sites show South Korean movies and drama without any permission from the copyright holder. This study aims to explain South Korea’s effort to protect these Korean Wave contents. The framework used in this research are the intellectual property concept, especially copyrights, the globalization concept, and the sovereignty concept (Westphalian System). The globalization concept tries to analyze its effort to protect Korean Wave. This study uses a qualitative research method with the type of descriptive research, data obtained through literature study. This research shows that South Korea pretty success in tackling copyrights issues, though they still can’t solve it thoroughly.]]>
<![CDATA[Upaya Memulihkan Hak-hak Perempuan: FIAP Kanada dalam Upaya Penurunan Gender-Based Violence di Afghanistan ]]>
<![CDATA[Kanya Sepasthika Ramadhani]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Universitas Diponegoro Volume 9, Nomor 2, Tahun 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v9i2.38466
<![CDATA[Canada as a country highly committed to promoting gender equality and women's empowerment, launched the Feminist International Assistance Policy (FIAP) in 2017 under the leadership of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. The Feminist International Assistance Policy (FIAP) is a feminist-based foreign policy that focuses on gender equality and women's empowerment. In this case, FIAP's foreign policy is considered to be the best solution for Canada to overcome existing poverty and inequality. Afghanistan is one of the target countries for receiving Canadian FIAP assistance. Given the high percentage of Gender-Based Violence (GBV) phenomena and discrimination in Afghanistan, Canada is also trying to help reduce the level of GBV and discrimination in Afghanistan through the FIAP policy program. With this the author is interested in identifying various forms of cooperation carried out by Canada and Afghanistan in efforts to combat gender-based violence in Afghanistan, as well as explaining how a feminist perspective views Canadian FIAP policies. The scope of this research is during the period of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's government from 2018 to 2020. This research uses qualitative methods to explain how feminist-based foreign policies can affect the level of reduction of gender-based violence, and uses congruent methods as an analytical technique. The theory of liberal feminism, Gender-Based Violence, the concept of Gender Equality, Gender Mainstreaming, and Feminist Foreign Policy will be used in this research as a knife of analysis. The results of the study show that with the Feminist International Assistance Policy (FIAP) as a manifestation of liberal feminism, Canada will promote gender equality and empower women through various existing programs and policies so that it can have an impact on reducing the level of gender-based violence in Afghanistan.]]>
<![CDATA[DARI SWISS KE IRAN: “DALAM UPAYA MENDUKUNG GERAKAN SOSIAL PEMENUHAN HAM BAGI PEREMPUAN IRAN MELALUI NON GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION SWISS” ]]>
<![CDATA[Mutiara Agustin Br. Haloho]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Universitas Diponegoro Volume 9, Nomor 2, Tahun 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v9i2.38381
<![CDATA[The struggle for equal rights for women existed before the Islamic Revolution. To ensure that there are gender interests which are important in fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in social life.This study is seek to answer the actions of Iranian women as a society that has the same position and status and is able to contribute in the political field and women's participation to be able to participate in the political field and which is supported by Swiss women's institutions to elevate the role of women in Iran after the revolution through Non-Government Organization.This study uses the theory of Liberal Feminism which is one of the theories of International Relations in supporting the fulfillment of human rights for women. The results of the study show that the presence of Switzerland encourages the fulfillment of human rights for Iranian women. Switzerland has been present in Iran for 40 years and is a country of communication between the US and Iran together by supporting the fulfillment of Iranian women's human rights through NGOs and the existence of CEDAW as a convention on women's human rights, there is still a gap in human rights between men and women in Iran.]]>
<![CDATA[ANALISIS KETIDAKEFEKTIFAN DEKLARASI PANMUNJOM SEBAGAI UPAYA REUNIFIKASI SEMENANJUNG KOREA ]]>
<![CDATA[Nabila Lam'anah]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Universitas Diponegoro Volume 9, Nomor 2, Tahun 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v9i2.38467
<![CDATA[North and South Korea have made various peace efforts to overcome the issue of denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. However, so far the peace efforts that have been made by the two Koreas have not been successful. This is caused by the relations between the two countries which are still marked by mutual distrust, lack of cooperation, hatred, and ideological conflict. Then, the two Koreas made peace efforts again called the Panmunjom Declaration in 2018. The main points of this declaration are a commitment to end the confrontation of the legacy of war that has been going on for a long time, to increase cooperative relations between the Koreas, and denuclearize the Korean Peninsula region. At first, the Panmunjom Declaration became a new achievement in the peace of the Korean Peninsula. Over time, the Panmunjom Declaration became ineffective in carrying out its role as a medium for creating peace and denuclearizing the region. This research will answer the question "Why is the Panmunjom Declaration ineffective in improving relations between North Korea and South Korea?". This study aims to analyze the perceptions and misperceptions that occur between the two countries using the theory of perceptions and misperceptions by Robert Jervis. This study used a qualitative research method which explained that what caused the Panmunjom Declaration to be ineffective was due to misperceptions between North Korea and South Korea. ]]>
<![CDATA[Upaya Pemulihan Pariwisata Korea Selatan dari Pandemi COVID-19 ]]>
<![CDATA[Gita Bunga Bahari]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Universitas Diponegoro Volume 9, Nomor 2, Tahun 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v9i2.38433
<![CDATA[The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the world gave impacts in all aspects of life, one of them is tourism. The enforced of social restrictions and banned on entry for foreign tourists has forced countries to face a crisis in the tourism sector, and South Korea is not an exception. South Korea, which has become a popular destination among foreign tourists along with the global Korean Wave, has to face a downturn in the tourism sector due to the COVID-19 pandemic since the number of foreign tourists has decreased drastically. This research aims to examine the efforts made by the South Korea’s government during the COVID-19 pandemic by using the concept of digital diplomacy which is an extension of the theory of public diplomacy. The result shows that the South Korean’s government actively carried out tourism promotion through social media during the COVID-19 pandemic and able to attract the international public’s attention through creative means. Through tourism promotion on social media, the South Korea’s government wants to build an image as a country with creative destinations and influence foreign tourists to make South Korea their main destination when the pandemic ends. The efforts of the South Korean government have shown positive results, but still require improvement so that South Korean tourism can quickly recover to what it was before the COVID-19 pandemic occurred.]]>
<![CDATA[GASTRODIPLOMASI: STRATEGI INDONESIA DALAM MEMBANGUN NATION BRANDING DI KANCAH INTERNASIONAL ]]>
<![CDATA[Ashabil Firdaus Al Ghafiqi]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Universitas Diponegoro Volume 9, Nomor 2, Tahun 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v9i2.38440
<![CDATA[Hal yang melatar belakangi penelitian ini adalah keadaan dunia internasional yang semakin kompleks telah menyebabkan perlu adanya improvisasi dalam berdiplomasi antar negara. Salah satu cara yang dewasa ini dapat dilakukan adalah gastrodiplomacy. Sebuah seni diplomasi yang memanfaatkan budaya kuliner negara untuk digunakan sebagai alat peningkatan citra negara (nation branding). Masalah yang muncul : Bagaimana strategi gastrodiplomasi Indonesia dalam membangun nation branding di kancah internasional? Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan mengenai potensi kuliner yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh Negara Indonesia dalam rangka meningkatkan citra negara. Selain itu, untuk menganalisis pengaplikasian strategi nation branding yang dapat dilakukan Indonesia untuk meningkatkan citra negara dengan menggunakan konsep gastrodiplomasi. Upaya menjawab permasalahan dan tujuan penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan konsep gastrodiplomasi yang kemudian diperdalam dengan menggunakan konsep nation branding dan selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan S.W.O.T. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Negara Indonesia telah menjalankan berbagai strategi yang di dalamnya mengandung unsur-unsur dari dimensi nation branding. Gatrodiplomasi sendiri dilaksanakan karena dirasa menjadi strategi yang cocok untuk mengenalkan budaya Bangsa Indonesia ke seluruh dunia. Dalam keberjalanan gastrodiplomasi, Indonesia sudah melakukan berbagai strategi gastrodiplomasi di mana terdapat unsur-unsur nation branding yang terkandung di dalam keberjalanan strategi Indonesia. Disarankan adanya penelitian-penelitian lanjutan mengenai bagaimana strategi-strategi lain dalam meningkatkan nation branding suatu negara dan bagaimana pengaruh dari nation branding itu sendiri.]]>
