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INDONESIA
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 23030623     EISSN : 24072370     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
This journal presents articles and information on research, development and applications in biomass conversion processes (thermo-chemical conversion; physico-chemical conversion and bio-chemical conversion) and equipment to produce fuels, power, heat, and value-added chemicals from biomass. A biorefinery takes advantage of the various components in biomass and their intermediates therefore maximizing the value derived from the biomass feedstock. A biorefinery could, for example, produce one or several low-volume, but high-value, chemical or nutraceutical products and a low-value, but high-volume liquid transportation fuel such as biodiesel or bioethanol (see also alcohol fuel). The high-value products increase profitability, the high-volume fuel helps meet energy needs, and the power production helps to lower energy costs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from traditional power plant facilities. Future biorefineries may play a major role in producing chemicals and materials that are traditionally produced from petroleum.
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Articles 18 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 5, No 2 (2016): December 2016 [Nationally Accredited]" : 18 Documents clear
PEMBUATAN DAN KAJIAN SIFAT-SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA, MEKANIKAL, DAN FUNGSIONAL EDIBLE FILM DARI KITOSAN UDANG WINDU SOFIA, IRWAN; Murdiningsih, Hastami; Yanti, Notma
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 2 (2016): December 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i2.6364

Abstract

This research aims to develop bioplastic as primary packaging or edible film of chitosan biopolymer derived from tiger prawn shells (Penaeus monodon), and to perform physicochemical and mechanical characteristics. An evaluation of the physicochemical properties of plastic films made from chitosan, by modifying the order of the different treatment processes, namely: a) DPMA (deproteination, demineralization, deacetylation), b) DMKA (demineralization, decoloration, and deacetylation) has conducted. The results of scanning FT-IR of the product shows that chitosan has identical spectrum compare of standard compound. Chitosan product from tiger prawn shells was the used as raw material for the manufacture of bioplastics.  Experiments variable on the manufacture of edible film is a study of the effect of the use of different plasticizers (glycerol and sorbitol) and carboxylmethylcelullose (CMC) additives to the physicochemical, mechanical characteristics, and edible film functional. The results showed that all the edible film produced has a clear coat with a thickness between 0.05 to 0.3 mm. Meanwhile, the film density is highest at the DPMA + chitosan edible film sorbitol + CMC with a value of 1.7300 g/cm3. The use of plasticizer sorbitol provides great tensile strength but not too elastic, compared to the glycerol, while an increase in the average CMC can increase tensile strength and %Elongation. The use of different plasticizers and additives CMC does not significantly affect its functional properties, where the value of WVTR (water vapor transmission rate) is relatively the same on both types of edible films, ranging from 3.2409 to 4.8858 g /hr.m2.
KINERJA ENZIM GANDA PADA PRETREATMENT MIKROALGA UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOETANOL Padil, Padil; Syamsiah, Siti; Hidayat, Muslikhin; Kasiamdari, Rina Sri
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 2 (2016): December 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i2.7564

Abstract

The use of biomass of microalgae as a feedstock to produce bioethanol is very promising, it is caused by a large amount of carbohydrates contained in microalgae physiology cell. The main obstacle of enzymatic hydrolysis in order to produce bioethanol is the bound starch granules in a rigid cell wall. Therefore, pre-treatment steps needed to remove and convert complex carbohydrates into simple sugars before the fermentation process. Tetraselmis Chuii microalgae species are green microalgae (Chlorophyta) in which the cell wall containing cellulose and hemicellulose as the main constituent, therefore, this study observe the effect of the use of cellulase enzymes and xylanase as a strategy to open up the cell walls of microalgae. Another investigated parameter is the enzyme concentration, temperature, pH, and methods of use of enzymes. The results showed that the highest yield of glucose obtained was 31.912% (w / w) and is achieved under the conditions of a temperature of 45oC, pH of 4.5, the amount of biomass of microalgae as 5 g/L, the concentration of cellulase enzymes and xilanase 30% (w / w) at 40 minute at mechanism using cellulase and xylanase enzymes simultaneously.
PEMURNIAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL MENGGUNAKAN ZEOLIT 3A SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU OBAT KULIT Suharmadi, Sri Handayani; Enjarlis, Enjarlis
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 2 (2016): December 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i2.6467

Abstract

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is the feedstock for the production of cocozone oil, a substance that can be used as a medicine for several skin problems. This work is aimed to find the best method for producing VCO with low water content which is the prerequisite to be a suitable feedstock of cocozone oil. Two methods of VCO production i.e. agitation in room temperature (30oC) and cooling at 5oC for 24 hours were compared. The amount of zeolite 3A added to 20 ml of VCO was varied on 10, 20, and 30 gram. It is found that the agitation method with 30 gram zeolite 3A can lower the water content down to 30%.
PEMBUATAN BIOADITIF TRIACETIN DENGAN KATALIS PADAT SILICA ALUMINA Aktawan, Agus; Mufrodi, Zahrul
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 2 (2016): December 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i2.8306

Abstract

Triasetin is a bioaditif to increase the octane number of the gasoline. Triasetin was generated from the reaction between giserol and acetic acid. Glycerol is a byproduct of biodiesel production. Triasetin production can reduce glycerol which is actually a waste by converting it into bioaditif having higher value. The reaction can be accelerated by addition of catalysts either solid or liquid catalyst. The reaction in this study used a solid catalyst types Silica Alumina. The reaction takes place in the three-neck flask reactor which is equipped with heating unit, mixers, and tools to take samples at regular intervals. Variables used in this research is the variety of  reaction time and the reaction temperature (70, 80, 90, 100, and 1100C). The concentration of triasetin obtained will be known through the analysis of Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of the analysis of GC or GC-MS treated or counted so getting glycerol conversion and selectivity of triasetin. The highest glycerol conversion 8,45% occurs at a temperature of 700C the reaction time of 90 minutes with triasetin selectivity 100%.
KULTIVASI SPIRULINA PLATENSIS PADA MEDIA BERNUTRISI LIMBAH CAIR TAHU DAN SINTETIK Syaichurrozi, Iqbal; Jayanudin, Jayanudin
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 2 (2016): December 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i2.7398

Abstract

This research was conducted to study the effect of various additions of synthetic nutrient into Spirulina platensis growth medium containing tofu wastewater 8%v/v. Synthetic nutrient was varied at 50, 75, 100%. Based on abservation, the OD680 (Optical Density at 680 nm) increased until in the end of cultivation time with final OD680 of 0.381, 0.392, 0.189 for variable of 50, 75, 100% respectively. Meanwhile, the growth rate value was 0.0743, 0.0759, 0.0354/day. The best protein content was obtained at nutrient synthetic of 75%, which was 91,27%. The good growth and protein content of S. platensis obtained at nutrient synthetic of 75%, which had C:N:P ratio of 128:12:1.
PARAMETER INTERAKSI BINER KESETIMBANGAN UAP-CAIR CAMPURAN ALKOHOL UNTUK OPTIMASI PROSES PEMURNIAN BIOETANOL Mustain, Asalil; Takwanto, Anang; Hartanto, Dhoni
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 2 (2016): December 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v4i2.5126

Abstract

In this work, the binary interaction parameters of vapor-liquid equilibrium for the mixtures of primary alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol or 1-butanol) with C5 alcohols were obtained. A total of 15 systems that consisted of isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium data at atmospheric pressure were selected. The binary interaction parameters were determined as temperature function by correlating the selected vapor-liquid equilibrium data using the Wilson, Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) and Universal Quasi-Chemical (UNIQUAC) activity coeffi­cient models. The binary interaction parameters were described as the temperature-dependent to increase the capability of the parameters for the application in wide range of temperature. The correlation showed good results because the root mean square devia­tion (RMSD) between the calculation values and experimental data were relatively low. The obtained parameters were very useful for optimizing the distillation column in the bio-ethanol purification process.
SINTESIS BIOADITIF GASOLINE MELALUI KETALISASI GLISEROL MENGGUNAKAN KATALISATOR PADAT Nuryoto, Nuryoto; Sulistyo, Hary; Sediawan, Wahyudi Budi; Perdana, Indra
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 2 (2016): December 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i2.7431

Abstract

Utilization of glycerol side product from biodiesel as waste management application is required for reduced   negative effect which possible emerged. Glycerol  have three bond of hydroxyde, so its  opportunity  to utilize  to be solketal as bio-additive of gasoline. Indion 225 Na ion exchanger resin is strong acid cation category and low  prices, so  its potency to use alternatively of solid catalyst to get efficient and economic process. The purpose of this research was focussed to search  of the best condition by optimalization indion 225 Na performance as catalyst in glycerol ketalization reaction, by integrated of variables that have effected to reaction for maximize glycerol coversion. To get maximize of reactants molecular interaction and for  optimalization indion 255 Na performance, observation  conducted  in the  range variables which widely enough that were  reactant ratio of 5:1-6:1 mole of acetone mole/mole of glycerol, diameter size  catalyst of  20-40 mesh, catalyst concentration of 3-5% mass of acetone, and reaction temperature of 35-65oC. Result of the research showed that  indion 225 Na catalyst have good performance, by glycerol conversion to reach of 51.89%. Glycerol conversion mentioned was obtained at reactant ratio of 6:1 mole of acetone/mole of gycerol, diameter size catalyst of  40 mesh, catalyst concentration of 4%  mass of acetone, and  reaction temperature of  65oC.
PENGARUH LAJU ALIR UDARA DAN WAKTU PROSES GASIFIKASI TERHADAP GAS PRODUCER LIMBAH TANGKAI DAUN TEMBAKAU MENGGUNAKAN GASIFIER TIPE DOWNDRAFT Suhendi, Endang; Paradise, Gilang Umar; Priandana, Idham
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 2 (2016): December 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i2.6054

Abstract

The continued development of industry and agriculture along with unutilized of industrial and agricultural wastes properly, the waste will only be garbage which can be an interference to environment. Is required to have waste treatment technologies that are effective, efficient and environmentally friendly to utilize the waste into renewable energy sources. The way of handling this waste is to use gasification technology. Gasification is a method of thermochemical conversion of solid fuels into the syngas gas fuel in the gasifier container by supplying a gasification agent such as steam, air and others. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of air flow rate and the time of gasification process for tobacco leaf stalk’s waste againts to the composition and the components of syngas. This research is conducted using a gasifier with a capacity of ± 2.5 kg. The research procedures are drying, crushing, sizing, gasification process, and analysis of gas compositions. The result of this research has proven that tobacco leaf stalk’s waste has potential to be renewable energy sources which can produce syngas using gasification process. The concentration of syngas (CO, H2 and CH4) which is the highest obtained at variation of Q = 3 m3 / h in minutes 30 with syngas concentration of 2.27% vol CH4, CO gas amounted to 7.17% vol and H2 gas amounted to 5.79 % vol.
HIDROLISIS MINYAK KELAPA DENGAN LIPASE TERIMOBILISASI ZEOLIT PADA PEMBUATAN PERISA ALAMI moentamaria, dwina; Agaian, Girlian; Ridhawati, Meilita Mustika; Chumaidi, Achmad; Hendrawati, Nanik
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 2 (2016): December 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i2.7507

Abstract

Free Fatty acid  resulting from hydrolisis of  various types of oil enzymatically has been great interest recently to save energy, in other hand  that the product are environmentally friendly.  Lipases as biocatalysts for synthesis reactions  will  be  dissolved with the product, making difficult their reuse. Efficiency can be done with the use of enzyme immobilization, which can be used for repeated reaction. The products of free fatty acids from coconut oil by hydrolysis of lipase can be used as a natural substrate for making flavor  that can be consumed and safe for health. The effect of free lipase and  immobilization of lipase on hydrolisis  were studied.   Reaction time of hydrolisis was varied as 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes. The  variation  of concentration of lipase  addition was 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 % .  The types of treatment were used in this research free lipase and the immobilized lipase. The results shows that the highest conversion on hydrolisis of coconut oil  by using free lipase treatment  was performed by 6 % of lipase addition  with reaction time 60 minutes that are 52,31%. While, the highest conversion on hydrolisis of coconut oil by using the immobilized lipase was shown  by 8% of lipase addition with reaction time 120 minutes that is 56,01%.  The results of the hydrolysis process in the form of fatty acid was used as the base material esterification process resulting ester product (natural flavor). Ester yield was produced by free lipase esterification was 28,21 and 32,14 % in immobilized  lipase  esterification.
PARAMETER INTERAKSI BINER KESETIMBANGAN UAP-CAIR CAMPURAN ALKOHOL UNTUK OPTIMASI PROSES PEMURNIAN BIOETANOL
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 2 (2016): December 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v4i2.5126

Abstract

In this work, the binary interaction parameters of vapor-liquid equilibrium for the mixtures of primary alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol or 1-butanol) with C5 alcohols were obtained. A total of 15 systems that consisted of isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium data at atmospheric pressure were selected. The binary interaction parameters were determined as temperature function by correlating the selected vapor-liquid equilibrium data using the Wilson, Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) and Universal Quasi-Chemical (UNIQUAC) activity coeffi­cient models. The binary interaction parameters were described as the temperature-dependent to increase the capability of the parameters for the application in wide range of temperature. The correlation showed good results because the root mean square devia­tion (RMSD) between the calculation values and experimental data were relatively low. The obtained parameters were very useful for optimizing the distillation column in the bio-ethanol purification process.

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