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Lentera Hukum
Published by Universitas Jember
ISSN : 23554673     EISSN : 26213710     DOI : -
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
E-Journal Lentera Hukum merupakan sarana ilmiah bagi mahasiswa untuk menyalurkan pemikiran-pemikiran ilmiah di bidang ilmu hukum. Artikel yang dikirim belum pernah dipublikasikan atau tidak dalam proses penerbitan dalam berkala ilmiah lain. E-Journal Lentera Hukum terbit tiga kali dalam setahun yaitu April, Juli, dan Desember. Diterbitkan secara elektronik atas kerjasama Fakultas Hukum dan UPT Penerbitan Universitas Jember
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Articles 193 Documents
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Legal Responsibility on Errors of the Artificial Intelligence-based Robots Viony Kresna Sumantri
Lentera Hukum Vol 6 No 2 (2019): LENTERA HUKUM
Publisher : University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/ejlh.v6i2.10154

Abstract

Modern technology is developing rapidly. One branch of industrial technology that is particularly popular at the moment is artificial intelligence (AI) that facilitates society's daily life. On smartphones, artificial intelligence can be found in map applications, personal assistants, shopping websites, and various other applications. Saudi Arabia granted an AI-based robot named Sophia citizenship, and the Shibuya Mirai robot was granted a residence permit by Japan. AI-based technology is used every day and has become a common thing in various parts of the world; however, in Indonesia, legal regulations regarding AI do not yet exist. As a result, a legal vacuum has emerged. When a loss occurs, responsibility can be borne by various parties ranging from consumers, producers, third parties (such as robot trainers or shipping couriers) to the robot itself. Which party will be determined responsible depends upon how a country positions AI. If Indonesia follows in Saudi Arabia's footsteps, then the responsibility will be borne by the AI robot as a citizen. The robot will have the right to sue and be sued, to get the same position before the law, including other rights and obligations, enjoyed by human citizens. Artificial intelligence law-making is a very complicated process and will involve many parties. How Indonesia positions AI is very crucial, particularly in the event of harm or danger caused by AI systems. Various frameworks and concepts can be used, ranging from equating artificial intelligence to living beings, such as humans, pets, or ordinary products to creating entirely new concepts for a legal framework regulating AI-based systems. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Responsibility, AI Law.
The Existence of Decision Norms of the Constitutional Court as a Source of Legislative and Executive Laws Adhitya Widya Kartika
Lentera Hukum Vol 6 No 2 (2019): LENTERA HUKUM
Publisher : University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/ejlh.v6i2.10495

Abstract

Norms are behavioral guidelines in the Indonesian legal state. Norms continue to exist in the legislation and juridical consequences of constitutional court decisions, and in particular, that of the Constitutional Court. Legal norms have principles that are applied to a wider hierarchy of legal norms and the production of legislation. In essence, the Constitutional Court's rulings have consequences on the actions of the government and therefore the action of governance. Including decision norms in the Constitutional Court's ruling has juridical consequences for the hierarchy of regulations and state legal actions in carrying out the function of government. This article aims to find out how to apply decision norms if there an identical or related decision exists within a different judicial institution. In government institutions bound by the Constitutional Court's decisions, application of decision norms resulted in chaos for the application and enforcement of the law. The implementing agency is faced with the same legal product, namely a verdict in another judicial institution. This causes no legal certainty. Rather than a solution or outcome, implementing agencies are faced with an identical legal response yet no legal certainty. The absence of legal certainty has consequences for government institutions that are bound by the Constitutional Court's decision. By utilizing a hierarchy of legal norms, the issue of rigidity and uncertainty caused by decision norms can be resolved. Likewise, in the legislature, the Constitutional Court's decision is the source of making legal norms. As the Constitutional Court’s decision is the source of legal norm production in the legislature, espousing a hierarchy of legal norms will enable laws and regulations that are formed to reflect justice, certainty and benefit. Keywords: Court Decision, Legal Norms, Government.
Warrant of Termination of Investigation (SP3) Issued Based on Peace Agreement Between Suspects and Reporters in Ordinary Offences Azizul Hakiki
Lentera Hukum Vol 6 No 2 (2019): LENTERA HUKUM
Publisher : University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/ejlh.v6i2.10501

Abstract

Warrant of Termination of Investigation (SP3 – Surat Perintah Penghentian Penyidikan) is applied as the power granted to the investigator of a criminal act. Article 109 paragraph (2) of Law No. 8 of 1981 on the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP – Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana) states that there are three requirements to stop a criminal investigation: (a) insufficient evidence; (b) the act committed by the suspect is not a criminal offence; and (c) the investigation is stopped by law. These three conditions are alternative conditions. At the implementation level, there are many cases that are terminated because they fulfill these three requirements. However, it is not uncommon for cases that have progressed to the stage of investigation be stopped as well because the suspected and the reporter reached a peace agreement through mediation facilitated by police investigators. The mediation condition will impact the ongoing investigation since the investigation should be stopped and police should revoke the report of the investigation concerned. Whereas, in this context, the status of this case is an ordinary offence status which means that the revocation of the report has no consequences with the ongoing investigation. Peace agreements impact ongoing investigations. Whereas the investigation should be stopped and police should revoke the offense report, under extant legislation, investigations maintain ordinary offence status, meaning revocation of the offense report has no effect on the ongoing investigation. The investigation cannot be stopped with any other reasons excepts those that stated in Article 109 paragraph (2). The fact that the revocation of the report of investigation leads to the termination of the ongoing investigation as evidenced by the issuance of SP3. While the issuance of SP3 enables termination of an ongoing investigation by revoking the report of investigation, investigation termination requirements explicitly state that an agreement reached through a mediation mechanism cannot provide legal grounds to issue SP3. This paper provides a normative legal analysis of the validity of investigation termination as the result of an agreement reached through a mediation mechanism. Investigations that terminated based on an agreement achieved by mediation mechanism will create space for third parties to utilize a pre-trial mechanism whose purpose is to test the validity or termination of the investigation. Keywords: Termination of Investigation, Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure.
The Perspective of Islamic Law on a Mismatched Object in Online Sales and Purchases Transactions Intan Mukarromah Mustikawati; Mardi Handono; Emi Zulaika
Lentera Hukum Vol 6 No 2 (2019): LENTERA HUKUM
Publisher : University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/ejlh.v6i2.10839

Abstract

Online transaction is a cross-personal action done by two or more parties to reach an agreement. The law of sales and purchases in Islam requires the double coincidence of wants as a measure of transaction validity. However, humans will always find the double coincidence of wants as a remote probability. Therefore, the previous Ulamas set an ijab-qabul as a symbolization of the double coincidence of wants. A qabul is an expression of the handed over of one's ownership rights to a particular party, and vice versa, as well as a sign that both of the parties have agreed on the contract (akad). Keywords: Online Transactions, Buying and Selling in Islamic Law, Object Mismatches.
The Evaluation of Surrogacy’s System in Indonesia as Comparison to India’s Legislation Mega Dewi Ambarwati; Ghina Azmita Kamila
Lentera Hukum Vol 6 No 2 (2019): LENTERA HUKUM
Publisher : University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/ejlh.v6i2.10842

Abstract

In today’s age, marriage life is can be complicated with problems like infertility. In the face of this problem, couples have used surrogacy as a potential fix. Surrogacy poses a unique problem in Indonesia, because such a concept remains culturally taboo and no legal system exists to regulate the process and the responsibilities of the surrogate mother. Thus, other countries that have created a legal infrastructure for surrogacy offer valuable paradigms and best practices. This study seeks to compare surrogacy law between Indonesia and India, with the overall goal of suggesting policies to better regulate surrogacy within the former country. This study uses comparative legal research methodology through the functional method because Indonesia and India face the same social problem of surrogacy. The result reveals that it needs a legal system on surrogacy and surrogate mother as the legal certainty for any individual especially spouse who could not have offspring along with some reasons such as minimalize prostitution and unregistered marriage, prevent dispute, and to develop scientific field. The study concludes that Indonesia requires stronger legal infrastructure for surrogacy that will not only provide legal certainty for surrogate mothers and families using surrogacy but will also minimize prostitution and unregistered marriages, mitigate domestic disputes, and catalyze scientific innovation. Keywords: Surrogate Mother, Surrogacy, Indonesia, India.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Merek Dagang Nature Republic Terhadap Pemalsuan Merek Di Indonesia Lidya Shinta Audina
Lentera Hukum Vol 3 No 3 (2016): LENTERA HUKUM
Publisher : University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/ejlh.v3i3.10861

Abstract

Legal protection against the Nature Republic trademark against brand fraud based on Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications can be carried out through brand registration as stated in Article 4, Article 5, Article 6, Article and Article 8 of the Trademark Law. while repressive legal protection is obtained through a lawsuit for the deletion and cancellation of trademark registration where the trademark owner has the right to file the deletion and cancellation of the trademark registration violation, whereby registered trademark holders have the right to bring the dispute to criminal law based on article 101, article 101, article 102 and article 103 of Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications as a complaint offense. The thing that happened in the Nature Republic brand can be said as an act of brand fraud because brand counterfeiting occurs when a fake product or a lower quality product is attached to a well-known brand. Therefore, Nature Republic brand owners request that companies that have used the Nature Republic brand without their permission to stop all production activities of goods and withdraw all of their production items that have been on the market. KEYWORDS: Legal Protection, Brand, Dispute Resolution Efforts.
A Review of Pancasila under Globalization Shofi Munawwir Effendi
Lentera Hukum Vol 6 No 3 (2019): LENTERA HUKUM
Publisher : University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/ejlh.v6i3.11090

Abstract

Pancasila dalam Pusaran Globalisasi (Pancasila under Globalization) is a book that aims to see Pancasila, Indonesia's state ideology, from a global perspective. This book suggests readers consider the role of Pancasila over the world's powers of other ideologies by presenting rare insights to discuss and bridge the understanding of continuities and changes that has existed in society. Changes include, but not limited, to social, political, economic change, and linkages with various variations of society. Those changes are massively happening in the era of globalization plus with the challenges of the government to filter it. This book is a compilation of writings from various excellent academics in their fields. Moh. Mahfud MD, foremost Indonesia's professor of law and politics, delivered the book's prologue, who critically questioned 'Is Pancasila still relevant?' in the era for which Pancasila is rarely seen to implement in public life. Given the fact that hitherto Indonesia has faced problems that have come out of the nature of Pancasila. Mahfud, in his prologue, asked the reader to reflect on the true meaning of Pancasila. In short, understanding the role of Pancasila in this globalized world, particularly as the nation's ideology, has become essential so that every Indonesian citizen will have a much more similar understanding, perception, and attitude towards Pancasila.
Inconsistent Constitutional Court Decisions Resulting in Uncertainty Regarding the Legal Dispute on Regional Head Election Results in Indonesia Saut Parulian Manurung
Lentera Hukum Vol 6 No 2 (2019): LENTERA HUKUM
Publisher : University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/ejlh.v6i2.11131

Abstract

In Indonesia, the Constitutional Court is the sole interpreter and guardian of the constitution and the decision made by this Court is expected to meet a sense of justice, utility, and legal certainty. This paper argues that there is a contradiction between two decisions ruled by the Court resulted in inconsistent constitutional interpretations. Such inconsistency can be referred to the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 072-073/PUU-II/2004 declaring the Constitutional Court to have the power to adjudicate disputes over the results of regional head elections, while on the other hand, the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 97/PUU-XI/2013 ruled this institution no longer to adjudicate disputes over the results of regional head elections by revoking Article 236C of the revised Regional Government Act No. 12/2008. In doing so, this paper analyzes the impact of such contradictory decisions on uncertainty in the legal dispute regarding regional head election results. This paper concludes that such inconsistency was caused by the application of two different approaches: the first decision applied judicial activism and the latter considered judicial restraint. Keywords: Constitutional Interpretation, Judicial Restraint, Judicial Activism.
The Iddah Period as A Reason for Cancellation of Marriage Rahayu Mulia Romadoni
Lentera Hukum Vol 6 No 2 (2019): LENTERA HUKUM
Publisher : University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/ejlh.v6i2.11253

Abstract

The iddah period is a waiting period that applies to a woman whose marriage is broken legally through a divorce or physically through the death of a husband. Any woman who has not had a prior marriage must observe the iddah period. As one of the legal conditions of marriage, failure to complete the iddah period can result in the cancellation of any secondary marriages. In this study, judges release a verdict in accordance with the laws and legislation of Indonesia, namely Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage and a compilation of Islamic law found in Al-Qur'an and Hadith. This article uses legal research based on positive laws including judicial decision. This study concluded that if a marriage is prohibited for a failure to satisfy the condition of iddah, that marriage must be canceled. This article employs statute and conceptual approaches to legal research, as well as case study methodology, with the aim of departing from the views and doctrines that develop in law in order to build a legal argument that addresses legal issues. Analyzing the Decision of the Mojokerto Religious Court Number 1365/Pdt.G/2014/PA.Mr, this study argues that prospective spouses are responsible for awareness of their prospective partners’ marriage eligibility and fulfillment of all requirements, material and formal, clearly stipulated in state and religious law. Keywords: Iddah, Islamic Law, Marriage Cancellation
The Application of the MFN Principle into 'the Over Top Companies' in Investment Activities of Indonesia Wachid Aditya Ansory; Ikarini Dani Widiyanti; Nuzulia Kumala Sari
Lentera Hukum Vol 6 No 2 (2019): LENTERA HUKUM
Publisher : University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/ejlh.v6i2.11254

Abstract

The Most-Favored-Nation (MFN) principle is one of international consensuses, especially for countries registered as members of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The principle is related to investment and international trade within the framework of economic liberalization. At its core, the MFN principle ensures equitable treatment of all parties economically active within a country. Recently, in Indonesia, the Over Top company conducted business activities without paying taxes to the government. The case of the Over Top company highlights an unfair business situation in Indonesia, enabled by the Indonesian government through a poorly established monitoring system and codification of laws. This study argues that the absence of taxation, regulation, and fraud laws for the Over Top Companies in Indonesia, and the Indonesian government is responsible for the enforcement and maintenance of tax laws and the MFN principle for all entities conducting business in the state. Keywords: MFN Principle, Over Top Companies, Investment in Indonesia.

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