The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research
The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research focuses in publishing research articles in the field of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry. The target is in exploring, investigating, and developing chemicals sources from local and/or Indonesian to increase the value. Scope of the journal is organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, and physical chemistry. Included the topic also organic chemistry natural product, theoretical and computational chemistry.
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<![CDATA[Extraction of Sodium Alginate from Sargassum sp. using Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) ]]>
<![CDATA[Ruslan Ruslan]]>;
<![CDATA[Amran Amir]]>;
<![CDATA[Agrippina Wiraningtyas]]>
<![CDATA[ The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Vol 8, No 1 (2019): Edition January-April 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Chemistry Department, The University of Brawijaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.01.420
<![CDATA[The method used in alginate extraction has been using conventional heating. Lately, Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) has been widely used to extract active compounds from natural ingredients. This study aims to extract sodium alginate from Sargassum sp. using MAE method. This research was conducted by determining the optimum power level and extraction time using a commercial microwave. Power level optimization is carried out at level 70; 80; 90 and 100, while extraction time is carried out for 15; 16; 17 and 18 minutes. The results showed that sodium alginate products were obtained at levels 70, 80, 90 and 100, respectively 0.5%; 37.13%; 23.36% and 1.2%. While sodium alginate products are obtained at variations in extraction time for 15; 16; 17 and 18 minutes were obtained respectively 27.4%; 37.13%; 26.1% and 25.76%. The characterization of sodium alginate products was carried out by analysis of water content, ash content, brightness, and viscosity in the sequence obtained by 14.43%; 14.63%; 78.62 and 95.00 cps. The results of the analysis of heavy metal content obtained that the product of sodium alginate extracted did not contain metal Pb and Hg. FTIR spectra results showed the presence of hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups at wave numbers 3448.7 cm-1 and 1620.21 cm-1; C-H bond at 2931.8 cm-1; alkene group at 2337.7 cm-1; sodium (Na) bond at 1419.61 cm-1; carbonyl group at 1095.57 cm-1 and carboxylic and ketone groups at 1033.85 cm-1. Based on the results of the characterization proving that the product obtained is a sodium alginate compound.]]>
<![CDATA[The Potential Role of Rosmarinic Acid and Sinensetin as α-Amylase Inhibitor: In Silico Study ]]>
<![CDATA[Hazna Noor Meidinna]]>;
<![CDATA[Fatchiyah Fatchiyah]]>
<![CDATA[ The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Vol 8, No 1 (2019): Edition January-April 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Chemistry Department, The University of Brawijaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.01.460
<![CDATA[The study of natural compound as α-amylase inhibitor has been a concern since the synthetic drugs for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus have several side effects. The present study was carried out to predict the ability of rosmarinic acid and sinensetin as human α-amylase inhibitor by in silico study. All of the prepared 3D structures were used in the molecular docking by using Hex 8.0.0. The visualization of the molecular interactions of those compounds with human salivary α-amylase or human pancreatic α-amylase was established in the Discovery Studio Client 4.1 software. The result of this study determined that rosmarinic acid and sinensetin bound to the A domain of human pancreatic α-amylase and human salivary α-amylase. Rosmarinic acid-human salivary α-amylase complex was observed to possess high number of hydrogen bonds compared to sinensetin-human salivary α-amylase complex. The similar result was observed in the comparison of rosmarinic acid-human pancreatic α-amylase complex and sinensetin-human pancreatic α-amylase complex. The rosmarinic acid was able to bind the Glu233 of human pancreatic α-amylase. These data suggest rosmarinic acid as a potential inhibitor of human salivary α-amylase and human pancreatic α-amylase. Further experimental evidence is needed to confirm this observation.]]>
<![CDATA[Development of Chlorpyrifos Sensor Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)-Fe3O4 as Receptor ]]>
<![CDATA[Afifah Muhimmatul Mustaghfiroh]]>;
<![CDATA[Ani Mulyasuryani]]>;
<![CDATA[Ulfa Andayani]]>
<![CDATA[ The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Vol 8, No 1 (2019): Edition January-April 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Chemistry Department, The University of Brawijaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.01.441
<![CDATA[Development of a chemical sensor to detect chlorpyrifos has been carried out using a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Fe3O4 as a membrane receptor. The MIP-Fe3O4 receptor is composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer, glutaraldehyde crosslinking reagent, citric acid catalyst, chlorpyrifos template, and Fe3O4. The MIP-Fe3O4 receptor is coated on the working surface of the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with a size of 1.5 x 3 mm2. In this study, the effect of adding concentrations of chlorpyrifos and citric acid into membrane receptor was studied. The chlorpyrifos concentrations applied were 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1% (w/w) and the concentrations of citric acid were 9.2, 16.8 and 23.3% (w/w). Sensor performance is also influenced by pH and type of electrolyte. The best sensitivity of the sensor is produced in the concentration range of 10-13 - 10-6 M at 24 mV/decade with a response time of 150 seconds.]]>
<![CDATA[Modulation of Perlecan Protein towards Chondrocyte Secretion Factors at the Articular Cartilage in Hyperglycemic Animal Model ]]>
<![CDATA[Ibrahim Njoto]]>;
<![CDATA[Fatchiyah Fatchiyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Kusworini Handono]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdurrachman Abdurrachman]]>;
<![CDATA[Djoko W. Soeatmadji]]>;
<![CDATA[Handono Kalim]]>
<![CDATA[ The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Vol 8, No 1 (2019): Edition January-April 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Chemistry Department, The University of Brawijaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.01.450
<![CDATA[High carbohydrate influences the cartilage microcellular environment and chondrocytes. Perlecan (HSPG2) conducts an essential role as chondrocytes mechano-transducer and chondrocytes secretion factors. This research aims to fulfill the research gap about hyperglycemia which influences to perlecan of articular cartilage. About twenty male rats were divided into four groups: group I (sugar-treated rats 1.00 mg/kg of BW), group II (sugar-treated rats 1.5 mg/kg of BW), group III (2.00 mg/kg of BW), and control. The Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection (ACLT) used to generate an unstable joint to be osteoarthritis condition at the right knee. Then, sugar was administrated for two months. Level expression of the protein was analyzed using Western Blotting. The result showed that perlecan expression was decreased within all sugar-treated rats group as compared to control. The IGF-1 expression was decreased, whereas TGF-β was slightly increased within all treatment groups. Moreover, the expression of FGF-2 was higher in all treatment groups. Of note, IL-1β expression was only elevated in group II and III. The interaction of perlecan to the chondrocyte secretion factors was determined by the cartilage condition within hyperglycemia.]]>
<![CDATA[Computational Studies of Some Hydrazone Derivatives as Antibacterial Agent: DFT and Docking Methods ]]>
<![CDATA[Abel Oyebamiji]]>;
<![CDATA[B. Benjamin Adeleke]]>;
<![CDATA[Ajibade Adejoro]]>;
<![CDATA[Oyedeji Folashade]]>
<![CDATA[ The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Vol 8, No 1 (2019): Edition January-April 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Chemistry Department, The University of Brawijaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.1.433
<![CDATA[Quantum chemical calculations through density functional theory and docking study were carried out on a set of seven hydrazones and S. aureus cell line (4b19) so as to observe their inhibitory abilities of hydrazones. Many parameters which describe the anti-S. aureus were evaluated. All the compounds under study were docked against S. aureus cell line as receptors and the resulting binding energies reflected the extent of their binding affinities. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of formaldehyde showed the highest binding affinity.]]>
<![CDATA[The Bioavailability and Risk Potential of Copper and Zinc of Soil as An Indicator Heavy Metals Contamination in The Aquatic System in Sumber Nyolo, Karangploso, East Java ]]>
<![CDATA[Rifnida Azmi Fitratian]]>;
<![CDATA[Barlah Rumhayati]]>;
<![CDATA[Andi Kurniawan]]>
<![CDATA[ The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Vol 8, No 1 (2019): Edition January-April 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Chemistry Department, The University of Brawijaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.01.442
<![CDATA[The bioavailability potential of heavy metals in the soil can be used as an indicator of heavy metals pollution in an aquatic system. This research were aimed to determine the distribution of geochemical fractions of copper and zinc in the soil, and to determine the potential risk of soil to the contamination of copper and zinc in Sumber Nyolo aquatic system. Soil samples were collected from five sites at the upper and downstream of the Sumber Nyolo by using grab sampling. Samples were pretreated before metals analysis. Geochemical fractions of copper and zinc was extracted using the Community Bereau of Reference (BCR) modified technique and followed by copper and zinc analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results showed that copper was found dominantly as oxidisable fraction (F3) at 19.11 ± 11.8 mg/kg (25 ± 15.5%), while zinc was found as oxidisable fraction (F3) at 228.4 ± 283.5 mg/kg (34 ± 34.7%). As the first fraction (F1) that is referred as the bioavailable fraction, copper (13 ± 12.7%) was more potentially released from soil to water body than zinc (4 ± 5.1%), so copper was more bioavailable. Based on correlation with physical-chemical properties of soil, copper will be released when there is increasing of soil redox potential, increasing of cation exchange capacity and changes of pH to acid condition. Furthermore, the Risk Assessment Code (RAC) value for copper and zinc in soil from Sumber Nyolo were 0.13% and 0.04%, respectively. This indicated that soil in Sumber Nyolo has no harmful for copper and zinc contamination in the aquatic system. In conclusion, by understanding the distribution of geochemical fractions of copper and zinc in soil and soil potential risk, it can be predicted the potentially contamination of copper and zinc in the aquatic system which is interacted with the soil.]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of Dilution and Electrolysis Time on Recovery of Mg2+ As Mg(OH)2 from Bittern by Electrochemical Method ]]>
<![CDATA[Hanif Amrulloh]]>;
<![CDATA[Wasinton Simanjutak]]>;
<![CDATA[Rudy Tahan Mangapul Situmeang]]>;
<![CDATA[Sophia Lasma Sagala]]>;
<![CDATA[Rikha Bramawanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Ridho Nahrowi]]>
<![CDATA[ The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Vol 8, No 1 (2019): Edition January-April 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Chemistry Department, The University of Brawijaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.01.455
<![CDATA[This research was conducted to study the effect of dilution and electrolysis time on therecovery of Mg2+as Mg(OH)2from bittern by electrochemical method. The electrochemical process was carried out using 2-compartment electrochemical cell, connected by salt bridge prepared from NaCl suspended in gelatin. The experiment was carried out using nickel as cathode and carbon as an anode. The electrolysis process was carried out at a potential of 18 volts with dilution factors of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 times, and electrolysis time of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours. The results show that percent of conversion increased with dilution with the best result was obtained at 4x dilution factor and 4 hours electrolysis time with percent conversion of 85 % and purity of Mg(OH)291%]]>
<![CDATA[Effects of Oral and Topical Application of Centella asiatica Extracts on The UVB-Induced Photoaging of Hairless Rats ]]>
<![CDATA[Yeny Diah Rahmawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Aulanni’am Aulanni’am]]>;
<![CDATA[Sasangka Prasetyawan]]>
<![CDATA[ The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Vol 8, No 1 (2019): Edition January-April 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Chemistry Department, The University of Brawijaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.01.430
<![CDATA[Chronic exposure to UVB irradiation can caused premature skin aging (photoaging), as it can trigger the production of ROS and initiate both oxidative stress in cell membrane and affect the molecular pathway. This paper figured out the potential of oral and topical administration of C. asiatica extract on hairless rats skin tissue exposed by UVB based on expression of TGF-β1, MMP-1 and MDA dermis. A total of 30 male-hairless rats (Rattus novergicus) divided into 6 experimental groups, exposed by UVB with total dose 840 mJ/cm2 for four weeks. Topical gel therapy administered twice a day, 20 minutes before and 4 hours after irradiation. Oral therapy administered once a day before irradiation. Expression of TGF-β1, MMP-1 and MDA dermis observed by immunohistochemistry. The result showed that oral and topical therapy of C. asiatica extract was capable of inhibiting the increase of MMP-1 and MDA expression and the decrease of TGF- β1 significantly (p<0.05) in the dermal fibroblast of Wistar rat that exposed UVB light.]]>
<![CDATA[Optimization of Flow Injection (FI) – Spectrophotometry for Hydroquinone Analysis ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Iqbal Fahmi]]>;
<![CDATA[Hermin Sulistyarti]]>;
<![CDATA[Ani Mulyasuryani]]>;
<![CDATA[Adam Wiryawan]]>
<![CDATA[ The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Vol 8, No 1 (2019): Edition January-April 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Chemistry Department, The University of Brawijaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.01.445
<![CDATA[Hydroquinone is one of the phenolic compounds used in various cosmetic products for skin lightening as it can inhibit tyrosinase enzyme in producing melanin. However, hydroquinone is classified as a toxic compound, therefore, several countries such as Africa, Canada, and Indonesia prohibits hydroquinone usage in cosmetics. This research was focused on the development of a method for hydroquinone analysis using flow injection (FI) combined with spectrophotometry based on the reaction of hydroquinone with phloroglucinol in alkaline condition producing orange complex detected at 493 nm. The FI method was optimized based on operational factors and chemical factors in order to achieve sensitivity. The maximum sensitivity of FI method was achieved under operational condition of 100 μL sample volume, 100 cm mixing coil 1, 50 cm mixing coil 2 and 2.8 mL/min with the chemical condition of 0.005 mol/L NaOH and 0.001 mol/L phloroglucinol. Under these optimum conditions, the proposed method showed linearity in the range concentration of 2 – 80 mg/L and the method was applied to cosmetic sample with acceptable recovery]]>
<![CDATA[Carboxymethyl Chitosan as A Homemade Sausage Preservative ]]>
<![CDATA[Mardiyah Kurniasih]]>;
<![CDATA[Purwati Purwati]]>;
<![CDATA[Ratna Stia Dewi]]>;
<![CDATA[Dadan Hermawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Eva Vaulina]]>
<![CDATA[ The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Vol 8, No 1 (2019): Edition January-April 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Chemistry Department, The University of Brawijaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.01.499
<![CDATA[Carboxymethyl chitosan has antimicrobial activity. The solubility of carboxymethyl chitosan makes it easy to apply as a food preservative. Sausage is a processed product of meat, and it is classifiedas perishable food. The purpose of this study was to synthesize carboxymethyl chitosan, investigate the microbiological quality and shelf-life of homemade sausage treated with carboxymethyl chitosan. Carboxymethyl chitosan was obtainedthrough the process of carboxymethylation of alkaline chitosan with monochloroacetic acid. Chitosan in the study was synthesizedfrom shrimp skin. Sausages treated with carboxymethyl chitosan then measured water content, ash content, TPC (Total Plate Count) and organoleptic values for four consecutive days. The results showed that carboxymethyl chitosan couldextend the shelf life of sausages both stored at room temperature or cold temperatures.]]>
