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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 19 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 21 No 1, 2010" : 19 Documents clear

Identification of physical interaction between trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole by contact method kofler and crystallization reaction Zaini, Erizal
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 21 No 1, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Identification of solid state interaction between TMP and SMZ by hot contact method Kofler and crystallization reaction had been carried out. The results of hot contact method Kofler shown formation a new crystalline habit as long and thin needle shaped on contact zone (mixing zone) between Solid TMP and SMZ. It had a different melting point in compared to its single component. Crystallization reaction between two of supersaturated solution of component TMP and SMZ in methanol solvent also indicated the growth of crystal habit as similar asÂ hot contact method Kofler. Solid state interaction between TMP and SMZ was confirmed by microscopic SEM, powder X-ray diffraction, and thermal DSC. Microscopic analysis by SEM showed significantly the change of habit and morphology ofÂ crystal as long and thin needle shaped. New powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) interferences peaks were observed in addition to PXRD interference peaks of each component that proved formation of cocrystalline phase. Thermogram DSC indicated a newÂ endothermic peak corresponding to melting point of a new cocrystalline phase at temperature 178,82 Â°C.Key words : trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, physical interaction, cocrystalline phase

Brand extensions’ influence on brand image : empirical study on Bodrex’s brand M. Rifqi Rokhman
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 1, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Bodrex’s manufacturer is attempting to use Bodrex brand success to enter flu and cough medicine category by releasing Bodrex Flu dan Batuk. The launching of Bodrex Flu dan Batuk will affect Bodrex’s brand image. The objective of this research is to examine the influence of Bodrex Flu dan Batuk on Bodrex’s brand image. This research was conducted in Yogyakarta using purposive sampling method on respondents that have been using Bodrex for 6 months. Data were collected by using questionnaire with Likert scale that measured initial brand image, category fit, image fit, consumers’ attitude towards brand extension, innovativeness, and final brand image. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) application was used to analyse data. Research result showed that brand extension has its effect on Bodrex’s brand image, in which its final brand image was affected significantly by consumers’ attitude towards brand extension (t-value = 4.88) and initial brand image (t-value = 15.14). However, initial brand image (standardized solution = 0,88) has a larger role in final brand image formation than consumers’ attitude towards brand extension (standardized solution = 0.15). Consumers’ attitude towards Bodrex’s brand extension affected significantly by image fit (t-value = 5.29), category fit (t-value = 1.99) and insignificantly by initial brand image (t-value = 0.49). The result also showed that innovativeness significantly (t-value = -2.79) moderates category fit relation with consumers attitude towards brand extension.Key words: brand extension, brand image, Bodrex, innovativeness

Production of artemisinin in shoot cultures of Artemisia cina irradiated callus Aryanti Aryanti
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 1, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Artemisinin is an antimalaria agent that is only found in Artemisia sp. medicinal plant. This compound is occurred at very low level in that plant. Irradiated callus of Artemisia cina have been conducted by the dose of 40 Gy to improve artemisinin content in shoot cultures. Regeneration of irradiated callus to shoot cultures formation has been successful in Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium combined with Naphtalene Acetic Acid (NAA) 1 mg/g, Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP) 2 mg/L and 15 % coconut water. Ten mutant lines of shoot cultures have been analyzed for the artemisinin content. The artemisinin content of mutant lines were higher than the original plant. The highest artemisinin content is 5 mg/g found in mutant line number 404, this line also has wider leaf area than original plant.Key word : artemisinin, Artemisia cina, shoot cultures, irradiated callus

Freeze drying and calcining hydrotalcite for improving acid neutralizing capacity Azhary, Deny Puriyani
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 1, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) is one of the important factor on effectivity determination of antacid dosage forms. Antacid dosage forms have different values depend on their ANC. The objective of this research was to modified physical and chemical properties of hydrotalcite which can increase its acid neutralization capacity. Hydrotalcite was treated by freeze drying and calcination at different temperature 100, 200, 300, and 500°C. This hydrotalcite was characterized by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM); and was determined acid neutralization capacity. The results showed that acid neutralization capacity of hydrotalcite increased after it was freeze dried and calcined at 200, 300 and 500 °C. The result of XRD for the hydrotalcite calcined at 200 °C have showed the lower intensity of peaks, whereas the calcination at 300 and 500 °C were disappeared and appeared new peaks at different 2θ.Key words: Acid neutralization capacity, hydrotalcite, calcination, XRD, SEM

Bioaccumulation of poly-aromatic hydrocarbons in plankton, algae and fish in south sea waters in Jogjakarta Lukitaningsih, Endang
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 1, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

As a pollutant, the presence of Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in the environment must be always monitored, because of their ability to spread widely through the food chain and also their carsinogenic properties. The solubility of PAH in water is very low, therefore it is difficult to analyze their presence in water environment by using water as a sample. By utilizing the phenomenon of the accumulation of PAH in biolipids, the analysis method has been developed using bioindicators. In this research, the concentration of four kinds of PAH (pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(k)fluoranthene and perylene) in several samples (water, plankton, algae and fish) that collected from the south sea Jogjakarta has been determined. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of PAH in each sample has been calculated and the results were from 4498 to 432754; 2552 to 49265; 14156 to 730991, respectively for plankton, algae and fish. Based on the BAF values, plankton can be used as a bioindicator for short term PAH monitoring, while the Upeneus moluccensis fish primarily gills organ can be used as a bioindicator for medium term (months) PAH monitoring.Key words : poly aromatic hydrocarbons, bioaccumulation factor, bioindicator, Upeneus moluccensis

Hesperidin increase cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin in MCF-7 cells Adam Hermawan
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 1, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Hesperidin, a flavonoid, shows strong cytotoxic effect in several cancer cell lines. The aim of this research was to investigate cytotoxic activities of hesperidin alone and in combination with doxorubicin. Cell viability assay of hesperidin, doxorubicin, and combination treatments were carried out by using MTT assay. Apoptosis assay was done using double staining method using Ethidium Bromide-Acridine Orange. Hesperidin did not show cytotoxic effect but doxorubicin showed cytotoxic effect with IC50 467 nM. Hesperidin (5, 50 and 100 µM) increased cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin compared with doxorubicin alone. The strongest cytotoxic activity was showed by the combination of 200 nM doxorubicin and 100 µM hesperidin. Combination treatment of doxorubicin 200 nM and hesperidin 100 µM induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Hesperidin is potentially to be developed as co-chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer, while molecular mechanism need to be explored. Key words: Hesperidin, doxorubicin, synergism, MCF-7, apoptosis

The influence of mfp-implant on tissue pertinent changes of wistar rattus-rattus Widjijono Widjijono
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 1, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Fluoride for caries prevention if consumes for a long period, it is sometimes made bored. Normally, fluoride intake is uncontrolled and cause fluorosis. Alternatively, implant fluor becomes the controlled method. Te study was aimed to determine the influence of MFP-implant on tissue pertinent changes of Wistar Rattus-rattus. The research subjects were Rattus-rattus mother of 20 rats (2 days pregnant). Twenty rats were divided into 4 groups, namely control (K), implant P1, implant P2 and implant P3. Subcutaneous implantation was done on rat back. On the 8th day, euthanasia was done. Excission was done surround the implant tissue, then blocked and fixed by formalin buffer. The specimen was cut along the implant tissue were examined by light microscope. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistic. The result showed that the incision was cured on the 5th – 7th day. Tissue pertinent changes determination showed that there was lipid cell infiltration and relatively thicker of tissue on implant P3 and. there was not any inflammation cell infiltrated and fibrous tissue. In conclusion, the infiltration of lipid cell on implant P3. The implant P2 was fulfilled the requirement of implant devices.Key words : MFP-implant, pertinent changes, rat

Pharmacokinetic profile of carbamazepine and its metabolites on Javanese and Chinese ethnics in Indonesia Mulyadi Mulyadi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 1, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an anticonvulsant widely used for epilepsy treatment. However, it is difficult to establish suitable dosage regimens for this drug because of the variation on its pharmacokinetics profiles. A lot of evidences indicate that ethnic differences may affect pharmacokinetics and hence dosage requirements. The study was conducted to document pharmacokinetic profile of CBZ and its metabolites on Javanese and Chinese ethnics in Indonesia. The study was carried out in 26 Javanese and 24 Chinese ethnics healthy volunteers, Blood samples were collected serially. Carbamazepine and its metabolites was assayed by HPLC. The results showed that no significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters were observed between both ethnics. The values of AUC0-~, Cmax, Tmax, and t1/2 CBZ on Javanese ethnic are 652.44 ± 254.79 µg/mL.h, 8.93 ± 3.58 µg/mL, 11.53 ± 2.16 h, and 43.70 ± 12.50 h respectively, while on Chinese ethnic are 830.27 ± 809.57 µg/mL.h, 13.29 ± 17.46 µg/mL, 9.97 ± 2,90 h, and 41.27 ± 13.50 h, respectively. However, a significant interindividual variation in CBZ metabolism was observed in both ethnics as shown in its large variation in metabolic ratio. The metabolic 10,11-epoxide CBZ and trans-10,11 CBZ concentration ratio on Javanese ethnic are 0.07 ± 0.03 and 0.13 ± 0.14, while on Chinese ethnic are 0.35 ± 0.99 and 0.14 ± 0.11. It can be concluded, that the pharmacokinetic of CBZ and its metabolites on Javenes ethnic is not different compared to Chinese ethnic. In addition, there is a significant interindividual variation in pharmacokinetics profile on both ethnics. Key words : Carbamazepine, Javanese, Chinese, pharmacokinetics, epilepsy

Toxicity effect of Centella asiatica Linn. extract on mice (Mus musculus) organ and tissue Praptiwi Praptiwi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 1, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Toxicity test of Centella asiatica Linn. water extract had been carried out. Extract were administered via oral, single and daily doses in mice (Mus musculus). The effect of extract on organs and tissue were evaluated by observing the pathology anatomy of heart, liver and kidney and also LD50 value. The influences of acute and sub-chronic toxicity on morpho-anatomy organs and histo-pathology tissue were in accordance with LD50 experiment. The results of morpho-anatomy showed that all organs were still in normal condition at low dose treatment, but stain and white spots appeared on liver, black spot on heart and white spots on kidney at higher dose. Histo-pathology indicated that low dose administration of extract resulted that, all of tissue observed were in good and normal condition, but at higher dose resulted injure of muscle fibres and also injure of nucleus cells of heart tissue also the colour of liver tissue was brick red and white stain manifestation (because the damaged of cells and accumulation of leucocytes). Degeneration and congestive sinus occurred in liver tissue, while necrosis and protein degeneration formed in kidney because of glomerulus membrane damaged. LD50 of Centella extractvwas 13.6 g/kg. This dose indicated that Centella extract is slightly toxic (5 - 15 g/kg), so that it is suggested that if it was used in phyto-therapy had to be under supervision of an expert or specialist and administered in low dose and short period. Keywords : Centella asiatica Linn; extract; acute and subchronic toxicity; anatomy pathology

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