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Sport and Fitness Journal
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
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Articles 273 Documents
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The IMMUNOMODULATORY  EFFECT OF ENDURANCE EXERCISE (EE) AND RESISTANCE EXERCISE (RE) THROUGH THE KYNURENINE PATHWAY IN HEALTHY AND CANCER SUBJECT Sienny Muliaty Sumali; Marta Wangsadinata Wong; Ireene Hillary Artauli Sinurat; Indira Vidiari Juhanna; I Putu Adiartha Griadhi
Sport and Fitness Journal Vol 11 No 2 (2023): Volume 11, No.2, May 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Fisiologi Keolahragaan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Kynurenine pathway is a process that breaks down tryptophan, an amino acid found in many foods. One of the products of this pathway is kynurenine, which has been shown to affect the immune system.Acute and resistance exercise can alter the kynurenine pathway and enhance immune function by modifying immune cell mediators. Methods: This systematic review analyzed the effects of acute and resistance exercise on the kynurenine pathway and immune system. The study collected information through a computerized publication database search using specific text words and MeSH-Terms, limited to original articles published in English between 2016-2021. Results: From 10 clinical trials were summarized Exercise influences the kynurenine pathway and immune system, according to three studies acute and chronic endurance training in healthy patients resulted in higher kyn clearance and lower kyn levels. And two studies through a reduction in kyn levels and a downregulation of the kynurenine tryptophan ratio, cancer patients can modify their immune systems. Meanwhile one study had no effect on kyn levels in depressed patients who had undergone both short-term and long-term endurance and strength training. One study had increased their levels of kyn and their kyn:trp ratio. One study examined the short-term impacts of resistance and endurance training found that both types of exercise increased the expression of increase in CD3+ lymphocytes after both EE and RE and an increase in PD-1+ CD8+ T-cells after EE. Proportions of T-cell populations changed only after EE but without explicitly examining metabolites of the kynurenine pathway. Conclusion: By changing immune cell mediators, endurance exercise (EE) and resistance exercise (RE) can affect the kynurenine pathway and improve immunological function. Exercise therapies can result in cancer patients having lower levels of kynurenine and higher levels of tryptophan and kynurenic acid, both of which are linked to enhanced immune function and decreased inflammation. According to this research, exercise can be a non-pharmacological intervention to improve immune function and possibly prevent chronic illnesses linked to inflammation and immunological dysfunction. Keywords : physical activity, Exercise,aging, immunosenescence, innate immune system, adaptive immune system
CARDIOMYOCYTE CELLULAR REGULATION ON EXERCISE Indira Vidiari
Sport and Fitness Journal Vol 11 No 2 (2023): Volume 11, No.2, May 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Fisiologi Keolahragaan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana

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ABSTRACT 85% of deaths from cardiovascular disease are caused by CHD. More than 75% of deaths from cardiovascular disease occur in low- and middle-income countries. Myocardial injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is a serious clinical problem. Reperfusion injury can cause damage or death to the myocardium and coronary vessel endothelium. Therefore it is necessary to develop a strategy in the field of cardiac regeneration, both for the prevention and curative of cardiovascular disease. Cellular reprogramming occurs in cardiomyocytes in response to physical exercise. Cardiomyocytes keep up with increased demand, reflecting that there is optimal energy potential and reserve capacity. It is often referred to as the ''athlete's heart''. Cardiac remodeling in response to chronic exercise to match the increased workload is by increasing heart size, in the absence of cardiomyocyte proliferation. This physiological growth is accompanied by an increase in energy production capacity, especially in mitochondria. Normal hypertrophic growth is characterized by normal contractile function at rest. This is in contrast to the pathological growth produced by prolonged hypertension or ischemic heart disease, in which contractile function and metabolic energy production are decreased. At the cellular and molecular level, it is clear that the activation of signaling pathways and the resulting transcriptional response different between physiological and pathological cardiac growth.
THE EFFECT OF RESISTANCE TRAINING ON TRABECULAR BONE SCORE Lia Arista Wijaya; Clarin Hayes; Indira Juhanna; Adiartha Griadhi
Sport and Fitness Journal Vol 11 No 2 (2023): Volume 11, No.2, May 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Fisiologi Keolahragaan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana

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Abstract

Osteoporosis is one of the many signs of aging. Physical activities has been known as the best non-pharmacology treatment for osteoporosis as resistance training can stimulate and maintain bone gain. Bone mineral density (BMD) is usually used as the parameter to evaluate bone quality since BMD is used for osteoporosis diagnosis. But, trabecular bone score (TBS) is a far more superior parameter in evaluating bone quality. Regrettably, there is a scarcity of research on this topic, as the majority of studies utilize BMD as the parameter for assessing bone quality. This literature review aims to provide data about the effect of resistance training on TBS for better early prediction and prevention of morbidity and mortality caused by osteoporosis-related fractures. The study searches for articles published in the last 10 years in English or French discussing resistance training and TBS. Five studies are included, which consist of 3 experimental studies and 2 case-control studies. The results suggest that resistance training can stimulate and maintain bone gain, which is superior to non-weight-bearing exercise. TBS has been found to be a more accurate predictor of fracture risk compared to BMD alone. Overall, the literature review suggests that resistance training may improve TBS and prevent osteoporosis-related fractures. Based on Frost's mechanostat theory, bone mechanical properties can be significantly enhanced through high strain generated during physical activity. Nevertheless, the bone's adaptive response to resistance exercise is typically specific to the trained site, which means that only the region exercised will exhibit greater bone mineral density.

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