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Mattering, social support, resilience and sense of empowerment during the pandemic Grace Jee Ern Nga; Daryl Kurian; Kususanto Ditto Prihadi; Abdul Aziz
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 11, No 2: June 2022
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v11i2.21372

The sense of empowerment had always been reported as contingent upon resilience, the sense of financial security, and perceived social support (PSS). In the context of the Malaysian urban population, the outbreak shifted social dynamics through the enforcement of movement control order (MCO), a partial-to-full lockdown policy enforced by the government to curb the virus. Studies in the local context suggested that the implementation of MCO led to a sense of uncertainty towards social support and financial security among the population, as well as the decline of resilience and the sense of mattering. This sparked a question, whether the significance of PSS, resilience, mattering, and income levels are still significant in predicting the sense of empowerment among our population. Through open social media pages, 405 adults between 18 and 62 years of age (M=25.44) living in urban areas of Malaysia to respond to the scales of empowerment, resilience, PSS, and mattering with some financial compensation in the form of e-wallet credits. Our findings suggested that PSS was no longer a significant predictor of empowerment after controlling for resilience, mattering, and income, which was opposed to other predictors in the equation that were still significant even after controlling for each other. Further relationships among the variables, implications and suggestions are discussed.

Social support and psychological wellbeing among urbanites during the pandemic: mattering and life satisfaction Jun Kit Tan; Kususanto Ditto Prihadi; Prakrisno Satrio
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 11, No 2: June 2022
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v11i2.21417

The change of social interaction pattern amidst the implementation of social distancing policies during the pandemic had altered the way individuals evaluated themselves and their social environment, including the way they develop perceived social support (PSS) that would lead to another change in the way they develop their satisfaction with life (SWL). This might have affected the development of their psychological wellbeing (PWB), which is highly contingent upon psychosocial constructs. Another variable that might alter the formation of PWB is the sense that we matter to others (Mattering), which was also altered by the limitation of in-person interactions. We purposively recruited 403 Malaysian urban adults affected by the social distancing policies by having to study or work from home, to respond to our survey in order to test the hypothesis that the SWL would fully mediate the association between PSS and PWB among individuals with higher levels of mattering. The results of the bootstrap analysis with 5,000 samples and 95% confident interval supported our hypothesis, with a caveat that the mediation of SWL also occurred among individuals with moderate levels of mattering. PSS was still a significant predictor of PWB when controlling for mattering and SWL, which indicated that the mediation of SWL was only partially occurred.

Anxiety and depression among university students during the lockdown: their protective and risk factors Kususanto Ditto Prihadi; Sheng Yee Wan; Valerie Yen Yee Lee; Hairul Nizam Ismail
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 11, No 1: March 2022
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v11i1.21245

Anxiety and depression among university students were reported to be increased during the outbreak of CoVid-19. Various studies indicated that the phenomenon was triggered by the sudden enforcement of the studying-from-home (SFH) policy. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the students’ online learning efficacy (OLE) predicted the upsurge of the two mental health issues. However, SFH also elevated the students’ inclination towards social media (SM), and it brought further changes in some socio-psychological factors. We recruited 435 university students to respond to demographic items and the scales to measure factors such as perceived social support (PSS), societal mattering, and fear of missing out (FOMO) to test the hypothesis that OLE would no longer be a significant predictor of anxiety and depression when all the aforementioned variables are controlled for. The results of the hierarchical regression analyses supported our hypothesis on anxiety, while in predicting depression, OLE was still significant after controlling for the rest of the predictors. Societal mattering was the strongest protective factor against depression, whereas FOMO was the strongest risk factor of anxiety. Implications, limitations, and suggestions are discussed.

Resilience during the Lockdown: Insignificance of Perceived Social Support Sheng Yee Wan; Cherilyn Nicole Rhui Yen Yeo; Shi Qi Foo; Kususanto Ditto Prihadi
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 11, No 4: December 2022
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v11i4.21924

Pre-pandemic studies had established that human resilience is mainly based on the social feedback that enables the formation of one’s perceived social support. In the Malaysian context, the enforcement of the movement control order (MCO) amidst the pandemic altered the social interaction pattern. The shift had involved more dependence on online communication (i.e., social media). Therefore, the way perceived social support (PSS) plays its role in predicting resilience could have been affected. Due to the reason mentioned above and the reports that Malaysians tend to increase their levels of spirituality during the MCO, we hypothesized that the sense of being empowered fully mediates the contribution of PSS on resilience while moderated by the levels of spirituality. Four hundred and five adults who reside in Malaysia during the MCO 2 were recruited to respond to scales of perceived social support, spirituality, empowerment, and resilience through the online survey. Our results suggested that the sense of empowerment significantly and fully mediated the relationship between PSS and resilience among individuals with low and moderate levels of spirituality. Scope, limitations, implications, and suggestions were also discussed at the end of this paper.

Students’ societal mattering as a protective factor against depression and suicidal thoughts Sheng Yee Wan; Kususanto Ditto Prihadi; Prakrisno Satrio
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 11, No 3: September 2022
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v11i3.21490

Suicide ideation or suicidal thought has been reported to be one of the major mental wellbeing issues among university students following the increase of the depressive symptoms. The implication of social distancing in the form of lockdown did not help to reduce the aforementioned cases. While we know that reducing depressive symptoms among university students might be almost impossible to be done without any drastic change to the educational system, we would like to investigate whether the sense of mattering to the university might moderate the development of suicide ideation when the students have developed depressive symptoms. We recruited 435 university students and had they voluntarily responded to the Beck’s depression inventory, satisfaction with life scale, societal mattering scale, and the suicidal ideation attributes scale. The data was analyzed by bias-free bootstrap analysis with 5,000 samplings and 95% confidence interval in PROCESS Macro model 59 and model 1, and the results reported that high university mattering levels might moderate the link between depression symptoms and suicide ideation through life satisfaction. In other words, in the situation where the students were locked-down, the chance of develop depression and the idea to end their own life tend to be higher. However, the more they believe that they matter to their university as a society, the less they will develop depression symptoms and the suicide ideation.

Satisfaction with life during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of affect balance and self-concept clarity Qing Erh Sow; Kususanto Ditto Prihadi; Ida Kusnawati Tjahjani
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 11, No 3: September 2022
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v11i3.21681

As one significant indicator of mental wellbeing, satisfaction with life plays important roles in the society and among individuals. Nevertheless, studies have stated that the formation of life satisfaction was different between before and during the pandemic. Among most people, the differences were caused by the implication of social distancing protocols, where people were not fully connected to one another without the help of electronic media; therefore, some of their social roles were altered or became less meaningful. Such changes affected the clarity of how individuals see themselves, as well as the balance of their negative and positive emotional experiences (affect balance). We hypothesized that self-concept clarity predicts life satisfaction through affect balance. We collected our data from 139 Malaysian adults aged between 18 to 60 years through various social media platforms to complete the self-concept clarity scale (SCCS), satisfaction with life scale (SWLS), and scale of positive and negative experience (SPANE). Results of the bootstrap analysis with a 95% confidence interval indicated that the affect balance partially mediated the relationship between self-concept clarity and life satisfaction.

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