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All Journal ACTA VETERINARIA INDONESIANA Microbiology Indonesia BERITA BIOLOGI
Sugiyono Saputra
Indonesian Institute of Sciences
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Veterinary

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Rapid Survey for Population, Commercial Trade of Small-Clawed Otter (Aonyx cinereus Illiger, 1815) in Java and Preliminary Assessment of Potential Bacterial Zoonoses Endah Dwijayanti; Nurul Inayah; Wartika Rosa Farida; Eko Sulistiyadi; Sugiyono Saputra
Acta VETERINARIA Indonesiana 2021: Special Issues
Publisher : IPB University

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Abstract

Small-clawed Otter (Aonyx cinereus) is the smallest Indonesian otter species commonly traded as a pet. This species is listed in CITES appendix I and is still not protected in Indonesia. This study investigates the species' illegal trade in the local market and assesses potential bacterial zoonoses transmitted to pet buyers. In general, we did not find A. cinereus trade in a traditional market in both East Java and Central Java. This fact is inversely proportional to the high online transaction. A rapid survey on the potential habitat of Small-clawed Otter in Central Java shows that suitable habitat is available, and we found many field signs (feces, traces, and nest) of Small-clawed Otter. The preliminary assessment on potential bacterial zoonoses conducted by isolating bacteria from anus, mouth and skin in selective medium for Enterobacteriaceae. Molecular identification using 16S rRNA showed that several species of bacteria such as Citrobacter freundii (n=3), Proteus alimentorum (n=2) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=1) were commonly observed. Based on this research, further study is still needed. We suggest that illegal trade need monitoring to reduce harvesting activities in the wild, and the biological risk of capturing and owning Small-clawed Otter as a pet.
AKTIVITAS XILANASE DARI Bacillus altitudinis YANG DIPRODUKSI DENGAN VARIASI WAKTU INKUBASI DAN KONDISI PENGUJIAN pH NETRAL DAN ALKALIN Sugiyono Saputra; Alida Hanoum; Mulyadi Mulyadi; Achmad Dinoto
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 21, No 2 (2022): Berita Biologi
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i2.4310

Abstract

Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes which randomly cleave the β-1,4 backbone of the complex plant cell wall polysaccharide xylan. In this study, we investigate the extracellular enzyme activity of three strains of Bacillus altitudinis which produced with various production times in neutral (pH 7) and alkaline (pH 9) conditions. Crude enzyme was obtained from inoculated production medium containing 2% w/v xylan after six different time of incubations, including 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours.  The stationary phase of those three strains was observed after 72 hours of incubation, in accordance with significant increase of xylanase activity both in neutral and alkaline assay conditions. However, the highest of xylanase activity was obtained after 92 hours of incubation, in all three bacterial strains tested. A thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed, and it confirmed that the crudes enzymes was able to breakdown the xylan into oligosaccharides. A higher activity of xylanase was obtained in alkaline condition but not significantly different between those two conditions. B. altitudinis KBX08 has the highest xylanase activity (46.9U/ml) which produced after 96 hours of incubation, indicating their potential for further development as xylanase producer. 
Potential Zoonotic Faecal Bacteria from Sunda Porcupine (Hystrix javanica) and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles Sarsa Nisa; Rifka A. Safitri; Nurul Inayah; Achirul Nditasari; Susiana Purwantisari; Rejeki Ferniah; Anang Achmadi; Taufiq Nugraha; Sugiyono Saputra
Microbiology Indonesia Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Society for microbiology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (632.101 KB) | DOI: 10.5454/mi.15.2.4

Abstract

Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica) is one of the Indonesian endemic species which is often sought after for their meat. Although it is becoming increasingly popular for extreme culinary, information regarding biological risks arising from this wildlife is very limited. This study aimed to assess potential zoonotic faecal bacteria carried by Sunda porcupine with culture-dependant approach and to investigate whether antimicrobial resistant isolates can be found in wildlife. A total 22 faecal samples were collected from captive Sunda porcupine and tested for the presence of pathogens in selective media for Salmonella and Listeria. After inoculating the samples in Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) Salmonella enrichment broth, two samples (9%) were regarded as positive for Salmonella in this presumptive test which indicated by growth black colonies on xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar. Meanwhile, the presence for Listeria was presumptively positive in all samples (100%), indicated by black colour appearance in Listeria isolation transwab. In total, 38 bacterial isolates were successfully purified, preserved and subjected for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) by disk diffusion method. Resistance to ceftriaxone (3rd generation cephalosporins) was not detected while resistance to one or two antimicrobials was observed in seven isolates. Further, 16S rRNA bacterial identification was performed for selected isolates and based on sequence similarity on GenBank® databases and phylogenetic tree construction, those isolates were denoted as Pseudomonas xinjiangensis (XG4.4), Shigella sonnei (XD8.2 and G11.3), Proteus mirabilis (XH3.3, H4.2, and E1.2) and Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae (XF4.2). All identified isolates were sensitive to amikacin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefoxitin and ceftriaxone, except for one isolate Shigella sonnei (XD8.2) which was resistant to cefoxitin. Further research to confirm the pathogenicity of the isolates is still needed but based on these results, we support the hypothesies that Sunda porcupine is potential as a reservoir pathogenic bacteria and preventive measures are crucial to prevent transmission when processing this bushmeat.
Co-Authors Achirul Nditasari Achmad Dinoto Alida Hanoum Anang Achmadi Eko Sulistiyadi Endah Dwijayanti Mulyadi Mulyadi Nurul Inayah Nurul Inayah Rejeki Ferniah Rifka A. Safitri Sarsa Nisa Susiana Purwantisari Taufiq Nugraha Wartika Rosa Farida