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Daya antibakteri asam palmitat bawang putih (Allium sativum) terhadap Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175Antibacterial activity of garlic (Allium sativum) palmitic acid towards Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 Nadya Oktarina Hendy; Ratna Indriyanti; Meirina Gartika
Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students Vol 4, No 2 (2020): Oktober 2020
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjdrs.v4i2.27595

Pendahuluan: Bawang putih sering digunakan masyarakat untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit termasuk yang disebabkan oleh bakteri. Bawang putih (Allium sativum) mengandung asam palmitat yang diduga memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus mutans melalui lisis membran sitoplasma bakteri dan dapat menghambat aktivitas kerja enzim bakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui daya antibakteri asam palmitat bawang putih (Allium sativum) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Metode: Penelitian bersifat deskriptif. Analisis kemurnian isolat menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), kemudian dilakukan uji zona hambat terhadap Streptococcus mutans menggunakan metode difusi agar Kirby-Bauer pada medium agar Mueller Hinton. Kontrol penelitian adalah klorheksidin. Zona hambat yang terbentuk di sekitar paper disk diukur menggunakan jangka sorong. Hasil: Hasil KLT menunjukkan adanya senyawa asam palmitat sebagai senyawa aktif. Asam palmitat bawang putih pada konsentrasi 0,5%, 2%, 4%, 8%, dan 12% tidak memiliki zona hambat terhadap Streptococcus mutans dan memperlihatkan gumpalan putih berupa asam lemak di sekeliling paper disk. Zona hambat klorheksidin menunjukkan rata-rata 18 mm. Simpulan: Asam palmitat bawang putih (Allium sativum) tidak memiliki daya antibakteri pada konsentrasi yang 0,5%, 2%, 4%, 8%, dan 12% terhadap Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Kata kunci: Zona hambat asam palmitat bawang putih, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, disc diffusion. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Garlic is often used by people to treat various diseases, especially bacterial infection disease. Garlic (Allium sativum) contains palmitic acid, which is assumed to have the antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans through bacterial cytoplasmic membrane lysis and inhibits the activity of bacterial enzymes. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of garlic (Allium sativum) palmitic acid on the growth of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Methods: This research was descriptive. Purity analysis of the isolated compound of palmitic acid was performed using a thin layer chromatography (TLC). The inhibition zone test of Streptococcus mutans was carried out afterwards, using the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method on the Mueller Hinton agar medium. The research control was chlorhexidine. A calliper measured the inhibition zone formed around the paper disk. Results: The TLC results showed that the isolated active compound was palmitic acid. Garlic palmitic acid in the concentrations of 0.5%, 2%, 4%, 8%, and 12% did not have inhibitory zone towards Streptococcus mutans and showed white lumps of fatty acids around the paper disk. Chlorhexidine showed an inhibition zone with an average of 18 mm. Conclusion: Garlic (Allium sativum) palmitic acid has no antibacterial activity towards Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175.Keywords: Inhibitory zone of garlic palmitic acid, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, disc diffusion.

PERBEDAAAN PENURUNAN MASA BIOFILM Streptococcus mutans ANTARA PEMBERIAN FRAKSI N-HEKSANA DAN ETIL ASETAT EKSTRAK ETANOL BAWANG PUTIH SIUNG TUNGGGAL (Allium sativum L.) Ratna Indriyanti; Faizal Hasan; Meirina Gartika
ODONTO : Dental Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2019): July 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/odj.6.0.21-28

Background: Garlic (Allium sativum L) is one of the most important Allium species consumed worldwide and has been used for decades as a cure for various diseases. The aim of this research was to compare the efficacy of single-clove garlic’s n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans biofilmMethod: This was a true experimental research. The biofilm mass was determined by absorbance value at 590 nm wavelength with ELISA reader in a microplate using safranin. Data was analyzed using ANOVA followed by post hoc analysis with ρ value <0.05.Result: The result showed that average decrease of biofilm mass after 1-30 minutes of ethyl acetate fraction administration was 33.4 ± 8.03 mg/mL, n-hexane 23.6 ± 0.97 mg/mL and chlorhexidine 35.5 ± 0.98 mg/mL. The average decrease of biofilm mass after 30-60 minutes of ethyl acetate fraction administration was 11.94 ± 7.44 mg/mL, n-hexane 43.87 ± 41.6 mg/mL and chlorhexidine 16.35 ± 4.6 mg/ mL. Statistic analysis showed that there was a notable difference in the decrease of Streptococcus mutans biofilm mass (ρ value= 0.00). Conclusion: The conclusion of this research was that administrating either n-hexane or ethyl acetate fractions of a single-clove garlic has the ability to decreaseS. mutans biofilm mass.

Predisposing factors analysis of mandibular anterior tooth crowding in the mixed dentition period by the tooth size and dental arch width Ratna Indriyanti; Sjarief Hidajat Efendi; Ani Melani Maskoen; Eriska Riyanti
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 30, No 3 (2018): November 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Introduction: Tooth crowding can cause complaints if not treated early — this condition resulting in aesthetic disorders, and also masticatory and speech function disruption. The study was aimed to determine the predisposing factors of tooth crowding in the mixed dentition period by the tooth size and dental arch width. Methods: Research type was random cross-sectional. The sample was as much as 29 children with mandibular casting; then the mandibular model cast of these 6 – 9-years old children were divided into two groups according to the crowding condition in the mandibular anterior region, and the measurement was performed afterwards. Space available category was (A/A1), mesiodistal width of mandibular incisor (B/B1), total arch length (C/C1), intercanine width (D/D1), first primary intermolar width (E/E1), second primary intermolar width (F/F1), first permanent intermolar width (G/G1), interalveolar width (H/H1). Result: The results of the t-test showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the available space for 4 incisors, where the space was larger in the non-crowded group with a difference of 2.22 mm and the mesiodistal sizes of these 4 incisors was larger in the crowded teeth group, with the difference of 1.8 mm. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed a positive relationship to several measurements, namely D to C1, E to D1 and H to B1, C1, D1, F1 and G1, with the t-value > 3 and the r-value was closer to 1, which showed a correlation with strong closeness degree (r > 0.61). Conclusion: Predisposing factors of tooth crowding in the mixed dentition period were the first intercanine width (D), first primary intermolar width (E), and alveolar arch width (H).Keywords: Tooth crowding, arch dimension, mixed dentition period.

Dental anxiety level of children patient during dental treatment using CFSS-DS questionnaire Mutiara Yuwannisa; Jakobus Runkat; Ratna Indriyanti
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 25, No 1 (2013): March 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

The anxiety during dental treatment is an obstacle for both adult and children patients. The aim of this study was to describe data of the dental anxiety experienced by 6 - 9 year old patients grouped by their age and gender. The type of this study was descriptive observational and the samples were collected using incidental sampling method. The total number of sample were 63 patients who came to Dental Hospital of Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung during August 2011. This research was using the CFSS-DS questionnaire to measure the patient’s anxiety. This research was conducted by interviewing the patients about how they feel during the dental treatment. The result of this study showed that the 7-years-old boy patients seem to have higher anxiety levels than the 6-years-old, or younger ones. Meanwhile, in 6-years-old and younger girl patients showed higher anxiety level than the older (7, 8, and 9-year-old) ones. The anxiety level of children patients during dental treatment were different based on their age and gender.

Immunological parameters of dental alloy corrosion; A study of gingival inflammation after placement of stainless steel crown Ratna Indriyanti
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 20, No 3 (2008): November 2008
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

The dental alloy is widely used in many fields of dentistry as a restoration material, orthodontic, prosthodontic, oral surgery and endodontic treatments. Naturally, most of the metallic materials without exception to stainless steel alloy will experience a process of corrosion in a form of electrochemical reaction to achieve thermodynamic equilibrium. The corrosion process in the oral cavity is due to the reaction of metal with saliva as an oral cavity electrolyte fluid. SSC has preformed restoration material conform with dental anatomy, manufactured from stainless steel alloy which is formable and adaptable to the teeth. Stainless Steel Crown generally made of austenitic stainless steel 18/8 of AISI 304 group contain chrome 18% and Nickel 8%, can be used as a restoration for teeth with excessive caries, crown fracture, email hypoplasia, or restoration after endodontic treatment. The toxic effect of Ni+2 released due to corrosion process may cause an inflammation of the gingiva and periodontal tissue. Laboratorically this condition indicated by the expression of pro-inflammation cytokines as immunological parameters such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF and IL-1β whose main role is to initiate and enhance any inflammation responses. The presence of pro-inflammation cytokines can be detected as soon as 1 hour after placement of SSC by examination of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) by ELISA technique. The magnitude of the toxic effect depends on corrosion rate and ions release which is influenced by metal chemical composition, environment temperature and pH, metal wear due to abrasion and friction, soldering if any, and elongation of the metal. Conclusion: The release of Ni+2 during corrosion process after placement of SSC cause gingival inflammation which is indicated by the change of the immunological parameters.

Correlation between mandibular bone density with CD4-T cells and duration of HAART in HIV-infected children Intan Maulani; Risti Saptarini Primarti; Irna Sufiawati; Ratna Indriyanti; Niekla Survia Andiesta; Eriska Riyanti
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 33, No 1 (2021): March 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol33no1.15894

Introduction: Perinatal HIV infection has decreased adverse bone health effects and mineral accrual. HIV-infected patients have a multifactorial origin, including HIV bone cell infections, inflammatory cytokine effects on osteoblast and osteoclast activity, and HAART. The research objective was to analyze the correlation between the mandibular bone density with CD4 T-cells and duration of HAART in HIV-infected children. Methods: The mandibular bone density in the HIV-infected pediatric population was evaluated using a panoramic radiograph. The research design was a cross-sectional and univariate regression analysis for the sampling method. Mandibular density analysis using Spearman and Pearson correlation and HAART duration using Kendall correlation. Thirty-five HIV-infected children and seventeen non-HIV-infected children were recruited. Results: This study showed the significant correlation between Mandibular cortical shape index of HIV-infected and non-HIV children and there is a significant correlation between fractal dimension of HIV-infected and non-HIV children (p<0.05). There is no significant correlation between mandibular bone density and the CD4 level(p<0.05). Mandibular bone density and duration HAART and have a significant correlation (p<0.001). This research showed correlations between mandibular bone density CD4 T-cells and duration of HAART in HIV-infected children. Conclusion: There is no correlation between the mandibular bone density and CD4 T-cells count, however, there is a correlation between the mandibular bone density and duration of HAART in HIV-infected children.

Prevalence of maxillary and mandibular physiological space in the primary dentition Felisia Flaviana Megan; Niekla Survia Andiesta; Ratna Indriyanti; Arlette Suzy Puspa Pertiwi Setiawan
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 32, No 1 (2020): March 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol32no1.19317

Introduction: Physiological space is the space between maxillary and mandibular primary central incisors as well as maxillary and mandibular primary lateral incisors that occur during primary dentition period. The absence of physiological space will lead the crowded of permanent dentition due to discrepancy of the size of tooth and jaw. The objective of this study was to evaluate and analyse the prevalence of physiological space of maxillary and mandibular during primary dentition period. Methods: The type of research was a descriptive survey technique. The study was conducted at the Early Childhood Education (PAUD) in Bandung City throughout January-March 2017. The study population was children aged 3-5 years. Multistage cluster sampling used to choose subjects based on the division of the area from the city area to obtain the desired population. The data used were primary data obtained by examining the existence of a gap with a gap width indicator that is used as a benchmark of at least 0.5 mm with the help of WHO probe tool. Data were collected, processed and analysed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 20. Results: A total of 65 out of 97 subjects had physiological space in their first dentition period. From 97 study subjects (100%) examined, 44 children (45.36%) had maxillary physiological space, and 53 children (54.64%) did not have maxillary physiological space. In 97 research subjects (100%) there were also 48 children (49.48%) having physiological space in the lower jaw, and 49 children (50.52%) did not have physiological space in the lower jaw. Conclusion: Prevalence of the maxillary and mandibular physiological space in the primary dentition period of children in the city of Bandung are 67.01%.

Comparison of the head circumference measurement between Down syndrome and normal children Nur Hanis Adibah Yahya; Ratna Indriyanti; Rudy Hartanto
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 24, No 2 (2012): July 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol24no2.26820

Introduction: Growth and development assessment in children is measured by the head circumference measurement or as known as occipital-frontal circumference. In cases of genetic abnormalities such as Down syndrome which is caused by extra chromosome 21, give distinct features in the craniofacial profile, hence the author finds it is useful to observe the changes in their growth, mainly the head circumference. The purpose of this research is to analized comparison between head circumference measurement in children with Down syndrome in Sekolah Luar Biasa-C and normal children, Methods: Type of this research is analytical with surveying technique, using cross sectional studies on 20 children with Down syndrome and 160 normal children 6 to 13 years old. The sample subject. Based on anthropometry landmark on point Glabella to Opisthocranion, measurement is taken using a non-stretchable, flexible measuring tape. Result: There are significant differences between the head circumference of children in both group according to age and gender; except age 6 male, with the mean value of children with Down syndrome compare to normal circumference measurement were smaller 3 to 5 cm behind the normal children in this research. Conclusion: The head circumference of the children with Down syndrome over all from age 6 to 13 years old were smaller than the regular children in same age and same gender.

Prevalence of delayed first permanent molar eruption among children 7 to 9 years old Noor Hamiza Hani Hamsin; Ratna Indriyanti; Iwan Ahmad Musnamirwan
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 26, No 1 (2014): March 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol26no1.26758

Introduction: Eruption is the moment of tooth emergence into the oral cavity. The emergence of the first permanent molar was followed by shedding of the deciduous incisors and as for permanent incisors eruption; it was taken as a point where the transition from primary dentition to permanent dentition begins with. The aim of this research is to determine the prevalence of delayed first permanent molar tooth eruption that occur among the children from 7 to 9 years old in Sekolah Dasar Negeri (SDN) Cisitu 1, SDN Coblong 4 and SDN Sekeloa 1. Methods: The method of choosing sample was simple random sampling. Out of 547 children from three Sekolah Dasar Negeri (SDN), only 71 children were selected randomly according to their ages, 7 to 9 years old. The method of this research was descriptive with surveying method. A clinical examination was done to determine the tooth eruption and data information was taken. Results: Out of 547 children from SDN Sekeloa 1, SDN Cisitu 1 and SDN Coblong 4 only 71 children were selected to take part in this research. They were randomly selected according to their age from 7 to 9 years old from each school Conclusion: This research shows that the delayed first permanent molar eruption among children in these samples of population were rarely happen.

Calcium intake in children aged 9-15 years old Haniyah Kamal Bahasuan; Risti Saptarini Primarti; Ratna Indriyanti
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 25, No 3 (2013): November 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol25no3.26806

Introduction: Calcium is a main mineral that forms the hard structures of bone and teeth. The Government set standard of calcium intake by Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). RDA of children aged 9 years old was 600mg/day and RDA of children aged 10-15 years old was 1000mg/day. The aim of this research was to know about calcium intake in children aged 9-15 years old in Bandung. Methods: The research method was descriptive method with survey technique. Sample selected by cluster random sampling technique, an amount of children of 609 children aged 9-15 years old which was 157 children aged 9 years old and 452 children aged 10-15 years old. Results: The result of this research shows that the average of calcium intake in children aged 9 years old is 435.47 mg/day and children who lack calcium intake is 86 children or 61.43%. The average of calcium intake in children aged 10-15 years old is 613.85 mg/day and children who lack calcium intake is 317 children or 71.72%. Conclusion: Calcium intake in children aged 9-15 years old is less than Recommended Dietary Allowances.

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