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The prevalence of caries, def-t, and DMF-T index of children with Down Syndrome aged 6-14 years old Azhar, Nor Fatihah; Riyanti, Eriska; Musnamirwan, Iwan Ahmad
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 24, No 1 (2012): March
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Down syndrome is a common genetic disorder also known as Trisomy 21. There are special orofacial features of children with Down syndrome in contrast to normal children. The increasing occurrence of dental caries in Down syndrome children may be caused by the exposure towards cariogenic foods nowadays. This research was aimed to determine the prevalence of caries, def-t, and DMF-T index of 6-14 years old children with Down syndrome at Bandung in 2011. This study was a descriptive study with the surveying technique. The population of this research was the Down syndrome students of Special School (SLB) in Bandung City region with the age range of 6-14 years old. The Special Schools participated in this study were Muhammadiyah Special School; YPLB C-Special School; Asih Manunggal C- Special School; Terate S-Special School; Aditya Grahita BC-Special School; and YPLB Cipaganti BC-Special School. The sample of this research was 30 students. The caries prevalence, def-t, and DMF-T index of the students was measured by the examination of decayed, extracted or missing, and filled teeth. The research results showed that the prevalence of caries was 93%, while the def-t index was 3.03 and DMF-T index was 6.1. The conclusion of this research was the caries prevalence of children with Down syndrome was very high, whereas the def-t index was categorized in the moderate level, and the DMF-T index was categorized in the high level.

Efektifitas quad-helix dalam perawatan defisiensi transversal maksila pada anakEffectiveness of quad-helix for transverse maxillary deficiency treatment in children Stephanie Wiguna; Risti Saptarini Primarti; Iwan Ahmad Musnamirwan
Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran Vol 33, No 3 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jkg.v33i3.27967

Pendahuluan: Periodontitis apikalis adalah peradangan dan kerusakan jaringan pada daerah apikal jaringan periodonsium. Terjadi akibat pulpa nekrosis mengalami perluasan infeksi dari bakteri saluran akar menuju apeks gigi. Penelitian terdahulu membuktikan bahwa periodontitis apikalis dapat dikaitkan dengan peningkatan kadar interleukin-6. Interleukin-6 adalah salah satu sitokin pro-inflamatori yang mempunyai peran penting dalam respon inflamasi. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis perbedaan kadar interleukin-6 dalam darah vena antara pasien dengan periodontitis apikalis dan pasien tanpa periodontitis apikalis. Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan dua puluh sampel stok darah vena yang terdiri atas 10 sampel darah vena pasien dengan periodontitis apikalis dan 10 sampel darah vena pasien tanpa periodontitis apikalis. Serum darah yang telah dipisahkan dengan metode sentrifugasi dipakai sebagai sampel uji enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) sandwich untuk mengukur kadar IL-6 dengan membaca nilai absorbansi dan kurva standar. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Shapiro-Wilk, dilanjutkan dengan uji T tidak berpasangan. Hasil: Kadar IL-6 teridentifikasi pada semua sampel. Sampel darah vena pasien tanpa periodontitis apikalis memiliki kadar IL-6 berkisar antara 4,7-18,74 mg/L, sedangkan kadar IL-6 pada pasien dengan periodontitis apikalis 4,0-90,75 mg/L. Uji T tidak berpasangan menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0.02). Simpulan: Kadar IL-6 pada darah vena dengan periodontitis apikalis lebih tinggi dibandingkan kadar IL-6 pada tanpa periodontitis apikalis.Kata kunci: periodontitis apikalis; interleukin-6; Enzim-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Sandwich ABSTRACT Introduction: Apical periodontitis is inflammation and tissue damage in the apical area of the periodontium. Occurs due to pulp necrosis experiencing an expansion of infection from root canal bacteria to the apex of the tooth. Previous studies have shown that apical periodontitis can be associated with elevated levels of interleukin-6. Interleukin-6 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has a vital role in the inflammatory response. The study aimed to analyze differences in interleukin-6 levels in venous blood between patients with apical periodontitis and patients without apical periodontitis. Methods: This research was an analytic observational study with twenty venous blood samples consisting of 10 venous blood samples from patients with apical periodontitis and ten venous blood samples from patients without apical periodontitis. Blood serum that has been separated by centrifugation method was used as a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test sample to measure IL-6 levels by reading absorbance values and standard curves. The data obtained were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, followed by an unpaired T-test. Results: IL-6 levels were identified in all samples. Venous blood samples from patients without apical periodontitis had IL-6 levels ranging from 4.7-18.74 mg/L, while IL-6 levels in patients with apical periodontitis were 4.0-90.75 mg/L. The unpaired t-test showed that there was a significant difference (p=0.02). Conclusion: IL-6 levels in venous blood with apical periodontitis were higher than IL-6 levels in those without apical periodontitis.Keywords: apical periodontitis; interleukin-6; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Sandwich

The prevalence of caries, def-t, and DMF-T index of children with Down Syndrome aged 6-14 years old Nor Fatihah Azhar; Eriska Riyanti; Iwan Ahmad Musnamirwan
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 24, No 1 (2012): March 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Down syndrome is a common genetic disorder also known as Trisomy 21. There are special orofacial features of children with Down syndrome in contrast to normal children. The increasing occurrence of dental caries in Down syndrome children may be caused by the exposure towards cariogenic foods nowadays. This research was aimed to determine the prevalence of caries, def-t, and DMF-T index of 6-14 years old children with Down syndrome at Bandung in 2011. This study was a descriptive study with the surveying technique. The population of this research was the Down syndrome students of Special School (SLB) in Bandung City region with the age range of 6-14 years old. The Special Schools participated in this study were Muhammadiyah Special School; YPLB C-Special School; Asih Manunggal C- Special School; Terate S-Special School; Aditya Grahita BC-Special School; and YPLB Cipaganti BC-Special School. The sample of this research was 30 students. The caries prevalence, def-t, and DMF-T index of the students was measured by the examination of decayed, extracted or missing, and filled teeth. The research results showed that the prevalence of caries was 93%, while the def-t index was 3.03 and DMF-T index was 6.1. The conclusion of this research was the caries prevalence of children with Down syndrome was very high, whereas the def-t index was categorized in the moderate level, and the DMF-T index was categorized in the high level.

Prevalence of delayed first permanent molar eruption among children 7 to 9 years old Noor Hamiza Hani Hamsin; Ratna Indriyanti; Iwan Ahmad Musnamirwan
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 26, No 1 (2014): March 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol26no1.26758

Introduction: Eruption is the moment of tooth emergence into the oral cavity. The emergence of the first permanent molar was followed by shedding of the deciduous incisors and as for permanent incisors eruption; it was taken as a point where the transition from primary dentition to permanent dentition begins with. The aim of this research is to determine the prevalence of delayed first permanent molar tooth eruption that occur among the children from 7 to 9 years old in Sekolah Dasar Negeri (SDN) Cisitu 1, SDN Coblong 4 and SDN Sekeloa 1. Methods: The method of choosing sample was simple random sampling. Out of 547 children from three Sekolah Dasar Negeri (SDN), only 71 children were selected randomly according to their ages, 7 to 9 years old. The method of this research was descriptive with surveying method. A clinical examination was done to determine the tooth eruption and data information was taken. Results: Out of 547 children from SDN Sekeloa 1, SDN Cisitu 1 and SDN Coblong 4 only 71 children were selected to take part in this research. They were randomly selected according to their age from 7 to 9 years old from each school Conclusion: This research shows that the delayed first permanent molar eruption among children in these samples of population were rarely happen.

Oral habit frequency of 7-15 years old homeless children Nur Widya Damayanti; Iwan Ahmad Musnamirwan; Ratna Indriyanti
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 26, No 2 (2014): July 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol26no2.26705

Introduction: Oral habit is a bad habit that causes dental changes if habit are continued for long periods of time. Oral habit included digit sucking, lip sucking or biting, nail biting, mouth breathing. The purpose of study is to know the condition of oral habits in 7-15 years old homeless children undercare of Rumah Perlindungan Anak GANK (Generasi Anti Narkotika & Kriminalitas). Methods: This study was a descriptive research by survey technique. The sample consisted of 46 children collected by total sampling. Data pertaining to the study was collected through interviews in form questionnaire and clinical examinations.Result: The result shows that 71,74% have oral habits, consisting of 18 boys (54,54 %) and 15 girls (45,45 %), out of which 26,09% homeless children have lip sucking or biting, 21,74 % have nail biting, 17,39 % have mouth breathing and 6,52 % have thumb sucking habit. Conclusion: Oral habit frequencyvwere most performed in homeless children was lip sucking or biting.

Oral hygiene level of children with cerebral palsy Debrina Mayasari Soekamto; Iwan Ahmad Musnamirwan; Inne Suherna Sasmita
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 22, No 3 (2010): November 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol22no3.26878

Introduction: Dental and oral hygiene is important in supporting oral health in particular and general body health. Dental and oral hygiene can be maintained by controlling plaque. The aim of the study was to obtain data on the level of dental and oral hygiene in cerebral palsy children in the Sekolah Luar Biasa Bagian D Yayasan Pembinaan Anak Cacat, Sukajadi, Bandung. Methods: The research method is descriptive. Samples were obtained by total sampling technique which has criteria for children under 18 years old. A total of 43 children were obtained from all cerebral palsy children. Data were obtained by clinical examination, to calculate the level of dental and oral hygiene, OHI-S from Green and Vermillion was used by applying disclosing solution on the tooth surface, with criteria: good if the OHI value = 0.1-1.2; mean if the value of OHI = 1.3-3.0; bad if the value of OHI = 3.1-6.0 . Result: The results showed that the average dental and oral hygiene of cerebral palsy children in the Sekolah Luar Biasa Bagian D Yayasan Pembinaan Anak Cacat, Sukajadi, Bandung was 3.27. Conclusion: Dental and oral hygiene in cerebral palsy children in Sekolah Luar Biasa Bagian D Yayasan Pembinaan Anak Cacat, Sukajadi, Bandung is included in the bad criteria.

Pain parameters for buffered and non-buffered anesthetic injections in children undergoing dental procedures Theodora Erlin Puspitasari; Iwan Ahmad Musnamirwan; Kirana Lina Gunawan; Meirina Gartika
Dental Journal Vol. 56 No. 1 (2023): March 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v56.i1.p58-62

Background: Dental procedures, such as injections, usually cause pain and make children uncomfortable and uncooperative. One approach for reducing pain is the use of buffered anesthetics. Purpose: The research objective was to assess the pain parameters between buffered and non-buffered anesthetic injections, based on oxygen saturation, pulse rate, and the self-reporting of pain by the children. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental, with purposive sampling of 19 children. Pain parameters, based on oxygen saturation and pulse rate, were measured using a pulse oximeter. The self-reporting of pain used the Wong–Baker FACES® pain rating scale. Statistical analysis used a t-test and Mann–Whitney test with P < 0.01 taken as statistically significant. Results: The results showed a significant difference in oxygen saturation before and after the injection of buffered and non-buffered anesthetics (P = 0.0002). Delivering the buffered anesthetics were reported to be less painful than non-buffered anesthetics. The oxygen saturation and pulse rate were inversely proportional to the self-reporting of pain in children. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between oxygen saturation (P = 0.5) and pulse rate (P = 0.4886) in those receiving buffered and non-buffered anesthetics. However, there was a significant difference in the self-reporting of pain between the two groups (P = 0.00000262). Conclusion: Pain parameters could be measured physiologically and psychologically. This research concludes that physiologically, there was no difference in pain parameters, based on oxygen saturation and children’s pulse rate. Psychologically, there was a difference in the self-reporting of pain; 14 children reported that delivering the buffered anesthetic was painless.

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