Joni Munarso
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SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA BERONDONG HANJELI (Coix lacryma-jobi L) Kun Tanti Dewandari; Joni Munarso; Rahmawati Rahmawati
Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian Vol 17, No 3 (2020): Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jpasca.v17n3.2020.154-164

Abstract

Hanjeli adalah salah satu tanaman potensial untuk diversifikasi pangan. Karbohidrat dan pati dalam biji hanjeli mirip dengan sereal lainnya seperti gandum, sorgum, jagung. Produk olahan sereal salah satunya adalah berondong yang diperoleh dengan metode puffing. Puffing adalah proses pengolahan pangan yang menyebabkan perubahan struktur sehingga terjadi penggembungan atau perluasan volume akibat pengaruh suhu dan tekanan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan proses puffing pada biji hanjeli menggunakan microwave dengan perlakuan A (Tingkat Energi) dan B (Waktu proses) dengan 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa energi gelombang mikro yang digunakan dalam proses pengujian popping hanjeli memiliki dampak nyata dengan nilai signifikan <0,05 terhadap kadar air, lemak, karbohidrat. pengujian konten dan organoleptik pada parameter warna dan tekstur dengan tingkat energi sedang. Perlakuan terbaik yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini merupakan produk berondong hanjeli dengan tingkat energi medium dan waktu proses 2,5 menit. Berondong hanjeli tersebut memiliki hasil analisa fisik pada densitas kamba 0,30 %. Berondong hanjeli memiliki hasil analisa kimia pada kadar air 3,59%, kadar abu 0,13%, kadar protein 14,60%, kadar lemak 1,14%, kadar karbohidrat 80,54%, kadar amilosa 11,09%, kadar amilopektin 60,22%. Physicochemical Properties Of Popping Hanjeli (Coix Lacryma-Jobi L)Utilitization of Hanjeli plant has not been done yet because of society’s lack of knowledge. The carbohydrate and starch in Hanjeli seeds are similar to other cereals’ content such as wheat, sorghum, corn and barley. The brunch cereal is the result of puffing process. In this research, the puffing process was done by using the microwave. One of the benefits of this research is to ascertain of puffing process by using the microwave towards Hanjeli seeds. This research used the experimental method with two factors of Completely Randomized Factorial Design (CRFD) which consists of factor A (Power Level) and factor B (Time process) with three times repetition. Analytical techniques that were used were variance or Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued to Post-Hoc Test with Tukey’s test method. Analysis of physical properties which was conducted is bulk density. Analysis of chemical properties which was conducted are water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, amylose and amylopectin. Organoleptic analysis which was conducted are acceptance test (hedonic) and hedonic quality test. Based on the research result of change in the physicochemical properties, the microwave energy which was used in the puffing process to test the popping hanjeli has the real impact with a significant value < α (0.05) towards the popping hanjeli’s quality on the tests of water, fat, carbohydrate content and organoleptic testing on color and texture parameters with medium energy levels. Time usage of popping hanjeli using the microwave has the real impact with a significant value < α (0.05) towards the popping hanjeli’s quality on the tests of water, fat, carbohydrate content and organoleptic testing on color and texture parameters with medium energy level. There is a different interaction between the energy level and time process, it has the real impact with a significant value < α (0.05) towards the popping hanjeli’s quality which at the medium energy level with a time process of 2,5 minutes.
SINTESIS DAN POTENSI APLIKASI LIPIDA TERSTUKTUR BERBASIS MINYAK KELAPA DAN MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT UNTUK INDUSTRI PANGAN FUNGSIONAL /Synthesis and Potential Applications of Coconut and Palm Oils Based Structured Lipid for Functional Food Industry Siti Nurhasanah; Purwiyatno Hariyadi; Nur Wulandari; Joni Munarso
Perspektif Vol 16, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/psp.v16n2.2017.111-121

Abstract

Berkembangnya teknologi proses pengolahan pangan berdampak pada kebutuhan lipida dengan sifat khusus untuk diaplikasikan pada produk tertentu. Sifat lipida alami belum tentu sesuai dengan kebutuhan industri, baik dari segi sifat fisikokimia, gizi, maupun sifat fungsional lain yang diinginkan.  Karena itu, perlu dilakukan modifikasi untuk membentuk lipida dengan nilai tambah tertentu. Salah satunya melalui modifikasi stuktur molekuler lipida; yaitu untuk menghasilkan lipida terstruktur (structured lipids, SL). Lipida terstrukturadalah lipida yang termodifikasi, dengan penambahan dan/atau pengaturan posisi asam-asam lemak pada kerangka gliserolnya untuk tujuan menghasilkan lipida dengan nilai tambah sesuai aplikasinya.  Perbedaan jenis dan posisi asam-asam lemak pada kerangka gliserol akan menentukan sifat kimia, fisika, biokimia lipida dan fungsionalnya yang berpotensi memberikan nilai tambah tertentu. Sintesis SL dengan interesterifikasi secara kimia maupun enzimatis memungkinkan potensi aplikasi yang lebih luas, khususnya untuk industri pangan fungsional. Saat ini telah beredar di pasaran produk SL dengan nilai tambah tertentu; misalnya mudah diserap tubuh, kandungan kalori lebih rendah, dan mempunyai komposisi asam lemak mirip dengan lemak ASI untuk formulasi makanan bayi.  Minyak kelapa dan kelapa sawit sebagai hasil perkebunan, yang masing-masing memiliki keunggulan kaya asam lemak rantai menengah dan kaya asam lemak tak-jenuh merupakan bahan bakupotensial untuk pengembangan SL dengan nilai tambah khas.Pembuatan SL sesuai dengan kebutuhan industri pangan fungsional ini dapat meningkatkan daya saing produk perkebunan dalam pasar dunia. Hilirisasi riset perlu dikembangkan agarmampu menghasilkan inovasiyang dapat diaplikasikan di industri, yang melibatkan komitmen pemerintah maupun pelaku usaha.  ABSTRACTThe growth of process technology in food processing affecting the needs of lipid with special characteristics for specific products. The characteristic of natural lipid is not always suitable with industry requirement, either from its physicochemical characteristic, nutrition, or from other desirable functional characteristics. Therefore it is necessary to develop modification technique to produce lipid with desirable added value, such as generating structured lipids (SL). Structured lipids is modified lipid, with the addition and/or arrangement of the fatty acid position on its glycerol backbone.The difference of types and positions of fatty acids on glycerol backbone will determine the chemical, physical, biochemical characteristic and the functionality of the lipid. Structured lipids synthesed by chemical or enzymatic interesterification will potentially have broader potential of applications, especially for functional food industry. Currently, SL products with several added values, such as more easily absorbed, lower calorie content, or having fatty acid composition similar to that of breastmilk lipid for baby food formulation, have been introduced in the market. Coconut oil and palm oil are, respectively, known to be rich in medium saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acids. Both oil are potential to be used for development of SL. Structured lipids production suitable for functional food industry could increase the competitiveness of coconut and palm oil as plantation comodities in world market. Downstream policy research by promoting research and development toward industrial application is needed, involving commitment from government and private sectors.