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Evaluation of Productivity, Fiber Fineness, and Tolerance to Insect Pests of F7 Cotton Lines with Brown Fiber EMY SULISTYOWATI; SIWI SUMARTINI; SUJAK SUJAK; M. MACHFUD; SUHADI SUHADI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 4 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v21n4.2015.189-198

Abstract

ABSTRACTColoured cotton has been used since 3400-2300 BC. Historically, it has been used prior to allotetraploid cotton which are now planted (G. hirsutum dan G. barbadense) of which some have brown and green fiber. The use of coloured cotton is environmentally friendly, and the demand for it will be increasing in relation with the increased demand of organic cotton. The research was aiming to evaluate of Productivity, Fiber Fineness, and Tolerance to Insect Pests ofF7 promising cotton lineswith brown fiber for the development of national cotton new varieties with brown fiber. The experiment was carried out at Pasirian Experimental Station at Lumajang on Januari-December 2013. 14 F7 lines resulted from 2006 crosses and two control varieties were tested in Randomised Blocked Design. There were two unit tests, the spray and unspray test, each was replicated three times. Plot size was 3 x 10m2 with plant spacing was made of 100 x 25 cm in which one single plant per hole was maintained. observation was done on growth and generative components, seed cotton yield, and field tolerance component. Experimental result showed that line 06063/5 was consistently shown high seed cotton yield under spray (2348,3 kg/ha) and unspray conditions (2372,8 kg/ha). Under unspray condition, there were four promising lines which were yielded higher that the best control varieties (Kanesia 10, 2197,2 kg/ha), i.e. 06063/5 (2372,80 kg/ha), 06067/3 (2235,0 kg/ha), 06062/3 (2255,60 kg/ha), and 06066/2 (2383,90 kg/ha). In addition, the best line showingthe highest field tolerance index was 06066/2 (110,5%). There were only two lines which had fiber length of ≥ 1 inch (25,4 mm), i.e. 06067/4 and 06062/1. It terms of fiber strength, genetic improvement achieved was ranging from 0,81 to 11,54% better than Kanesia 10, but 8,11 – 17,64% worse than Kanesia 8. Nine lines which had their fiber fineness 3,0 – 3,8 mic which are met the industry’s demand.Keywords: Gossypium hirsutum L., coloured cotton, productivity, field tolerance index EVALUASI PRODUKTIVITAS, MUTU SERAT, DAN KETAHANAN TERHADAP HAMA GALUR-GALUR F7 KAPAS BE RSERAT COKLATABSTRAKKapas dengan serat berwarna non-putih telah digunakan sejak tahun3400-2300 sebelum Masehi. Sejarah perkembangannya diperkirakan lebihawal dibandingkan kapas allotetraploid yang banyak dikembangkan saatini (G. hirsutum dan G. barbadense) yang beberapa memiliki warna serat coklat dan hijau. Penggunaan serat kapas berwarna sangat ramah lingkungan dan pemanfaatannya akan meningkat sejalan dengan meningkatnya permintaan kapas organik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi produktivitas, mutu serat dan ketahanan terhadap hama galur-galur harapan F7 kapas dengan serat berwarna coklat dalam rangka mengembangkan varietas kapas nasional berserat coklat.Penelitian menguji 14 galur F7 hasil persilangan tahun 2006 dan dua varietas pembanding dilaksanakan di KP Pasirian, Lumajang pada bulan Januari- Desember 2013; disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Terdapat dua unit pengujian yaitu pengujian dengan pengendalian hama optimal (SPRAY atau S) dan pengujian tanpa pengendalian hama (TANPA SPRAY atau TS) masing-masing diulang tiga kali. Ukuran plot adalah 3 x 10m2; jarak tanam adalah 100 x 25 cm dan pada masing-masing lubang tanam dipelihara satu tanaman. Pengamatan komponen pertumbuhan dan hasil, hasil kapas berbiji, dan komponen ketahanan dilakukan untuk menilai penampilan galur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur 06063/5 secara konsisten menunjukkan produksi kapas berbiji yang cukup tinggi baik dalam kondisi dengan pengendalian hama (2 348,3 kg/ha) maupun tanpa pengendalian hama (2372,8 kg/ha). Pada kondisi tanpa pengendalian hama, terdapat empat galur yang lebih unggul dibandingkan varietas pembanding terbaik (Kanesia 10, 2197,2 kg/ha) yaitu 06063/5 (2 372,80 kg/ha), 06067/3 (2 235,0 kg/ha), 06062/3 (2255,60 kg/ha), dan 06066/2 (2383,90 kg/ha). Selain itu, galur yang menunjukkan indeks ketahanan lapang terbaik adalah 06066/2 (110,5%). Hanya terdapat dua galur yang panjang seratnya ≥ 1 inchi (25,4 mm), yaitu 06067/4 dan 06062/1. Apabila dibandingkan Kanesia 10, diperoleh kemajuan dalam hal kekuatan serat sebesar 0,81-11,54%. Tetapi apabila dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 8, maka kekuatan serat dari galur-galur yang diuji lebih rendah 8,11 – 17,64%. Terdapat sembilan galur yang kehalusan seratnya dikelompokkan pada kategori diterima oleh industri (3,0 – 3,8 mic).Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum L., kapas dengan serat berwarna, produktivitas, indeks ketahanan lapang.
Uji toleransi lapang galur-galur tebu terhadap hama penggerek pucuk dan penggerek batang Sujak Sujak; Dwi Adi Sunarto; Subiyakto Subiyakto
Agrovigor Vol 14, No 1 (2021): Maret
Publisher : Universitas Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrovigor.v14i1.8506

Abstract

Dalam praktek pengelolaan serangga hama komponen penanaman varietas toleran dinilai kompatibel, murah, mudah diterapkan dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tingkat toleransi galur galur harapan tebu terhadap  penggerek pucuk dan penggerek batang tebu. Penelitian dilakukan di Kediri, Jawa Timur pada tanaman ratun ke-3 dan di Pati, Jawa Tengah pada tanaman ratun ke-2. Data dianalisis menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) diulang tiga kali.  Perlakuan terdiri atas 17 galur harapan tebu yaitu MLG 43, MLG 12, MLG 9, MLG 5, MLG 4, MLG 23, MLG 29, MLG 24, MLG 49, MLG 56, MLG 45, MLG 55, MLG 38, MLG 52, MLG 14, MLG 11, JR 01 dan 3 varietas pembanding BL, PS 881, Cenning untuk lokasi Kediri dan Kentung untuk lokasi Pati. Ukuran petak 5 juring x 10 m, dengan PKP 120-135 cm. Parameter pengamatan meliputi serangan penggerek pucuk dan penggerek batang.  Pengamatan dilakukan pada 3 baris tanaman sepanjang 10 m, dilakukan pada waktu tanaman berumur 3 bulan dan 6 bulan setelah tanam. Pada umur 9 bulan dilakukan pengamatan distruktif dengan membelah batang tebu untuk mengukur panjang gerekan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan pengamatan lapang galur MLG 5 dan MLG 52 merupakan galur yang relatif toleran terhadap serangan penggerek pucuk dan penggerek batang. Galur MLG 45, MLG 55, MLG 38 dan MLG 14 tergolong kategori toleransi sedang/moderat dan galur MLG 24 tergolong kategori berat/rentan.
Evaluation of Productivity, Fiber Fineness, and Tolerance to Insect Pests of F7 Cotton Lines with Brown Fiber EMY SULISTYOWATI; SIWI SUMARTINI; SUJAK SUJAK; M. MACHFUD; SUHADI SUHADI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 4 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v21n4.2015.189-198

Abstract

ABSTRACTColoured cotton has been used since 3400-2300 BC. Historically, it has been used prior to allotetraploid cotton which are now planted (G. hirsutum dan G. barbadense) of which some have brown and green fiber. The use of coloured cotton is environmentally friendly, and the demand for it will be increasing in relation with the increased demand of organic cotton. The research was aiming to evaluate of Productivity, Fiber Fineness, and Tolerance to Insect Pests ofF7 promising cotton lineswith brown fiber for the development of national cotton new varieties with brown fiber. The experiment was carried out at Pasirian Experimental Station at Lumajang on Januari-December 2013. 14 F7 lines resulted from 2006 crosses and two control varieties were tested in Randomised Blocked Design. There were two unit tests, the spray and unspray test, each was replicated three times. Plot size was 3 x 10m2 with plant spacing was made of 100 x 25 cm in which one single plant per hole was maintained. observation was done on growth and generative components, seed cotton yield, and field tolerance component. Experimental result showed that line 06063/5 was consistently shown high seed cotton yield under spray (2348,3 kg/ha) and unspray conditions (2372,8 kg/ha). Under unspray condition, there were four promising lines which were yielded higher that the best control varieties (Kanesia 10, 2197,2 kg/ha), i.e. 06063/5 (2372,80 kg/ha), 06067/3 (2235,0 kg/ha), 06062/3 (2255,60 kg/ha), and 06066/2 (2383,90 kg/ha). In addition, the best line showingthe highest field tolerance index was 06066/2 (110,5%). There were only two lines which had fiber length of ≥ 1 inch (25,4 mm), i.e. 06067/4 and 06062/1. It terms of fiber strength, genetic improvement achieved was ranging from 0,81 to 11,54% better than Kanesia 10, but 8,11 – 17,64% worse than Kanesia 8. Nine lines which had their fiber fineness 3,0 – 3,8 mic which are met the industry’s demand.Keywords: Gossypium hirsutum L., coloured cotton, productivity, field tolerance index EVALUASI PRODUKTIVITAS, MUTU SERAT, DAN KETAHANAN TERHADAP HAMA GALUR-GALUR F7 KAPAS BE RSERAT COKLATABSTRAKKapas dengan serat berwarna non-putih telah digunakan sejak tahun3400-2300 sebelum Masehi. Sejarah perkembangannya diperkirakan lebihawal dibandingkan kapas allotetraploid yang banyak dikembangkan saatini (G. hirsutum dan G. barbadense) yang beberapa memiliki warna serat coklat dan hijau. Penggunaan serat kapas berwarna sangat ramah lingkungan dan pemanfaatannya akan meningkat sejalan dengan meningkatnya permintaan kapas organik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi produktivitas, mutu serat dan ketahanan terhadap hama galur-galur harapan F7 kapas dengan serat berwarna coklat dalam rangka mengembangkan varietas kapas nasional berserat coklat.Penelitian menguji 14 galur F7 hasil persilangan tahun 2006 dan dua varietas pembanding dilaksanakan di KP Pasirian, Lumajang pada bulan Januari- Desember 2013; disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Terdapat dua unit pengujian yaitu pengujian dengan pengendalian hama optimal (SPRAY atau S) dan pengujian tanpa pengendalian hama (TANPA SPRAY atau TS) masing-masing diulang tiga kali. Ukuran plot adalah 3 x 10m2; jarak tanam adalah 100 x 25 cm dan pada masing-masing lubang tanam dipelihara satu tanaman. Pengamatan komponen pertumbuhan dan hasil, hasil kapas berbiji, dan komponen ketahanan dilakukan untuk menilai penampilan galur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur 06063/5 secara konsisten menunjukkan produksi kapas berbiji yang cukup tinggi baik dalam kondisi dengan pengendalian hama (2 348,3 kg/ha) maupun tanpa pengendalian hama (2372,8 kg/ha). Pada kondisi tanpa pengendalian hama, terdapat empat galur yang lebih unggul dibandingkan varietas pembanding terbaik (Kanesia 10, 2197,2 kg/ha) yaitu 06063/5 (2 372,80 kg/ha), 06067/3 (2 235,0 kg/ha), 06062/3 (2255,60 kg/ha), dan 06066/2 (2383,90 kg/ha). Selain itu, galur yang menunjukkan indeks ketahanan lapang terbaik adalah 06066/2 (110,5%). Hanya terdapat dua galur yang panjang seratnya ≥ 1 inchi (25,4 mm), yaitu 06067/4 dan 06062/1. Apabila dibandingkan Kanesia 10, diperoleh kemajuan dalam hal kekuatan serat sebesar 0,81-11,54%. Tetapi apabila dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 8, maka kekuatan serat dari galur-galur yang diuji lebih rendah 8,11 – 17,64%. Terdapat sembilan galur yang kehalusan seratnya dikelompokkan pada kategori diterima oleh industri (3,0 – 3,8 mic).Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum L., kapas dengan serat berwarna, produktivitas, indeks ketahanan lapang.
Analisis senyawa volatil dari ekstrak tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai atraktan parasitoid telur wereng batang coklat, Anagrus nilaparvatae (Pang et Wang) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) Surjani Wonorahardjo; Nurindah Nurindah; Dwi Adi Sunarto; Sujak Sujak; Neena Zakia
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 12 No 1 (2015): Maret
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (352.505 KB) | DOI: 10.5994/jei.12.1.48

Abstract

Plants produce volatiles as communication cues intra- or inter- species. Infested plants by herbivores will produce volatiles as indirect defense mechanism that attracts natural enemies of herbivores. Analysis of volatiles compounds produced by rice plant as result of infested brown plant hopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stâl, was done to identify compounds in the volatiles that potentially can be used as attractant for egg parasitoids of BPH, Anagrus nilaparvatae (Pang et Wang) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). This research was an early stage to develop formulation of parasitoid attractant. The research activities include volatiles extraction of infested rice stem by BPH eggs using acetone, n-hexane as the extraction solvents; analyses of volatile compounds with GC-MS; and bioassay of parasitoid orientation behavior to the volatiles using olfactometer methods. Extraction methods applied were maceration and continuous extraction followed by concentration. Bioassay on the parasitoid orientation behavior was done by using Y-tube olfactometer and every lot of bioassay using 30 parasitoid females with 3 replicates. The results showed that the volatile compounds of extract of infested rice stem by BPH eggs comprise of 16 components. The highest proportion of the components extracted with acetone is 2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl (19,9%), while those with n-hexane is Hexanedioic acid, dioctyl ester (65%). A. nilaparvatae showed positive response to the volatiles extracted from infested rice plant by N. lugens eggs. Therefore, the volatiles can be used as an attractant for the egg A. nilaparvatae to support rice pest management.
Evaluasi pelepasan Trichogramma spp. untuk pengendalian penggerek pucuk dan batang tebu Nurindah Nurindah; Dwi Adi Sunarto; Sujak Sujak
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 13 No 2 (2016): Juli
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (387.038 KB) | DOI: 10.5994/jei.13.2.107

Abstract

The success and effectiveness evaluation of Trichogramma releases for controlling  sugarcane top borer (Scirpophaga excerptalis (Walker)) and stalk borers (Chilo spp.) have not been intensively evaluated. This research was aimed to evaluate the control technique of sugarcane borer complex by releasing Trichogramma spp. The evaluation approach was performance tests of the parasitoid fitness through determination of reproductive rate and parasitism capacity of the parasitoids. Field observations were also done to obtain the borers’ egg parasitism level in Trichogramma released and unreleased sugarcane fields. The observation was done by collecting the borers’ eggs in such fields and egg parasitism level was recorded. Results showed that releases of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii or Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead were not effectively caused egg parasitism on S. excerptalis or Chilo spp. A hundred % parasitism of S. excerptalis eggs and  77% parasitism of Chilo spp. were caused by Telenomus sp. T. chilonis parasitized only Chilo spp. Reproductive performance of T. japonicum indicated a low reproduction capacity. Mass releases of Trichogramma spp. for controlling the sugarcane borers’ complex in Indonesia has to be reconsidered by taking into account the species and release technique to obtain a successful biocontrol of sugarcane borers’ complex.