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Aktivitas Insektisida Ekstrak Piperaceae terhadap Helopeltis antonii pada Kakao Gusti Indriati; Samsudin Samsudin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v1n1.2014.p7-14

Helopeltis antonii merupakan hama pucuk dan buah kakao. Pengendalian menggunakan insektisida kimia cukup efektif untuk mengendalikan hama ini, akan tetapi dapat menimbulkan efek negatif pada lingkungan. Oleh sebab itu, pengendalian menggunakan insektisida yang berasal dari tumbuhan dapat menjadi alternatif yang lebih aman. Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi aktivitas insektisida dari ekstrak empat jenis tumbuhan dari famili Piperaceae, yaitu Piper aduncum, P. retrofractum, P. cubeba, dan P. sarmentosum, terhadap H. antonii pada kakao. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri) Sukabumi pada bulan Januari sampai November 2013. Setiap jenis ekstrak diuji pada taraf konsentrasi 1%; 0,5%; 0,25%; 0,125%; 0,062%; dan kontrol (campuran aseton, methanol, dan Tween-80 dengan perbandingan 5:5:2) sebanyak 1,2%. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Uji toksisitas menggunakan imago H. antonii dengan metode penyemprotan serangga uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etil asetat buah P. retrofractum pada konsentrasi 0,25% menyebabkan kematian imago sebesar 83,33% pada 120 jam setelah perlakuan (JSP), sedangkan ekstrak etil asetat P. aduncum, P. cubeba, dan P. sarmentosum pada konsentrasi dan waktu yang sama hanya menyebabkan kematian berturut-turut 33,33%; 20%; dan 13,33%. Aktivitas insektisida dari ekstrak etil asetat buah P. retrofractum paling kuat terhadap imago H. antonii karena mengandung senyawa piperin, yaitu 1-[(2E,4E)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2,4-pentadienoyl] piperidine; (E,E) 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl-piperidine; dan 3-benzodioxol-5-yl-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl-piperine. LC95 ekstrak etil asetat buah P. retrofractum terhadap imago H. antonii dibawah 0,5% sehingga paling berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi insektisida nabati pengendali hama tersebut pada kakao.Kata Kunci: Helopeltis antonii, Piperaceae, aktifitas insektisida, kakaoHelopeltis antonii is one of cocoa pest that attacks the shoot and pods. The insecticides can control this pest effectivelly, but could cause negative effects on the environment. Therefore, botanical insecticide could be a safer alternative for environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal activity of Piperaceae extracts: Piper aduncum, P. retrofractum, P. cubeba, and P. sarmentosum against H. antonii on cocoa. The experiment was conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI) Sukabumi, from January to November 2013. Those extracts were tested at 1%; 0.5%; 0.25%; 0.125%; 0.062% concentration level, respectively; and control (a mixture of acetone, methanol and Tween-80 with a ratio of 5:5:2) at 1.2% concentration level. All of treatments were repeated 3 times. The toxicity assessment was use of spraying method onto imago of H.antonii. The results showed that the ethyl acetate extract of P. retrofractum at 0.25% concentration caused 83.33% mortality of H. antonii imago at 120 hours after treatment (HAT), while the ethyl acetate extract of P. aduncum, P. cubeba, and P. Sarmentosum at the same time and concentration only leads to 33.33%; 20%; and 13.33% mortality, respectively. The insecticidal activity of P. retrofractum ethyl acetate extract was strongest against the imago of H. antonii because it contains piperine: 1-[(2E, 4E)-5 (1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2,4-pentadienoyl] piperidine; (E,E) 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl-piperidine; and 3-benzodioxol-5-yl-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl-piperine. LC95 of P. retrofractum ethyl acetate extract against imago of H. antonii was below 0.5%, so it become the most potential to develop into botanical insecticide.

Sinergisme Heterorhabditis sp. dengan Penyarungan Buah dalam Mengendalikan Penggerek Buah Kakao Conopomorpha cramerella Samsudin Samsudin; Gusti Indriati
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n1.2013.p19-26

Penggerek buah kakao (PBK) Conopomorpha cramerella merupakan hama utama tanaman kakao di Indonesia. Pengendalian hama ini sulit karena larva berada di dalam buah. Pengendalian biologi dengan memanfaatkan nematoda patogen serangga Heterorhabditis sp. diharapkan mampu mengendalikan larva yang ada di dalam buah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keefektifan Heterorhabditis sp. yang dikombinasikan dengan penyarungan buah untuk mengendalikan PBK. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Mamuju, Sulawesi Barat dari bulan April sampai November 2012. Sebelum dilakukan pengujian, tingkat serangan dan kerusakan biji akibat PBK di lokasi penelitian diamati terlebih dahulu. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK), ukuran buah muda yang diberi perlakuan dikelompokkan menjadi 2, yaitu: kelompok ukuran panjang 8-10 cm dan 11-15 cm, masing-masing perlakuan menggunakan 10 pohon yang diambil secara acak, dan dari masing-masing pohon digunakan 2 buah muda dan diulang 3 kali. Perlakuan yang diujikan adalah penyarungan dengan kantong plastik transparan ukuran 30 cm x 17 cm x 0,02 mm, Heterorhabditis sp. 500 juvenil infektif (JI/ml), kombinasi penyarungan dengan plastik dan Heterorhabditis sp. 500 JI/ml, dan kontrol. Pengamatan dilakukan pada saat panen. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase serangan dan kerusakan biji akibat serangan PBK dan persentase buah terserang penyakit busuk buah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyarungan buah dengan plastik yang dikombinasikan dengan Heterorhabditis sp. efektif menurunkan persentase serangan dan kerusakan biji akibat PBK sampai 90%. Heterorhabditis sp. bekerja sinergis dengan penyarungan buah dalam mengendalikan PBK. Pemanfaatan Heterorhabditis sp. harus dipadukan dengan penyarungan buah, untuk menghindari meningkatnya serangan penyakit busuk buah.Kata Kunci: Conopomorpha cramerella, kakao, Heterorhabditis sp., penyarunganCocoa pod borer (CPB) Conopomorpha cramerella is one of main pests on cocoa plantations in Indonesia. Controlling of this pest is very difficult because the larvae lives inside the pods. Biological control by using entomophatogen nematode Heterorhabditis sp. is a promising method being able to control the CPB larvae which are already inside cocoa pods. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Heterorhabditis sp. combined with pod sleeving application on CPB infestation. The study was conducted in Mamuju, West Sulawesi from April to November 2012. Prior of this research revealed that infestation rate and the number of damaged cocoa beans caused by CPB in the research location were high. This research used a randomized block design (RBD). The young cocoa pods used were devided into two categories of length (8-10 cm and 11-15 cm) randomizely selected of ten plants each on which two young cocoa pods were used with three replications. The treatments tested were the use of pod sleeving with transparent plastic bag having size of 30 cm x 17 cm x 0.02 mm, Heterorhabditis sp 500 JI/ml, combined pod sleeving with Heterorhabditis sp. 500 JI/ml, and the control. Each treatment was applied to the 20 cocoa pods and replicated 3 times. The observations were made at the time of harvest. The parameters observed were the percentage of CPB infestations, the number of damaged beans caused by CPB and the percentage of cocoa pods infected by pod rot disease. The results showed that the use of pod sleeving combined with Heterorhabditis sp. effectively reduced the level of CPB infestations and the number of damaged beans caused by CPB to 90%. Heterorhabditis sp. works sinergically with pod sleeving in controlling of CPB. The application of Heterorhabditis sp. alone can increase the pod rot disease infections. Therefore, its application on the cocoa plantations should be integrated with the pod sleeving.

Aktivitas Repelensi dan Insektisidal Beberapa Ekstrak dan Minyak Nabati terhadap Hama Gudang Ephestia cautella Samsudin Samsudin; Funny Soesanthy; Syafaruddin Syafaruddin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n2.2016.p117-126

Ephestia cautella is one type of storage pests that causes a decrease in cocoa bean quality. Control of this pest using chemical insecticides is not recommended because it is harmful to the environment and consumer health. The research aimed to examine the repellency and insecticidal activity of several types of extract and botanical oil against E. cautella larvae. The research was conducted in the Plant Protection Laboratory, Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, from March to November 2012. Botanical materials used were water extracts from Ageratum conyzoides leaves, Azadirachta indica seeds, and Allium sativum tubers, as well as oil from Reutalis trisperma, Syzygium aromaticum, and Andropogon nardus, with respective concentration of 0.5%. The insects test used was the 3rd instar larvae generated in the laboratory. Preliminary testing of the repellency activity was performed used the multiple-choice method, while subsequent testing used the dual-choice method with the parameters of larvae number remains in each treatment until 72 hours. The insecticidal activity was conducted using residual method on the feed substitute, by calculating mortality rate of the test insects. Observations were made at 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment. The results showed that water extract from A. sativum bulbs and A. conyzoides leaves have high repellency percentage on the E. cautella larvae, i.e. of 81.33% and 78.67%, respectively. Thus, these two vegetable extracts have the potential to be used as cocoa bean protectant from storage pest attacks. The extracts from A. indica seed, A. sativum bulbs, as well as oil from R. trisperma and S. aromaticum showed insecticidal properties that are able to kill E. cautella larvae.

Keefektifan Paket Teknologi Pengendalian Penggerek Buah Kakao (PBK) di Provinsi Bali Gusti Indriati; Samsudin Samsudin; Rubiyo Rubiyo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n1.2013.p65-70

Hama penggerek buah kakao (PBK) (Conopomorpha cramerella Snell.) merupakan hama utama yang menyerang hampir seluruhperkebunan kakao di Indonesia, termasuk Bali. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan paket teknologi yang efektif untukmengendalikan PBK. Penelitian dilakukan pada areal kakao di kelompok Subak Abian Puncaksari, Kabupaten Tabanan, Provinsi Balidari tahun 2006 sampai 2009. Paket teknologi pengendalian PBK yang diuji ialah: P0 (teknologi petani), P1 (panen sering +penyarungan buah muda + pemangkasan), P2 (panen sering + pemangkasan + Beauveria bassiana), dan P3 (panen sering +pemangkasan + penyarungan buah muda + Beauveria basiana) dengan 5 ulangan. Setiap paket diintroduksikan kepada masing-masing 5petani pada lahan 0,5 ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paket teknologi P1 dan P3 merupakan paket teknologi pengendalianPBK yang efektif menurunkan tingkat dan intensitas serangan PBK dan menekan kehilangan hasil sampai 0%.Kata Kunci: Kakao, Conopomorpha cramerella (Snell.), pengendalianThe cocoa pod borer (CPB) caused by Conopomorpha cramerella (Snell.) is one of major pests having attacked almost all cocoa plantations inIndonesian, including Bali. The aim of this research was to find out of CPB control technology in Tabanan Regency, the province of Bali. The studywas conducted at the group of Subak Abian Puncaksari, province of Bali during 2006 until 2009. The CPB control technology packages tested are P0(farmer’s technologies), P1 (frequent harvesting + pods sleeving + pruning), P2 (frequent harvesting + pruning + Beauveria bassiana), P3 (frequentharvesting + pruning + pods sleeving + B. bassiana. Each package was applied to cocoa plantations of 5 farmers having of 0.5 ha each. The resultsindicated that P1 and P3 packages can reduce the rate and intensity of CPB attack and reduce losses 0 percent.

Evaluasi Jamur Antagonis dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Rigidoporus microporus Penyebab Penyakit Jamur Akar Putih pada Tanaman Karet Widi Amaria; Rita Harni; Samsudin Samsudin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v2n1.2015.p51-60

Rigidoporus microporus is a pathogen causing white root disease in rubber plants, which is very difficult to control. The use of antagonistic fungi is expected to control this pathogen because it has the inhibitory ability through the competition, antibiosis or parasitism mechanisms. The objective of this research was to evaluate ten antagonistic fungi in inhibiting the growth of R. microporus in vitro. The research was conducted from January to April 2013, in the Laboratory of Plant Protection, Indonesian Industrial Beverages Crop Research Institute (IIBCRI) Sukabumi. The research consisted of: (1) the growth rate of colony, (2) inhibition, (3) secondary metabolites, and (3) antagonistic mechanism. Each test using a completely randomized design. The antagonist fungi used are: Trichoderma virens, T. hamatum, T. amazonicum, Eupenicillium javanicum, Penicillium simplicissimum, P. citrinum, P. pinophilum, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Aspergillus fijiensis, and Hypocrea atroviridis (=T. atroviride), in which each of these fungi repeated 3 times. The results showed that the Trichoderma genus have inhibitory capability against R. microporus stronger than the others. Four genus of Trichoderma fungi have better competition mechanism against R. microporus compared to Penicillium, Eupenicillium, Paecilomyces, and Aspergillus. In addition, T. virens and H. atroviridis also have parasitism ability, while P. lilacinus and E. javanicum have antibiosis mechanism against R. microporus. The antagonistic fungi which were most potential to be developed as a biological control for white root disease, i.e.: T. virens, T. hamatum, and H. atroviridis.

Peranan Ekstrak Babadotan dan Bawang Putih serta Minyak Kemiri Sunan terhadap Serangan Penggerek Buah Kakao Funny Soesanthy; Samsudin Samsudin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n2.2013.p157-164

Penggerek buah kakao (PBK), Conopomorpha cramerella Snell. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), merupakan hama penting pada tanaman kakao yang menyebabkan penurunan hasil secara kualitas dan kuantitas. Salah satu usaha pengendalian PBK adalah menggunakan pestisida nabati karena bersifat ramah lingkungan dan tidak membahayakan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh daun babadotan dan umbi bawang putih yang dilarutkan dengan air, etanol, metanol, dan heksan, serta minyak kemiri sunan [Reutalis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw] dalam melindungi buah kakao dari serangan PBK. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Januari-Desember 2012, bahan uji yang digunakan adalah babadotan-air (BA), babadotan-etanol (BE), babadotan-metanol (BM), babadotan-heksan (BH), bawang putih-air (PA), bawang putih-etanol (PE), bawang putih-metanol (PM), bawang putih-heksan (PH), minyak kemiri sunan (KS), pestisida kimia berbahan aktif λ-sihalotrin (kontrol negatif), dan air (kontrol positif). Pembuatan ekstrak bahan uji dilakukan di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar, Sukabumi, dan pengujian ekstrak dilakukan di perkebunan kakao PT Bumi Loka Swakarya, Sukabumi. Buah kakao berukuran sekitar 9 cm disemprot secara merata dengan masing-masing bahan uji telah dilarutkan dengan air hingga konsentrasi 1%. Penyemprotan dilakukan setiap bulan sebanyak 2 kali penyemprotan. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) 6 ulangan, setiap petak percobaan digunakan 10 buah kakao. Persentase buah yang terserang PBK dan tingkat kehilangan hasil diamati saat buah dipanen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyemprotan ekstrak PE konsentrasi 1% sebanyak dua kali dengan interval sebulan sekali dapat menurunkan kehilangan hasil sebesar 58,40% dengan nilai efikasi 63,01%. Dengan demikian ekstrak ini dapat dipakai sebagai salah satu bahan formula nabati untuk mengendalikan PBK.Kata Kunci: Pestisida nabati, penggerek buah kakao, bawang putih, babadotan, kemiri sunanCocoa pod borer (CPB), Conopomorpha cramerella Snell. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is an important pest of cocoa which can cause reduction in yield quality and quantity. One attempt of CPB control is application of botanical pesticides because it more friendly to environment and harmless to human health. The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of goat-weed leaves and garlic bulbs dissolved in water, ethanol, methanol, and hexane, respectively, as well as philippine tung [Reutalis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw] oil in protecting of cocoa pod from CPB infestation. The research was conducted in January-December 2012 using test materials of goat weed-water (BA), goat weed-ethanol (BE), goat weed-methanol (BM), goat weed-hexane (BH), garlic-water (PA), garlic-ethanol (PE), garlic-methanol (PM), garlic-hexane (PH), philippine tung oil (KS), chemical pesticide containing active ingredient of λ-sihalothrine (negative control), and water (positive control). Extracts of the test materials were made in the Laboratory Plant Protection, Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute. Meanwhile, field trial was conducted in the cocoa plantations of PT Bumi Loka Swakarya, Sukabumi. Cocoa pods measuring 9 cm was sprayed evenly with each of the test materials diluted in water to obtain a concentration of 1%. Spraying is done every month as much as 2 times spraying. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design (RBD) with 6 replications, and each plots consist of 10 cocoa pods observed. The percentage of CPB-infested pods and yield loss rate observed when the pods were harvested. The results showed that spraying in concentration 1% of PE extract twice with an interval of once a month can reduce yield loss up to 58,40% with a value efficacy of 63.01%. Thus, this extract can be used as an ingredient of botanical pesticide formula to control CPB.

Factors Affecting The Willingness to Pay of Farmers on Control Technology of Mosquito Bugs and Blister Blight in Tea Bedy Sudjarmoko; Abdul Muis Hasibuan; Dewi Listyati; Samsudin Samsudin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v2n1.2015.p21-28

Pengaruh Formula Bionematisida Bakteri Endofit Bacillus sp. terhadap Infeksi Nematoda Meloidogyne sp. pada Tanaman Kopi Rita Harni; Samsudin Samsudin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 3 (2015): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v2n3.2015.p143-150

Meloidogyne sp. is an important pathogen of coffee plant. Bacillus sp. is commonly used to control the nematode as it is environmentally friendly. The study aimed to determine the effect of endophytic bacteria Bacillus sp. PG76 formulated in the molasses, talc or compost on the infection of Meloidogyne sp. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, Sukabumi from December 2013 to May 2014. The experimental design was a completely randomized, 6 treatments and 10 replications of six months-old coffee plants. Six treatments were tested (Bacillus sp. PG76 formulated in molasses, compost, or talc; carbofuran; plant inoculated with the nematode only, and plant neither treated with the formula nor the nematode). Population of Bacillus sp. PG76 in each formula was 109 cfu/ml. Number of formulas applied per plant was 100 ml of molasses, 100 g of talc, or 100 g of compost. One week after the treatments, the plants were inoculated with 500 larvae-2 Meloidogyne sp. Parameters observed were the number of gall, nematode population in the roots and soil, and the coffee plant growth. The results showed that all the treatments (molasses, compost, and talc) suppressed the population of Meloidogyne sp. The best formulas were molasses and compost that reduced the nematode infection up to 74.0% and 73.2%, respectively, similar to that of carbofuran (i.e. 73.3%). Furthermore, application of the formulas increased coffee plant growth. The study suggests that Bacillus sp. PG76 formulation is prospective to control the nematode.

Potensi Asap Cair sebagai Insektisida Nabati Penggerek Buah Kopi Hypothenemus hampei Gusti Indriati; Samsudin Samsudin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 5, No 3 (2018): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v5n3.2018.p123-134

Coffee berry borer (CBB) is the main pest of coffee plants. This pest is difficult to control as it attacks coffee fruit on the tree, multiplies inside the fruit and stays till storage. The study aimed to determine the potential liquid smoke from plant waste to control CBB. The research was conducted at Plant Protection Laboratory (IIBCRI), from January to December 2016. The liquid smokes made from cacao pod husks, sawdust, coconut shells, and rice husks. Phytochemical content of liquid smokes was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using gas cromatografy mass spectrometry (GCMS). Toxicity analysis was carried out by residual and contact methods at concentrations of 1%; 1.5%; 2%; 2.5%; controls (aquades), and chlorpyrifos insecticide (2 ml/l) as comparison. Each treatment used 15 H. hampei imagos, repeated 3 times. Mortality parameters were observed at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after treatment (HAT). To investigate antifeedance, 10 coffee fruits were infested with 20 imagos in plastic containers, repeated 3 times and parameters observed were the number of holes at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days after infestation. The results showed that the largest component in liquid smoke presumably functioned as insecticides are Benzenesulfonic acid 4-hydroxy and Acetic acid. All liquid smokes tested were toxic to CBB imagos. The highest CBB mortalities occurred after liquid smoke treatment from coconut shell at concentrations of 2.5% by 48.87%, attack rate was only 20%, decreased 70%. Liquid smoke from coconut shell is the most potential as botanical insecticide to control CBB.

Pengaruh Minyak dan Ekstrak Tanaman terhadap Perkecambahan Uredospora dan Intensitas Serangan Hemileia vastatrix Rita Harni; Efi Taufik; Samsudin Samsudin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 5, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v5n2.2018.p67-76

Rust disease caused by fungus Hemileia vastatrix is a major disease of Arabica coffee, which reduces yield by 20%–70%. Botanical fungicide is a potential alternative because environmentally friendly and safe to humans health. The research aimed to analyze the effect of oils and extracts of fungicidal plants on uredospore germination and attack intensity of H. vastatrix. The research was conducted in laboratory and greenhouse of Indonesian Industrial and Beverages Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, from January to December 2016. The plant oils were of cloves, citronella, Reutealis trisperma, and neem, while the plant extracts used were mahogany, Ageratum conyzoides, and wood vinegar. Those oils and extracts were assessed on uredospores germination of H. vastatrix, both in vitro and on coffee seedlings in the greenhouse. A complete randomized block design was used with 9 treatments and 5 replications. The oils and extracts at 5% concentration were applied on coffee leaves of 6 months old plants then inoculated with H. vastratrix uredospora simultaneously. Attack symptoms, incubation period, attack percentage and intensity were observed. The results showed that plant oils and extracts used in present study effectively reduced the uredospora germination of H. vastatrix. However, oils of neem and R. trisperma as well as A. conizoides extract are more potential to suppress H. vastatrix infection in coffee leaves in greenhouse and reduced attack intensity from 22.2% to 3.6%; 5.2%; and 7.6% with inhibitory level at 83.8%; 76.6%; and 65.8%, respectively. Therefore, they are considered as potential biocontrols for rust disease.

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