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Pemanfaatan Agens Hayati Endofit untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Kuning pada Tanaman Lada Rita Harni; Abdul Munif
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 3 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n3.2012.p201-206

Penyakit kuning merupakan penyakit penting pada tanaman lada di Indonesia. Kerugian akibat serangan penyakit kuning dapat menurunkan produksi sampai 32%. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh penggunaan agens hayati dari kelompok bakteri dan jamur endofit untuk mengendalikan penyakit kuning yang disebabkan oleh Meloidogyne incognita, Radopholus similis pada tanaman lada. Penelitian dilakukan di kebun lada petani di daerah Petaling, Bangka. Bakteri endofit yang digunakan merupakan isolat endofit yang diisolasi dari akar tanaman lada dan beberapa isolat bakteri dan jamur endofit koleksi yang potensinya telah diuji. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) 7 perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan. Tanaman lada percobaan berumur 15 bulan diperlakukan dengan isolat endofit (MER7, AA2, ANIC, TT2, dan TRI) dan nematisida karbofuran digunakan sebagai pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan agens hayati endofit dapat menekan kejadian penyakit kuning dan populasi nematoda di dalam akar. Selain itu perlakuan agens hayati endofit dapat meningkatkan jumlah bunga per ruas dan bobot basah lada pada panen I. Isolat yang paling potensial adalah ANIC dan TRI (Trichoderma), yang keefektifannya sama dengan nematisida kimia karbofuran. The Use of Endophytic Biological Agents to Control of Yellow Disease in Black PepperABSTRACT There are increasingly efforts to control the yellow disease in black pepper through application of biological agents endophytic along with the dangers of pesticide uses and awareness of environmentally friendly agriculture. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of endophytic biological agents (bacteria and fungi) on the disease caused by nematodes of M. incognita and R. smilis. The study was conducted on the farmer garden located at Petaling, Bangka. A randomized complete block design with 7 treatments and 5 replications was used in this study. The black peppers were treated with endophytic isolates (MER7, AA2, ANIC, TT2, TRI) and carbofuran, chemical nematicide, as control (not treated). The endophytic agents used in this study were isolated from roots of black pepper and some selected endophytic collections. The results showed that some endophytic agents were able to suppress the incidence of yellow disease and nematode populations in the roots, and increase in the number of flowers and fresh weight of black pepper berry. The promising isolates being able to control the disease are ANIC and TRI (Trichoderma) on which their effectiveness are similar to the carbofuran.

Keefektifan Minyak Cengkeh, Serai Wangi, dan Ekstrak Bawang Putih terhadap Penyakit Vascular Streak Dieback (Ceratobasidium theobromae) Pada Kakao Rita Harni; Baharuddin Baharuddin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 3 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v1n3.2014.p167-174

Ceratobasidium theobromae merupakan patogen penyebab penyakit vascular streak dieback (VSD) pada tanaman kakao, dapat menurunkan produksi bahkan kematian tanaman. Penyakit ini sulit dikendalikan karena berada dalam jaringan pembuluh. Penelitian bertujuan menguji keefektifan minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi serta ekstrak bawang putih terhadap C. theobromae penyebab penyakit VSD. Penelitian telah dilakukan pada perkebunan kakao rakyat hasil sambung samping berumur 2 tahun yang terserang penyakit VSD di Desa Andomesinggo, Kecamatan Besulutu, Kabupaten Konawe, Sulawesi Tenggara dari bulan April sampai Desember 2013. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok (RAK) 6 perlakuan dengan 6 ulangan, masing-masing perlakuan diamati 15 tanaman. Perlakuannya adalah minyak cengkeh, serai wangi, cengkeh + serai wangi, ekstrak bawang putih, fungisida kimia ditiokarbamat (sebagai pembanding) dan kontrol (tanpa perlakuan). Ekstrak dan minyak diaplikasikan setiap bulan dengan konsentrasi 5 ml/l, dengan cara menyemprotkan suspensi ke seluruh bagian tanaman (250 ml/pohon). Pengamatan gejala serangan, perkembangan penyakit, persentase dan intensitas serangan dilakukan setiap bulan, sedangkan tingkat keefektifan fungisida nabati dihitung pada akhir pengamatan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan minyak cengkeh, serai wangi, dan bawang putih dapat menurunkan persentase dan intensitas serangan penyakit VSD pada tanaman kakao. Persentase penurunan intensitas serangan terbesar dan nyata diperoleh pada perlakuan minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi, masing-masing 38,6% dan 31,6% dan keduanya potensial digunakan sebagai fungisida nabati untuk mengendalikan penyakit VSD.Kata kunci: Kakao, VSD, minyak cengkeh, minyak serai wangi, ekstrak bawang putihVascular streak dieback disease caused by Ceratobasidium theobromae is a major disease that causes yield loss and even kill a mature cocoa tree. This disease is difficult to control due to located inside the vascular tissue. The objective of this research was to study the antifungal activity of clove oil, citronella oil and garlic extract against C. theobromae causing VSD disease. The research was carried out at cocoa plantations which derived from side grafting and attacked by VSD disease in Andomesinggo Village, Besulutu District, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, from April to December 2013. The design used in this study was a randomized block design with 6 treatments and 6 replications, each treatment consisted of 15 plants. The treatments used were clove oil, citronella, clove + citronella, garlic extract, chemical fungicide (as a comparison) and control (without treatment). The extracts and oil applied every month at a concentration of 5 ml/l, by spraying the suspension onto all parts of the plant (250 ml/tree). Observation of attack symptoms, progression of the disease, the percentage and intensity of the attacks were carried out every month, whereas the level of effectiveness of botanical fungicides is calculated at the end of experiment. The results showed that clove oil, citronella and garlic extract can reduce the percentage and intensity of VSD disease attacks on cocoa plant. The highest percentage of the reduction of disease intensity were obtained in the use of clove oil and citronella at about 38.6% and 31.6% respectively, and both of them are potential to be used as botanical fungicide to control VSD disease.

Keefektifan Trichoderma viride TNU dalam Menghambat Infeksi Phytophthora palmivora pada Kakao Samsudin Samsudin; Rita Harni; Efi Taufik
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 5, No 1 (2018): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v5n1.2018.p39-48

Phytophthora palmivora is a pathogenic fungus that causes pod rot and stem cancer in cacao plant. This pathogen was difficult to control because it survives in the form of mycelium and chlamydospores in infected plant parts or in soil. Trichoderma viride is expected to inhibit the growth and development of this pathogen. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of T. viride in inhibiting P. palmivora infection on cacao, conducted at Plant Protection Laboratory and Greenhouse of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi from March to December 2014. The T. viride TNU isolates used was purified and propagated in the laboratory. The T. viride inhibition against P. palmivora growth and development was tested in vitro on potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) and in vivo on infected cacao pods and seedlings. The parameters observed were percentage of inhibition on PDA and the disease progression on infected pods and seedlings. The results showed that T. viride inhibited the growth of P. palmivora with inhibition percentage up to 68.60%, a strong antagonist for P. palmivora on PDA and reduced P. palmivora infection on seedlings in the greenhouse. Applications of T. viride 3 days before or after inoculation with P. palmivora was able to protect cacao seedlings in polybags, respectively by 60% and 45%. However, T. viride has not been able to hinder the development of pod rot disease on cacao.

Evaluasi Bakteri Endofit untuk Pengendalian Nematoda Pratylenchus coffeae pada Tanaman Kopi Rita Harni; Khaerati Khaerati
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n2.2013.p109-116

Bakteri endofit adalah bakteri yang hidup dalam jaringan tanaman dan memberikan efek yang baik pada tanaman, dapat diisolasi dari akar, batang, daun, dan buah. Penelitian isolasi, seleksi, dan potensi bakteri endofit untuk mengendalikan nematoda Pratylenchus coffeae pada tanaman kopi telah dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar dari bulan Januari sampai Desember 2012. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi isolat bakteri endofit yang potensial untuk mengendalikan nematoda pada tanaman kopi. Bakteri endofit diisolasi dari akar pertanaman kopi dari daerah Jawa Barat (KP. Pakuwon, Sukabumi, Garut, dan Pengalengan) dan Lampung (KP. Natar, KP. Cahaya Negeri, dan Liwa) menggunakan metode sterilisasi permukaan. Selanjutnya bakteri endofit diseleksi antagonismenya terhadap nematoda dan kemampuan memicu pertumbuhan tanaman. Hasil isolasi bakteri endofit dari akar kopi diperoleh 442 isolat dengan kerapatan populasi bakteri endofit 5x103–5,77x106 cfu/g berat basah akar. Dari 422 isolat yang diuji, 50 isolat (12,3%) di antaranya adalah isolat yang antagonis, 60 isolat (14,21%) terbukti dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. Hasil pengujian in vitro dan in vivo di rumah kaca diperoleh 3 isolat yang potensial menekan nematoda P. coffeae dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman kopi, yaitu PG132, PG76, dan LW15.Kata Kunci: Kopi, isolasi, seleksi, potensi, bakteri endofit, nematoda, Pratylenchus coffeaeEndophytic bacteria are bacteria that live inside plant tissues and give a good effect on the plant, and can be isolated from the roots, stems, leaves, and fruit. Isolation, selection and potential of endophytic bacteria to control nematodes (Pratylenchus coffeae) on coffee plant had been carried out in the Laboratory and Greenhouse of Research Institute for Industrial and Beverage Crops from January to December 2012. The objectives of the study was to evaluate the potential of endophytic bacterial isolates to control nematodes in coffee plants. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from coffee root crops samples from several areas in West Java (KP. Pakuwon, Sukabumi, Garut, Pengalengan) and Lampung (KP. Natar, KP. Cahaya Negeri and Liwa). Furthermore, the isolates were selected their antagonistic activities and plant growth coffeae plant. A total of 442 isolates endophytic bacteria was obtained from coffee root with a population density of 5x103–5.77x106 cfu/g of fresh weight roots, as many as 50 (12.3%) isolates performed antagonis on nematodes, 60 isolat (14.21%) isolates stimulated the growth of coffeae plant. Result in vitro and in vivo test, there were 3 potential endophytic bacterial isolates, namely PG132, PG76, and LW15, effective to control P. coffeae and increase the coffee growth.

Evaluasi Jamur Antagonis dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Rigidoporus microporus Penyebab Penyakit Jamur Akar Putih pada Tanaman Karet Widi Amaria; Rita Harni; Samsudin Samsudin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v2n1.2015.p51-60

Rigidoporus microporus is a pathogen causing white root disease in rubber plants, which is very difficult to control. The use of antagonistic fungi is expected to control this pathogen because it has the inhibitory ability through the competition, antibiosis or parasitism mechanisms. The objective of this research was to evaluate ten antagonistic fungi in inhibiting the growth of R. microporus in vitro. The research was conducted from January to April 2013, in the Laboratory of Plant Protection, Indonesian Industrial Beverages Crop Research Institute (IIBCRI) Sukabumi. The research consisted of: (1) the growth rate of colony, (2) inhibition, (3) secondary metabolites, and (3) antagonistic mechanism. Each test using a completely randomized design. The antagonist fungi used are: Trichoderma virens, T. hamatum, T. amazonicum, Eupenicillium javanicum, Penicillium simplicissimum, P. citrinum, P. pinophilum, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Aspergillus fijiensis, and Hypocrea atroviridis (=T. atroviride), in which each of these fungi repeated 3 times. The results showed that the Trichoderma genus have inhibitory capability against R. microporus stronger than the others. Four genus of Trichoderma fungi have better competition mechanism against R. microporus compared to Penicillium, Eupenicillium, Paecilomyces, and Aspergillus. In addition, T. virens and H. atroviridis also have parasitism ability, while P. lilacinus and E. javanicum have antibiosis mechanism against R. microporus. The antagonistic fungi which were most potential to be developed as a biological control for white root disease, i.e.: T. virens, T. hamatum, and H. atroviridis.

Pengaruh Dosis dan Frekuensi Aplikasi Biofungisida Trichoderma terhadap Infeksi Rigidoporus microporus pada Benih Karet Widi Amaria; Rita Harni; Edi Wardiana
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 5, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v5n2.2018.p49-58

Biological agents Trichoderma virens and T. amazonicum have been developed and examined for their effectiveness through in vitro and in vivo approaches against Rigidoporus microporus, the cause of white root disease (WRD) in rubber. The effectiveness of these bio-agents can be determined by testing the dosage and frequency of Trichoderma spp. biofungicide application. The research aimed to investigate the effective dose and application frequency of Trichoderma spp. biofungicide on R. microporus infection in rubber seedling. The experiment was conducted in laboratory and screen house of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, from June to December 2014. A randomized block design was used with 14 treatments and 3 replications, i.e biofungicide combination (T. virens and T. amazonicum), dosage (25, 50, and 75 g), application frequencies (1 and 2 times application), and two controls (positive and negative). Rubber seedlings used were propellegitiem seeds of GT1 clone planted in polybags. Trichoderma spp. was multiplied using fermentation method in liquid medium, whereas biofungicide was formulated using talc as carrier. Observed variables including Trichoderma spp. population number, incubation period, attack intensity, and WRD attack suppression. The results showed that T. virens and T. amazonicum biofungicides with 50 g/plant dose at one application was the most effective and efficient in suppressing R. microporus development on rubber seedlings. The type, dosage, and frequencies of application increased Trichoderma spp. population in soil, prolonged the pathogen’s incubation period, decreased WRD attack intensity, and suppress the attack of WRD disease.

Keefektifan Beberapa Formula Fungisida Nabati Eugenol dan Sitronella terhadap Phytophthora palmivora Bult. Asal Kakao Rita Harni; Widi Amaria; Supriadi Supriadi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n1.2013.p11-18

Phytophthora palmivora merupakan patogen utama pada tanaman kakao di seluruh dunia. Akibat serangan patogen ini menyebabkan kerugian sebesar 25-50%. Pengendalian patogen ini masih mengandalkan fungisida sintetik yang dikhawatirkan berbahaya bagi manusia dan lingkungan. Fungisida nabati yang mengandung minyak atsiri, merupakan alternatif pengendalian yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh formula eugenol, sitronella, asam salisilat dan silikon terhadap pertumbuhan P. palmivora. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar dari Maret sampai Agustus 2012. Minyak cengkeh (CK), serai wangi (SW), asam salisilat (AS) dan silikon cair (SI) digunakan sebagai bahan utama pembuatan formula. Formula yang diuji, yaitu (1) Eugenol, (2) Sitronella, (3) CK+SW, (4) SW+SI, (5) SW+AS, (6) CK+SI, dan (7) CK+AS. Percobaan dirancang secara acak lengkap dengan 5 ulangan. Pengujian formula terhadap pertumbuhan P. palmivora in vitro dilakukan dengan menginokulasikan potongan agar berisi kultur jamur pada permukaan PDA yang mengandung formula, sedangkan pengujian formula pada buah dan bibit kakao diuji di rumah kaca. Kadar fenol dan lignin dalam jaringan daun bibit kakao dianalisis untuk mengetahui mekanisme pertahanan tanaman terhadap infeksi patogen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua formula yang diuji menghambat pertumbuhan dan biomassa P. palmivora pada kondisi in vitro, dan perkembangan gejala penyakit pada buah serta bibit kakao. Formula eugenol + asam salisilat mampu menghambat total pertumbuhan dan bioassay patogen pada media PDA, menekan perkembangan penyakit 65,2% pada buah dan 66,25% pada bibit, serta meningkatkan kadar senyawa fenol dan lignin dalam jaringan daun.Kata Kunci: Kakao, Phytophthora palmivora, eugenol, sitronella, fungisida nabatiPhytophthora palmivora is a major pathogen of cacao plants on the world. This pathogen caused 25-50% losses. The pathogen is commonly controlled with synthetic fungicide uses which may hazard for human and environment if used unwisely. Botanical fungicides containing essential oils offer more environmentally friendly control method. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of seven botanical fungicide formulas containing clove oil and citronella oil on P. palmivora. The study was conducted in the Laboratory and Greenhouse of the Indonesian Research Institute for Industrial and Beverage Crops from March to August 2012. A randomized complete designed with five replicates was used. Seven formulas tested were: (1) eugenol (CK), (2) citronella (SW), (3) CK+SW, (4) SW+ silicone (SI), (5) SW+salycilic acid (AS), (6) CK+SI, dan (7) CK+AS. The effects of formulas on growth and biomass of P. palmivora in vitro were tested by culturing the pathogen on solid PDA medium whereas its effect on disease developments was tested by inoculating cacao pods on fruits and seedlings. In addition, the phenol and lignin contents in the inoculated seedlings were assessed to support disease inhibition mechanism. The results showed that all the formulas tested inhibited the growth and biomass of P. palmivora in vitro. The highest inhibition was shown by the formula of clove oil mixed with salicylic acid. Disease developments on inoculated cocoa pods and seedlings reduced of 66.25% and 65.2% respectively, and increased levels of lignin and phenol in the leaves.

Ketahanan Pohon Induk Kopi Liberika terhadap Penyakit Karat Daun (Hemileia vastatrix B. Et Br.) di Kepulauan Meranti Rita Harni; Efi Taufiq; Budi Martono
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v2n1.2015.p35-42

Leaf rust disease caused by Hemileia vastatrix is considered as the most devastating disease in coffee plants due to it can kill the plants. The objective of this research was to determine the resistance of Liberica coffee derived from Kepulauan Meranti against leaf rust disease (H. vastatrix) that will be used as a composite variety. The research was conducted in Kedabu Rapat Village, Rangsang Pesisir Sub-district, Kepulauan Meranti in 2013 and 2014. Observations were carried out at farmer field in an area of 170 ha toward Liberica coffee that previously has been selected. Leaf rust resistance can be observed on the leaves of each selected Liberica coffee tree. The observed parameters were attack symptoms and disease intensity index (IIP). The disease intensity index (IIP) refers to the score of infected plants, i.e.: 0 = immune, 1%–29% = resistant, 30%–49% = moderate resistant, 50%–69% = moderate susceptible and 70%–100% = susceptible. The observation result on 106 selected Liberica coffee trees against H. vastatrix showed 90 trees (84.90%) were resistant, 14 trees (13.1%) were moderate resistant, and one tree (0.9%) was susceptible. The resistance of Liberica coffee is known quite stable during two years of observation.

Seleksi dan Identifikasi Jamur Antagonis Sebagai Agens Hayati Jamur Akar Putih Rigidoporus microporus pada Tanaman Karet Widi Amaria; Efi Taufiq; Rita Harni
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n1.2013.p55-64

Jamur akar putih (Rigidoporus microporus) merupakan patogen utama pada tanaman karet yang sulit pengendaliannya karenamempunyai struktur bertahan dalam tanah (klamidospora). Pengendalian hayati dengan jamur antagonis sangat potensial digunakanuntuk mengendalikan patogen tular tanah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri danPenyegar, mulai Februari sampai Juli 2012 dengan tujuan untuk menyeleksi dan mengidentifikasi jamur antagonis yang potensialmengendalikan patogen R. microporus pada tanaman karet. Penelitian terdiri dari dua tahap, yaitu (1) pengambilan sampel padabeberapa perkebunan karet di daerah Lampung, Sumatera Selatan, Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Barat dan (2) isolasi, seleksi, karakterisasimorfologi dan identifikasi di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar. Hasil isolasi jamurantagonis dari rizosfer dan akar tanaman karet diperoleh 209 isolat. Berdasarkan persentase daya hambat terseleksi 12 isolat antagonis,yaitu 8 isolat rizosfer (Trichoderma virens, 2 isolat Trichoderma hamatum, 2 isolat Trichoderma amazonicum, Penicillium pinophilum,Paecilomyces lilacinus, dan Aspergillus fijiensis), dan 4 isolat endofit (Eupenicillium javanicum, Penicillium simplicissimum, Penicillium citrinum,dan Hypocrea atroviridis). Kedua belas isolat tersebut merupakan jamur antagonis potensial untuk mengendalikan penyakit JAP padakaret.Kata Kunci: Rigidoporus microporus, seleksi, identifikasi, jamur antagonisWhite root disease caused by Rigidoporus microporus is the main pathogen in rubber growing. The diseases is hard to be controlled because of itschlamydospore in soil. The use of antagonistic fungi is a potential approach being able to control the soil borne disease. A study was established atlaboratory of The Indonesian Research Institute for Industrial and Beverage Crops from February to July 2012. The objective of the study was to selectand identify some antagonistic fungi which are able to control R. microporus in rubber. The steps of study conducted were (1) collecting of soilsamples (as sources of antagonistic fungi) taken from several rubber plantations in Lampung, South Sumatra, Central Java and West Java, and (2)isolation, selection, and identification of morphological characteristics of the isolates at the Plant Protection Laboratory of The Research Institute.Results obtained 209 isolates of antagonistic fungi from rhizosphere and endophyte in rubber. There are 12-selected antagonistic isolates consisting of8 rhizosphere and 4 endophytic isolates. The rhizosphere isolates are Trichoderma virens, 2 isolates of Trichoderma hamatum, 2 isolates ofTrichoderma amazonicum, and one each of Penicillium pinophilum, Paecilomyces lilacinus, and Aspergillus fijiensis), whereas theendophytic isolates are Eupenicillium javanicum, Penicillium simplicissimum, Penicillium citrinum, and Hypocrea atroviridis of oneeach. The twelve isolates are antagonistic fungi in which the white root disease may be likely controlled.

Efektivitas Minyak Cengkeh, Nimba dan Kemiri Sunan, serta Ekstrak Babadotan Terhadap Penyakit Karat Daun Kopi (Hemileia vastatrix) Efi Taufiq; Gusti Indriati; Rita Harni; Dibyo Pranowo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 8, No 1 (2021): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v8n1.2021.p1-8

Leaf rust disease (Hemileia vastatrix) is commonly controlled using synthetic fungicides. Plant oils and extracts are expected to reduce the pathogen. The research aimed to determine the effectiveness of clove, Reutealis trisperma, and neem oils, and Ageratum conyzoides extract against H. vastatrix. The study was conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute and smallholder coffee plantation in Garut, West Java, from January to December 2018. The A. conyzoides were extracted in the laboratories. Plant oils and extract's effectiveness was tested in vitro against the germination of urediniospore and in a greenhouse to inhibit disease development. The in vitro experiment were evaluated the eight concentrations of extract and oil were: 0 (steril water), 250, 500, 1000, 1500, 3000, and 5000 ppm. Whereas, in the greenhouse experiments used three concentrations of 1000, 2500, and 5000 ppm of the extract and oil, and 2000 ppm of Mankozeb (positive control). The greenhouse test was carried out on Arabica coffee plants, completely randomized design and five replications. The number of spots, disease intensity, and plant growth were examined periodically. The results showed that all of the the extract and oil inhibited the urediniospores germination, and the most effective concentrations were 500 ppm, 3000 ppm, and 5000 ppm. A. conyzoides extract, and clove oil effectively suppressed the infection of H. vastatrix by 75.99% and 64.00%, respectively, and comparable to the synthetic fungicide (68.00%).

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