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All Journal STUDIA ISLAMIKA E-SOSPOL Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Global Strategis Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Journal of South East Asian Human Rights Jurnal Entitas Sosiologi Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Journal of Feminism and Gender Studies Intermestic: Journal of International Studies

Abubakar Eby Hara

Department Of International Relations, University Of Jember, Indonesia

Author-ID : 275095

Religion Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Pendekatan-Pendekatan Dalam Studi Demokrasi Di Asia Tenggara Dan Relevansinya Untuk Indonesia Hara, Abubakar E.
Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 4, No 1 (2000): Reformasi Kelembagaan Politik
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1.795 KB)

Democratization in Southeast Asian countries is often perceived as transforming the countries into a kind of Western liberal democracy. By using Indonesian case, this paper, however, shows that this perception does not reflect current complexities in political arena. The transition to democracy in Indonesia has both the elements of modern and traditional political cultures and institutions. The paper suggests that democratization is better seen from the process of adaptation and hybridization of the modenrn and traditional aspects of Indonesian politics.

Penolakan China terhadap Arbitrase Filipina atas Penyelesaian Klaim Laut China Selatan Amir, Firdaus; Yuniati, Sri; Hara, Abubakar Eby
e-Sospol Vol 4 No 2 (2017): Kelembagaan Pengelolaan Sampah Berbasis Komunitas
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract On January 22, 2013, the Philippines had submitted an arbitration proposal to the international court of arbitration. The proposal was intended to sue China's claim over the nine-dash line through the map which was considered to be an overlapping claim toward sovereignty of some countries in the South China Sea. China considered that the Philippine’s initiative in resolving these issues through arbitration was a wrong option. China also considered that the Philippines had broken up the consensus of Declaration on the Conduct (DOC) that took the initiative to solve the problems of the South China Sea through peaceful measures. Therefore, China had declared to refuse to participate in the one-sided tribunal. This research aimed to identify China’s reasons to refuse to participate in the arbitration court. The research applied literature research and interviews. The results showed that China refused to participate in the arbitration for two reasons. First, China believed its sovereignty of South China Sea. Second, China considered this one-sided justice would take it to defeat because the tribunal would only be based on different interpretations from the way of acquisition of China’s territorial sovereignty.

Krisis Kemanusiaan dan Upaya Thailand Mengatasi Gelombang Pengungsi Rohingya Ludfiani, Anifa; Hara, Abubakar Eby; Sunarko, Bagus Sigit
e-Sospol Vol 4 No 2 (2017): Kelembagaan Pengelolaan Sampah Berbasis Komunitas
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract Myanmar is a country which is highly vulnerable to ethnic conflict. It is a risk for Myanmar as a multiethnic country which has 135 ethnics. In 2012 and 2015, the worst intensity of the conflict was in Rakhine region. There was conflict between Rakhine Buddhist ethnic and Rohingya minority ethnic. This conflict caused 140,000 Rohingya people had to flee in 2012, and the number continued to increase as the continuation of the uprising, slaughter and expulsion carried out by Rakhine Buddhists ethnic. As a result, in 2012 to 2015, there was a wave of Rohingya refugees from Myanmar towards neighboring countries. The wave itself was out of control. One of the destination countries of Rohingya refugees was Thailand. This caused Thailand has the responsibility to provide humanitarian assistance in accordance with the principle of "responsibility to protect". However, Thailand efforts to overcome the wave of Rohingya refugees turned out not to be realized maximally as evidenced by the continuing Rohingya humanitarian crisis. Therefore, this study aims to determine what factors that caused Thailand could not realize the principle of Responsibility to Protect optimally. This study used qualitative descriptive and library research. The results showed that the realization of the responsibility to protect as an effort of Thailand to overcome the wave of Rohingya refugees Thailand could not be done optimally because Thailand as part of the international community was only responsible to encourage Myanmar to protect the Rohingya people, but the full sovereignty in this case belonged to Myanmar. On the other hand, Myanmar even was uncooperative and refused to take responsibility over cases of humanitarian crisis suffered by the Rohingya people.

Pembawa Pesan Terdepan: Diaspora Dalam Gastrodiplomasi Indonesia Trihartono, Agus; Purwowibowo, Purwowibowo; Santoso, Budi; Hara, Abubakar Eby
Jurnal ENTITAS SOSIOLOGI Vol 9 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Laboratorium Sosiologi FISIP Universitas Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/jes.v9i1.20786

This paper discusses the role of diaspora in Indonesian gastro-diplomacy. As a new country in culinary diplomacy, the role of the Indonesian diaspora is not dominant but not unimportant. The diaspora directly or not has popularized Indonesian food in foreign countries. Some of them have successfully managed Indonesian restaurants, although there are also some who are less successful. Learning from the experiences of countries already established in this culinary diplomacy such as India, China, Turkey and Vietnam, Indonesia needs to popularize more Indonesian food in many activities such as food festivals. In addition to this, the diaspora can increase the presence and visibility of Indonesian food through narratives in various printed and social media. Books and information on Indonesian cuisine, for example, are still very limited both in printed and digital media. In the current era, what is known as culinary fictions is one of the important aspects that can support gastro diplomacy.Keywords: Gastrodiplomacy, Diaspora, Indonesia Makalah ini membahas peran diaspora dalam gastro diplomasi Indonesia. Sebagai negara baru dalam diplomasi kuliner, peran diaspora Indonesia tidak dominan tetapi cukup penting. Diaspora secara langsung atau tidak telah mempopulerkan makanan Indonesia di luar negeri. Beberapa dari mereka telah berhasil mengelola restoran Indonesia, walaupun ada juga yang kurang berhasil. Belajar dari pengalaman negara-negara yang telah mapan dalam diplomasi kuliner ini seperti India, Cina, Turki dan Vietnam, Indonesia perlu mempopulerkan lebih banyak makanan Indonesia dalam banyak kegiatan seperti festival makanan. Selain itu, diaspora dapat meningkatkan kehadiran dan visibilitas makanan Indonesia melalui narasi di berbagai media cetak dan sosial. Buku dan informasi tentang masakan Indonesia, misalnya, masih sangat terbatas baik di media cetak maupun digital. Di era saat ini, apa yang dikenal sebagai fiksi kuliner adalah salah satu aspek penting yang dapat mendukung gastro diplomasi.Kata kunci: Gastrodiplomasi, Diaspora, Indonesia

Keputusan Filipina Membuka Kembali Pangkalan Militer Amerika Serikat Melalui Perjanjian Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) Tahun 2014 Setiawan, Nur Ardi; Sunarko, Bagus Sigit; Hara, Abubakar Eby
e-Sospol Vol 8 No 1 (2021): Concept and Cooperation
Publisher : University of Jember

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The Philippines and the United States have been in a long relationship. The Philippines for the United States is an important ally in maintaining the stability of the Asia Pacific region. Post-independence granted by the United States to the Philippines in 1946, the two countries have carried out various military cooperation. One of them is the rental cooperation used by the United States military as their military base in the Asia Pacific region. These plans are Subic and Clark. In 1991 the land lease agreement used by the United States as their military base had to be stopped by the Philippine Government.. In 2014, the Philippines accepted an agreement to strengthen military defense with the United States. The agreement was named Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA). The agreement discussed bringing back the presence of US troops in the Philippines by giving access to a number of military bases in the Philippines, one of which belongs to the United States.This study uses a qualitative descriptive method using secondary data. The process of collecting data is needed using library research techniques. The data used in this study is information about the 2014 EDCA agreement and cooperation between the Philippines and the United States in the field of military and regional security.the reason the Philippines reopened the US military base is to confront China in a border dispute in the South China Sea where the Philippines is unable to deal directly with China which has greater military power. Then the second reason is dealing with action terror in the southern Philippines region as a result of the rising wave of terrorism in the Asia Pacific.

Teologi Reformis, Rasional dan Neo-Modern dalam Konteks Pertarungan Wacana Teologi Islam di Indonesia Abubakar Eby Hara
Studia Islamika Vol 9, No 1 (2002): Studia Islamika
Publisher : Center for Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i1.678

Fauzan Saleh's book, on Islamic theological discourses in Indonesia shows the dynamism of Islamic thoughts and practices in Indonesia. From Saleh's description, we may conclude that there have been efforts among Moslem theologians to reform Islamic theological thoughts so that they can cope with progress and modernity. The book focuses on three main modern theological trends: reformist, rationalist and neo-modernist discourses. The reformist was represented by two organizations: Muhammadiyah and Persatuan Islam (Persis), which attempted to purify Islamic teachings among Indonesian Moslems. For the theologians from these organizations, some practices and teachings of Islam adopted by Moslems did not reflect the true spirits of Islam, and were heavily influenced by local traditions such as Hinduism.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i1.678

Book Review: Author: Al Khanif; Title: Religious Minorities, Islam, and The Law: International Human Rights and Islamic Law in Indonesia; Publisher: Routledge, 2021 Abubakar Eby Hara
Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights Vol 5 No 1 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Jember University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/jseahr.v5i1.24717

This book examines religious minority rights in Islam in Indonesia from the international and local human rights perspectives. Its main contribution lies in the effort to find Indonesia's uniqueness in managing minority rights in religion. This study leads the author to a rich discussion of how international human rights through its activists spread the need for freedom of every citizen and how advocates of religious orthodoxy respond to it. In contrast to analysts who use the dichotomous view of the acceptance or rejection of international human rights values, the author sees complexity in the process of spreading these values. It can be said that there is a process of modifying the values of secularism in human rights and localization to make these values an integral part of society. In this line of view, the author calls the Indonesian state a quasi-theistic secular state which means that Indonesia is a secular country but friendly and tries to guarantee freedom of religion and worship. In the case of minority rights in Islam, the state prioritizes harmony in society and supports the orthodox views of the majority. The minority view must be assimilated with the orthodox teachings of Islam to get a place to live. The quasi-theistic secular state continues to experience contestation and has undergone a long construction process based on the narration of the peaceful entry of Islam and the relatively moderate character of Indonesian Islam. At a certain level, this state concept has developed to be an identity and norms that become a reference for how to treat religious minorities. The author thus succeeded in showing that Indonesia is an example of a country that can develop its own identity and norms of religious life that are different from that of the Western secular state system.

The Limitation of United States Deterrence Strategy Towards North Korean Cyber Attacks Kukuh Ugie Sembodho; Agus Trihartono; Abubakar Eby Hara
Global Strategis Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Global Strategis
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Unair

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jgs.15.1.2021.149-166

This paper tries to discuss the development of cyberwar that threatens many countries by referring to the example of the North Korean cyberattack against the United States (US). Cyberattack is a relatively new phenomenon that many countries have not been able to anticipate adequately because it is difficult to track it down and also find the actors behind it. So far, countries have frequently accused each other of these attacks, but it is difficult to retaliate or anticipate due to unclear evidence. Unlike conventional warfare, no cyberattack warfare norms have been developed nor have there been any attempts in that direction. One thing that can be done in such a condition is the development of technology that is not only able to ward off the attack but, as stated in the theory of deterrence, can also provide a deterrent effect on the attacking country. By referring to the case of North Korea's attack on the US, we see that even a country as great as the US has not been able to develop a successful deterrence.Keywords: deterrence, cyberspace, cybersecurity, United States, North KoreaTulisan ini membahas mengenai perkembangan perang siber yang menjadi ancaman utama bagi banyak negara hari ini, dengan focus pada serangan siber Korea Utara kepada Amerika Serikat(AS). Serangan siber merupakan fenomena yang relative baru, sehingga banyak negara belum mampu untuk mengantisipasi hal tersebut karena sifatnya yang susah untuk dilacak dan susah untuk mengetahui actor dibalik serangan tersebut. Sejauh ini negara tertentu seringkali dituduh menjadi dalang serangan siber, namun bukti yang seringkali tidak jelas membuat langkah antisipasi atau retaliasi menjadi sulit. Berbeda dengan perang konvensional, hingga saat ini belum ada norma serangan siber yang terbangun, bahkan pembicaraan mengenai hal tersebut cenderung minim. Sejalan dengan hal itu maka dalam perang siber dibutuhkan pengembangan tekonologi yang tidak hanya mampu untuk menangkal serangan tapi juga memberikan efek deterrence bagi negara penyerang. Dengan merujuk pada kasus serangan siber Korea Utara kepada Amerika Serikat, kita dapat melihat bahwa negara sekuat Amerika sekalipun ternyata belum mampu membuat mekanisme deterrence dalam serangan siber.Kata-kata kunci: Deterrence, Ruang Siber, Keamanan Siber, Amerika Serikat, Korea Utara.

Public Services in Banyuwangi Regency, East Java, Indonesia in a Just and Civilized Humanity Perspective Hary Priyanto; Bambang Soepeno; Edy Wahyudi; Abubakar Eby Hara
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Vol 4, No 4 (2021): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute November
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v4i4.3494

The implementation of public services must be ideal and uphold the dignity of the target community. Dissatisfaction due to the phenomenon of convoluted and slow service, reprisals by bureaucrats, siding with the interests of the applicant is known, and "underhand" payments indicate that public services in Banyuwangi Regency seem rigid, "take advantage of public needs," and do not meet the needs of the community. The phenomenon of service pathology can reduce the utilization of service facilities and trust in government performance.Bureaucrats must follow the principles of just and civilized humanity so thatplacing the community as the party served, not vice versa. Bureaucrats must guide public programs and provide clear pressure. The implementation of public services must be public oriented, not state oriented. Describe, analyze, and interpret the implementation of public services in Banyuwangi Regency according to perspectivejust and civilized humanity. Using a qualitative approach based on a constructive and participatory perspective. Primary data from interviews, secondary data from literature studies and regulations relevant to the object of research. Data analysis using the Atlas Ti 8.4.23, 2018. Public services in Banyuwangi Regency intersect with bureaucratic behavior that does not reflect the values of just and civilized humanity. Please just and civilized humanity important key in respecting the rights and obligations of the object and subject of service. Public service bureaucrats must be confident and consistent in the application of Pancasila values so that public services in Banyuwangi Regency remain effective despite experiencing an implementation deficit.

Persaingan Kekuasaan Antara India dan Cina : Dari Kekuasaan Militer Sampai Dengan Konflik Siber Refika Febrianti; Abubakar Eby Hara; Bagus Sigit Sunarko
Intermestic: Journal of International Studies Vol 6 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Padjadjaran

This article aims to analyze the development of power competition between China and India from military competition to cyberspace and the reasons why India in 2020 expanded this conflict area to cyberspace. This expansion of competition is marked by India's ban on Chinese mobile applications. The research was conducted using a qualitative research approach and literature study methods as well as the theory of Struggle for Power, Cyber power and cyber Sovereignity. The discussion of this paper shows the main reason why India brings conflict to cyberspace by banning Chinese mobile application was because India had to restrain China’s rising dominance in cyber power. The ban was come under a longstanding power and influence rivalry of both countries. India is tend to left behind and suffered several defeats in conventional millitary competition with China. Afterward, the cyber rivalry allows India to have an extensive opportunity in restraining China’s power. Keywords: China, cyber sovereignity, India, cyber conflict, struggle for power

Co-Authors Amir, Firdaus Bagus Sigit Sunarko Bambang Soepeno Djoko Susilo Dwi Budi Santoso Hary Priyanto Kukuh Ugie Sembodho Ludfiani, Anifa Luh Putu Ratna Sundari Nahlha Istatin Nurchaliza Purwowibowo Purwowibowo, Purwowibowo Refika Febrianti Setiawan, Nur Ardi Sri Yuniati Trihartono, Agus Yasinta Widya Prameswari

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