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Removal of Microorganisms in Drinking Water using Pulsed High Voltage Hazmi, Ariadi; Desmiarti, Reni; Waldi, Eka Putra; Darwison, D.
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 45, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (224.392 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2013.45.1.1

Abstract

A pulsed high voltage was used to remove microorganisms in drinking water. The effects of the pulsed high voltage on pH, conductivity, temperature and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) of the drinking water were investigated. The observed results show that the removal efficiency with respect to fecal coliforms and total coliforms increased with the increase of the pulsed high voltage. The removal efficiency for microorganisms such as fecal coliforms and total coliforms was in the range 25-100% and 44-100%, respectively, after the water was exposed to a pulsed high voltage of 5-10 kV for 60 minutes. An increase of the pulsed high voltage caused a decrease in the conductivity and ORP with operational time.
Preliminary Study on Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) by Sand Filtration-DBD Plasma System Hazmi, Ariadi; Desmiarti, Reni; Waldi, Eka Putra; Emeraldi, Primas
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 48, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (240.445 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2016.48.1.3

Abstract

In the palm oil industry, open ponding, aerobic and anaerobic digestion, physicochemical treatment and membrane filtration are generally applied as conventional treatments of palm oil mill effluent (POME). In this study, a sand filtration-dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system was investigated as an alternative process for treating POME. This system can reduce land usage, processing time and costs compared to conventional systems. The removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), and oil-grease in relation to the applied voltage were studied. Furthermore, the pH and temperature profiles were investigated. The obtained results indicate that the removal efficiency of COD, BOD5, and oil-grease increased with an increase of the applied voltage. The electrical energy consumption needed is about 10.56 kWh/L of POME.
Analisis Gelombang Elektromagnetik dan Seismik yang Ditimbulkan oleh Gejala Gempa Timor, Agus Rahmad; Andre, Hanalde; Hazmi, Ariadi
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 5, No 3: November 2016
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (631.412 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jnte.v5n3.297.2016

Abstract

Earthquakes are a natural phenomenon which is difficult to predict when and how it will happen. Effort is needed to minimize the risk of earthquakes, such as the observation of the early signs before an earthquake occurs (precursor). This study was conducted to observe earthquakes in West Sumatra in two ways. Observations eleketromagnetik waves utilizing radio waves from the two stations. The study also uses seismic wave sensors that are placed in the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Andalas. Based on the results of data processing of the transmission of radio waves, it is known that electromagnetic anomalies can be recorded by utilizing radio wave propagation. However, with the line of sight propagation cause a lot of loss propagation, and less effective in recording. For the recording of the earthquake through the seismic waves very well. The measurement results for the direction of the epicenter compared with the measurement result BMKG for some earthquakes end of 2013 were felt in the West Sumatra. The average error of measurement gained 9.6% since the phase delay is affected by the accuracy of the sensor device.Keywords: Earthquakes, Electromagnetic, SeismicAbstrak- Gempa bumi adalah fenomena alam yang sulit diprediksi kapan dan bagaimana akan terjadi. Diperlukan usaha untuk meminimalisir resiko gempa bumi, seperti pengamatan tanda tanda awal sebelum gempabumi terjadi (prekursor). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengamati kejadian gempa di Sumatera Barat melalui dua cara.  Pengamatan gelombang eleketromagnetik memanfaatkan gelombang radio dari dua stasiun. Penelitian juga menggunakan sensor gelombang seismic yang ditempatkan di jurusan Teknik Elektro, Universitas Andalas. Berdasar hasil pengolahan data dari transmisi gelombang radio, maka diketahui bahwa anomaly elektromagnetik  dapat direkam dengan memanfaatkan propagasi gelombang radio. Namun propagasi dengan line of sight banyak menimbulkan rugi-rugi propagasi, dan kurang efektif dalam perekaman. Untuk rekaman gempa melalui gelombang seismik sangat baik. Hasil pengukuran untuk arah pusat gempa dibandingkan dengan hasil pengukuran BMKG untuk beberapa kejadian gempa akhir tahun 2013 yang dirasakan di Sumatera Barat. Adapun error rata-rata pengukuran yang didapat 9.6% karena dipengaruhi oleh keakurasian delay phasa alat sensor.Kata kunci: Gempa bumi, Elektromagnetik, Seismik
Sistem Informasi Petir (SIP) Dengan Metode Lightning Distribution (LD) di Wilayah Sumatera Barat Kurniawan Vadreas, Andrew; Emeraldi, Primas; Hazmi, Ariadi
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 3, No 2: September 2014
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1833.812 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jnte.v3n2.83.2014

Abstract

This paper mapped 200 locations of lightning strikes in West Sumatra province. Mapping the location of lightning strikes as part of Lightning Information System  was designed with the method of Lightning Distribution (LD). To get the location of lightning strikes obtained from the calculation reflection of ionosphere method to determine the distance of a lightning strike from stations of lightning and methods of Magnetic Direction Finding (MDF) to get directions from the lightning strike. Direction data obtained processed to generate a lightning incident location, then that location will be displayed on Google Maps. After that in the process of Lightning Distribution method which is a form of lightning strike density mapping by using the "File Format" grid, where each grid was measured to be 1 x 1 km2 called the Local Density Flash (LFD). If there are multiple point strikes on the grid will change the color that is on the map fit how many number of strikes on the grid which is a Probabilistic computation Flash Density (PFD). The depiction of the scale of danger  lightning in the form of variations color changes at the point where the bolt of green color represents the minimum number density of lightning strikes that contains a single point and the red color represents the maximum number density of strikes which contains more than ten points strike. Based on the color distribution of lightning strikes and Payakumbuh Agam area has the highest rate of lightning strikes in the study period.Key words: reflection ionosphere, magnetic direction finding (MDF), lightning distribution, lightning information system, and google maps API. AbstrakPaper ini memetakan 200 lokasi sambaran petir di daerah Sumatera Barat. Pemetaan lokasi sambaran petir sebagai bagian dari Sistem Informasi Petir (SIP) dirancang dengan metode Lightning Distribution (LD). Lokasi sambaran petir diperoleh menggunakan metode refleksi ionosfer untuk mengetahui jarak sambaran petir dari stasiun pendeteksi petir dan metode Magnetic Direction Finding (MDF) untuk mendapatkan arah dari sambaran petir. Data arah kemudian diproses untuk menghasilkansuatulokasikejadianpetir, kemudian lokasitersebutakan ditampilkan pada Google Maps. Setelah itu di proses dengan metode Lightning Distribution yang merupakan bentuk pemetaan kerapatan sambaran petir dengan menggunakan “Format File grid”, dimana setiap grid diukur sebesar 1 x 1 km2 yang disebut dengan Local Flash Density (LFD). Jika terdapat beberapa titik sambaran pada satu grid akan merubah warna yang ada pada peta sesuai seberapa banyak jumlah sambaran pada satu grid yang merupakan perhitungan Probabilistic Flash Density (PFD). Penggambaran besarnya skala bahaya petir berupa variasi perubahan warna pada titik sambaran dimana warna hijau mewakili jumlah minimum kerapatan sambaran yang berisikan satu titik sambaran dan warna merah mewakili jumlah maximum kerapatan sambaran yang berisikan lebih dari sepuluh titik sambaran. Berdasarkan warna distribusi sambaran petir daerah Kabupaten Agam dan Payakumbuh memiliki tingkat sambaran petir tertinggi pada periode penelitian ini.Kata kunci :          refleksi ionosfer, magnetic direction finding (MDF), lightning distribution, sistem informasi petir, dangoogle maps API
Aplikasi Plasma Dengan Metoda Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Untuk Pengolahan Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit ., Yulastri; Hazmi, Ariadi; Desmiarti, Reni
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 2, No 2: September 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (363.608 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jnte.v2n2.85.2013

Abstract

The processing of palm oil into crude palm oil (CPO) produced palm oil mill effluent (POME) as many as 2500 l/ton of CPO. POME contains Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) average of 21,280 mg/l, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) average of 34,720 mg/l, fatty oils average of 3,075 mg/l and the average pH of 4. Wastewater treatment systems in the palm oil industry is the combination of physical processes such as sedimentation and biological processes, either anaerobic or aerobic. The weaknesses of conventional processing systems is a long processing time (10-90 days) and require extensive land area (± 6 times the total area of the factory). This study aims to provide an alternative method for POME treatment with plasma system through  Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD). The results showed removal efficiency for COD, BOD and fatty are 53%, 55 % and 40 % with the processing time of 4 hours, respectively. Beside, consumed energy was 7.2 kWh/l for voltage application of 19 kV.Keywords: oil palm wastewater, DBD plasma, compounds organics, energy consumptionAbstrakProses pengolahan kelapa sawit menjadi minyak sawit mentah atau Crude Palm Oil (CPO) menghasilkan limbah cair sawit sebanyak 2500 l/ton CPO. Limbah cair kelapa sawit ini mengandung Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) rata-rata sebesar 21.280 mg/l, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) rata-rata sebesar 34.720 mg/l, minyak lemak rata-rata sebesar 3.075 mg/l dan pH rata-rata sebesar 4. Sistem pengolahan limbah cair kelapa sawit di industri adalah dengan kombinasi proses fisik seperti sedimentasi dan proses biologi, baik secara anaerob atau aerob. Kelemahan dari sistem pengolahan konvensional adalah waktu pengolahan yang lama (10-90 hari) dan membutuhkan lahan yang sangat luas (± 6 kali dari luas areal pabrik). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan alternatif pengolahan limbah cair kelapa sawit dengan sistem plasma melalui metoda Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD). Hasil penelitian menunjukan efisiensi penghilangan COD sebesar 53%, BOD sebesar 55% dan minyak lemak 40% dengan waktu pengolahan 4 (empat) jam. Konsumsi energi yang dibutuhkan 7,2 kWh/l untuk tegangan pembangkitan 19 kV.     Keywords: oil palm wastewater, DBD plasma, compounds organics, energy consumption  
Disinfection Performance against Salmonella Typhi in Water by Radio Frequency Inductive Couple Plasma System Desmiarti, Reni; Hazmi, Ariadi; Li, Fusheng
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 49, No 6 (2017)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (340.975 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2017.49.6.3

Abstract

The disinfection performance of the radio frequency inductively coupled plasma (RFICP) system against Salmonella Typhi in water was examined using continuous flow experiments. The evaluation was based on disinfection efficiency, death rate constant, disinfection yield, and energy consumption. For all experiments the electromagnetic flux generated in the plasma reactor varied from 4 to 6 W/cm2. The disinfection efficiency and death rate constant of Salmonella Typhi decreased with the increase of the initial number of Salmonella Typhi bacteria. The disinfection yield increased from 784 to 1889 CFU/KWh and the energy consumption decreased from 0.28 to 0.07 KWh/L with the flowrate increasing from 5 to 20 mL/minute. The flowrate is an important parameter in predicting disinfection performance against pathogenic bacteria in water to design drinking water treatment plants.
Deteksi Lokasi Petir Dengan Metoda Magnetic Direction Finder Mulyadi, Syaifa; Hazmi, Ariadi
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 3, No 2: September 2014
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1956.508 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jnte.v3n2.77.2014

Abstract

Lightning dischare can cause destruction to the struck object and  the other object that feel electromagnetic field interference cause lightning.  Lightning process associatedwith movement of charge so that can be observed by measurement magnetic field. Two loop magnetic antena (north/south loop  perpendicular to west/east loop) use to determinethe direction of lightning flash. The principleis comparinheg t output voltage from each sensor. Each station will give angle valuestowardlightning.  Lightning location will get from calculate intersection of three line lightning magnetic field with use Magnetic Direction Finding (MDF) method. From 275 lightning data with record we get 20 data that have same time. From 20 data we get 3 lightning data that produce pointlocation oflightning. Three angulation of lightning location  than optimized, the result is a point of lightning location and we get site error from the angle of calculation result. Avarage percentation for station 1, station 2 and station 3 is 2,88 %, 2,58 %, 1,16 %.Keyword : lightning detection, magnetic direction finding (MDF), lighning location, site error. AbstrakSambaran petir dapat menimbulkan kerusakan pada objek yang disambar maupun pada objek lain yang mengalami interferensi gelombang elektromagnetik. Proses petir berhubungan dengan pergerakan muatan, sehingga dapat diamati melalui pengukuran medan magnet. Dua loop antena medan magnet (loop utara/selatan tegak lurus terhadap loop timur/barat) dapat digunakan untuk menentukan arah lokasi petir. Setiap stasiun akan memberikan nilai sudut arah lokasi petir. Lokasi terjadinya petir dapat diperoleh dengan menghitung titik perpotongan jalur medan magnet petir dari 3 titik sensor, dengan menggunakan metode Magnetic Direction Finding (MDF). Dari 275 data petir yang terekam pada ketiga stasiun, diperoleh 20 data petir dengan waktu kejadian yang sama. Selanjutnya dari 20 data petir pada masing-masing stasiun dengan waktu kejadian yang sama tersebut diperoleh 3 data petir yang menghasilkan triangulasi lokasi petir. Triangulasi lokasi petir dioptimasi sehingga menghasilkan titik lokasi petir, maka diperoleh nilai persimpangan sudut (site error) dari sudut hasil perhitungan.Hasil perhitungan menunjukan stasiun 1 memiliki site error terbesar karena pengaruh topografi. Persentase site error rata – rata stasiun 1, stasiun 2 dan stasiun 3 adalah 2,88 %, 2,58 % dan 1,16 %.Kata kunci:deteksi petir,magnetic direction findings(MDF), lokasi petir,site error
Teknologi Sistem Plasma Radio –Frekuensi (RF) Untuk Menghilangkan Bakteri Escherichia Coli Pada Air Minum Corio, Dean; Hazmi, Ariadi; Desmiarti, Reni
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 3, No 2: September 2014
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1477.682 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jnte.v3n2.78.2014

Abstract

Refill drinking water is a source of public drinking water in Indonesia, but the quality is not guaranteed. less optimal means of water treatment to remove pollutants in Drinking Water Refill (AMIU), especially for raw water containing total coliforms and fecal coliforms cause AMIU quality is uncontrolled. The use of radio frequency plasma technology on AMIU processing system can be used as a solution. Induced plasma system by radio frequency in water can form the active compound. The active compounds will react to microorganisms and causing microorganisms be reduced. In testing wastewater 35,000 MPN (100 %), with plasma frequency of 3,3 MHz, the bacteria can degrade to 6 % and with frequency of 3,7 MHz bacteria can degrade to 0,07 %. 23.000 MPN testing river water (100 %), with plasma frequency of 3,3 MHz setting can degrade the bacteria to 9 % and with 3,7 MHz frequency setting can degrade the bacteria to 6 %.Keyword : plasma, radio frequency, total coliform, fecal coliform AbstrakAir minum isi ulang merupakan salah satu sumber air minum masyarakat di Indonesia, namun kualitasnya tidak terjamin.  Kurang optimalnya alat pengolah air guna menghilangkan polutan produk pada Air Minum Isi Ulang (AMIU), terutama untuk air baku yang mengandung total coliforms maupun fecal coliforms menyebabkan kualitas AMIU tidak terkontrol dengan baik. Penggunaan teknologi plasma radio frekuensi pada sistem pengolahan AMIU bisa dijadikan solusi. Sistem plasma yang terinduksi melalui radio frekuensi pada air  dapat membentuk senyawa aktif. Senyawa aktif ini akan bereaksi terhadap mikroorganisme dan menyebabkan mikroorganisme mati. Pada pengujian air limbah 350.000 MPN (100 %), dengan frekuensi plasma 3,3 MHz dapat mendegradasi bakteri sampai 6 % dan dengan settingan frekuensi 3,7 MHz dapat mendegradasi bakteri hingga 0,07 %. Pada pengujian air sungai 23.000 MPN (100 %), dengan settingan frekuensi plasma 3,3 MHz dapat mendegradasi bakteri hingga 9 % dan dengan settingan frekuensi 3,7 MHz dapat mendegradasi bakteri hinggaa 6 %.Kata kunci : plasma, radio frekuensi, total coliform, fecal coliform.
Karakteristik Medan Listrik Atmosfer Kota Padang dan Hubungannya dengan Sambaran Petir Awan ke Tanah Emeraldi, Primas; Hazmi, Ariadi
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 6, No 1: Maret 2017
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (565.107 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jnte.v6n1.385.2017

Abstract

The possibility of using Electric Field Mill data as parameter of lightning warning sistem requires atmospheric electric field data comparisons with lightning detection sistems. Transient electric field from lightning detektor compare with continues atmospheric electric field during thunderstorm.Based on atmospheric electric field measurement in Padang during the period of January - August 2015 there were 219 times thunderstorm events. In the event of thunderstorm,there is one or two thunderstorm event per day with average thunderstorm duration 173.48 minute per thunderstorm. There is no relations between the number of cloud to ground lightning strikes with the duration of the thunderstorm. Thunderstorm with 634 minute duration produces 2 cloud to ground lightning strikes while thunderstorm with shorter duration for 114 minute produces 13 cloud to ground lightning strikes.Keywords : Thunderstorm, Atmospheric Electric Field,Electric Field MillAbstrak—Penggunaan data Electric Field Mill (EFM) dalam sistem peringatan bahaya petir membutuhkan kajian perbandingan data medan listrik atmosfer dengan sistem deteksi petir. Data dari detektor petir dibandingkan dengan data perubahan medan litrik statis selama proses badai petir. Berdasarkan pengukuran medan listrik atmosfer di kota Padang selama periode Januari – Agustus 2015 diperoleh data yaitu terdapat sebanyak 219 kali badai petir. Dalam satu hari terjadi satu sampai dua kali badai petir dengan durasi rata rata per badai petir adalah 173,48 menit. Setiap badai petir tidak selalu menghasilkan sambaran petir awan ke tanah. Tidak ada hubungan langsung antara jumlah sambaran petir awan ke tanah dengan lamanya durasi badai petir. Badai petir dengan durasi terlama pada tanggal 12 April 2015 dengan durasi 638 menit menghasilkan 2 kali sambaran petir awan ke tanah. Sedangkan badai petir pada 30 Januari 2015 dengan durasi 114 menit bisa menghasilkan 13 kali sambaran petir awan ke tanah.Kata Kunci : Badai Petir, Medan Listrik Atmosfer, Electric Field Mill
Karakteristik Preliminary Breakdown Petir Downward Leader Sebelum Sambaran Negatif Pertama Hendri, Zulka; Hazmi, Ariadi
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 3, No 1: Maret 2014
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (766.218 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jnte.v3n1.52.2014

Abstract

A hundred lightning flash was observed in Padang city, West Sumatera at January until Mei 2013. The lightning that use to analyze is proceeding with preliminary breakdown pulse (PBP) train and followed by first negative return stroke (RS).  Fast antenna capacitive was used to record electric field that produced of lightning flash. PBP-RS separation and pre-return stroke duration was used to analyze. Arithmetic and geometric mean of PPB-RS separation is 50,62ms and 31,73ms respectively. Arithmetic and geometric mean of pre-return stroke duration is 54,44ms and 33,92ms respectively. We have find two type of preliminary breakdown pulse train are; (1) the pulse train that dominant positive pulse at first half cycle (2) the pulse train that dominant negative pulse at first half cycle. The first type of pulse train have the PPB-RS separation and pre-return stroke duration that longer than the second type. The place that near with equator have PPB-RS separation and pre-return stroke duration that longer than the place far from equator (this conclusion we get from compare the result of our research with the result that produce from the other previous researchers).Keywords : lightning flash, preliminary breakdown, PPB-RS separation,  pre-return stroke duration.   Penelitian ini dilakukan  terhadap 100 kejadian petir di Kota Padang Sumatera Barat dari bulan Januari sampai Mei 2013. Petir yang dianalisis diawali oleh deretan pulsa preliminary breakdown (PPB) yang terjadi sebelum sambaran negatif pertama dari awan ke tanah. Sinyal petir di rekam dengan memanfaatkan antena medan listrik (fast antenna). Analisis yang dilakukan yaitu PPB-RS separation  dan pre-return stroke duration. Analisis PPB-RS separation  menghasilkan rata-rata aritmatik 50,62 ms dan rata-rata geometriknya 31,73 ms. Analisis pre-return stroke duration menghasilkan rata-rata aritmatik 54,44 ms dan rata-rata geometriknya 33,92 ms. Dua tipe deretan pulsa PB yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu; (1) deretan pulsa yang didominasi oleh pulsa-pulsa dengan polaritas positif pada setengah siklus pertama, (2) deretan pulsa yang didominasi oleh pulsa-pulsa dengan polaritas negatif pada setengah siklus pertamanya. Deretan pulsa dengan tipe pertama memiliki PPB-RS separation dan pre-return stroke duration yang lebih lama dibandingkan deretan pulsa dengan tipe ke dua. Daerah yang dekat dengan khatulistiwa cenderung memiliki PPB-RS separation dan pre-return stroke duration yang lebih lama dibandingkan daerah yang jauh dari khatulistiwa. Kesimpulan ini diperoleh dengan membandingkan data hasil penelitian ini dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti sebelumnya di beberapa daerah berbeda.Kata Kunci : petir, preliminary breakdown, PPB-RS separation,  pre-return stroke duration.   Â