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Pengaruh Temperatur, Waktu Pemanasan, dan Komposisi Energizer BaCO3 terhadap Nilai Kekerasan dan Case Depth pada Proses Pack Carburizing Baja Karbon Rendah Alfirano; Rike Kemala Putri; Anistasia Milandia
Jurnal Metalurgi dan Material Indonesia Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020): April
Publisher : Badan Kerja Sama Pendidikan Metalurgi dan Material (BKPMM)

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Abstract

Low carbon steel produced from the Hot Strip Mill process is widely used for hoe applications. In the application, this steel is expected to have a hardness value of 20 HRC to 41 HRC in accordance with SNI 0331:2011 to avoid failure when experiencing abrasion due to friction with sand and stone. Besides the hoe leaf also requires toughness on the steel core to receive shock loads during agricultural activities. To produce steel with these criteria, a carburizing pack process was carried out. This study was carried to increase the hardness of low carbon steel as a hoe application and determine the optimum temperature, heating time and composition of energizer for the pack carburizing process. In this study, the pack carburizing process was carried out with temperature variations of 850°C to 950°C, variations in heating time of 1-5 hours and variations in the composition of BaCO3 as an energizer of 20% and 80%. To determine the effect of temperature and heating time on hardness and microstructure, carburized steel was characterized for carbon content, hardness testing and metallography. The results of this study indicate that the higher the temperature and the heating time, the hardness of the steel will increase. Microstructure produced after the carburizing pack process is ferrite, pearlite and proeutectoid cementite. The carburizing pack process that produces the best hardness, case depth and microstructure values ​​is at a temperature of 950 ° C for 1 hour in BaCO3 composition of 20%.
Perlakuan Panas Komposit berbasis Aluminium/ Zirconium Hasil Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) - Paralel Channel Agus Pramono; Suryana Suryana; Alfirano Alfirano; A. Ali Alhamidi; Adhitya Trenggono; Anistasia Milandia
Jurnal Metal Indonesia Vol 43, No 1 (2021): Metal Indonesia
Publisher : Balai Besar Logam dan Mesin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32423/jmi.2021.v43.1-8

Abstract

AbstrakProses produksi dengan menggunakan metode pengerjaan logam konvensional seringkali sulit terutama untuk produk masif, dimana peralatan dan produk seperti gaya dan tekanan tinggi diperlukan. Keterbatasan ini bisa diatasi dengan menggunakan teknologi terbaru yaitu severe plastic deformation (SPD), dengan metode spesifiknya yaitu equal channel angulatr pressing (ECAP). Perkembangan ECAP sudah mencapai tahap aplikasi produk, salah satu pengembangan metodenya yaitu model parallel channel, atau disebut ECAP-PC. Dalam aplikasi pembuatan komponen, diperlukan proses perlakuan panas material, bertujuan untuk mengubah sifat material. Perlakuan panas yang sesuai diantaranya adalah proses pelunakan anealling untuk pengerjaan komponen dan perlakuan panas jenis T6; artificial aging/age-hardening sebagai proses akhir, untuk penerapan aplikasi tertentu. Serbuk aluminium (Al) dengan campuran zirconium (Zr) diaktivasi secara mekanis menggunakan ball milling. Pencampuran menggunakan cairan etanol dan heptane untuk memudahkan pengeringan. Fraksi volume yang digunakan dalam komposit Al sebagai matriks dan Zr yaitu 97:3%. Serbuk komposit dilakukan penggilingan dengan proses ball milling menggunakan putaran 60 rpm selama 24 jam. Hasil perlakuan panas age-hardening menghasilkan sifat mekanik tertinggi sebesar 144-222 HV/1406-2177 MPa dibanding dengan jenis annealing yaitu 31-46 HV/301-449 MPa. Hal ini sesuai dengan tujuan dari perlakuan panas yaitu untuk menurunkan sifat mekanik agar material mudah diproses. AbstractThe production of conventional metalworking methods is often difficult especially for massive products, where equipment and products such as high force and pressure are required. This limitation can be overcome by using the latest technology, namely severe plastic deformation (SPD). By specific method, namely Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP). The development of ECAP has reached the product application stage, one of the methods development is parallel channel model, or called ECAP-PC. Application of component manufacturing requires a material heat treatment process, aims to change the properties of the material. Suitable heat treatments include the annealing softening process for component work and the T6 type heat treatment; artificial aging/age-hardening as a finishing process for the application of certain applications. Aluminum (Al) powder and zirconium (Zr), mixture were activated mechanically by ball milling. Mixing processed using liquid ethanol and heptane for easy drying. The volume fraction used in the Al composite as a matrix and Zr is 97: 3%. The composites powder was milled by ball milling used a 60 rpm rotation for 24 hours. The results of age-hardening heat treatment produced the highest mechanical properties of 144-222 HV / 1406-2177 MPa compared to the type of annealing, namely 31-46 HV / 301-449 MPa. This is in accordance with the purpose of heat treatment, namely to reduce mechanical properties so that the material is easy to process.
Characteristics of aluminum-based composites reinforced of Al2O3/B4C by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) Agus Pramono; Anne Zulfia; Ali Alhamidi; Alfirano Alfirano; Suryana Suryana; Anistasia Milandia
Jurnal Teknika Vol 17, No 2 (2021): Available Online in November 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36055/tjst.v17i2.12156

Abstract

Metalworking technology is currently developing rapidly, especially the processing of metal composite materials. The metalworking process in which ultra-large plastic strains are introduced into the device to create ultra-fine grained metal is a new method for producing high-strength metals. This method is called accumulative roll bonding (ARB). The ideal operating temperature used in the ARB process is the use of dynamic recrystallization temperatures. Roll compression in ARB affects the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite material, where rolling compression can produce the application of simple forces sequentially evenly on the compressed workpiece. With the addition of Al2O3 and B4C reinforcement in the ARB process, it is expected that the mechanical properties will increase significantly. Composite AA1070 or Al2O3 produces an average hardness: 43.36 BHN, using B4C reinforcement increased 53.50 BHN with AA17075 with Al2O3 reinforcement the hardness was 87.20, with B4C increased significantly by 105.2 BHN. This study compares Al2O3 and B4C as reinforcement on an application in metal matrix composites (MMC). Characteristics compared and comparison of types of AA1070 or AA7075 matrix in their suitability between the use of matrix and reinforcement processed by ARB. Teknologi pengerjaan logam saat ini berkembang pesat, terutama pengolahan bahan-bahan komposit logam. Proses terjadi di mana strain plastik ultra-besar dimasukkan ke dalam perangkat untuk menciptakan logam yang berbutir ultra-halus merupakan metode terbaru untuk menghasilkan logam dengan kekuatan tinggi, metode ini dinamakan dengan accumulative roll bonding (ARB). Temperatur operasional yang ideal yang digunakan pada proses ARB adalah penggunaan temperatur dinamik rekristaslisasi, kompresi roll pada ARB memiliki efek pada struktur mikro dan sifat mekanik dari bahan komposit yang mana kompresi bergulir mampu menghasilkan penerapan gaya-gaya sederhana secara berurutan secara merata pada benda kerja yang mengalami kompresi. Penambahan penguat Al2O3 dan B4C pada proses ARB, terjadi peningkatan secara signifikan. Komposit AA1070/Al2O3 menghasilkan kekerasan rata-rata 43.36 BHN, menggunakan penguat B4C meningkat 53.50 BHN dengan AA7075 berpenguat Al2O3 kekerasan sebesar 87.20, dengan B4C meningkat signifikan sebesar 105.2 BHN. Penelitian ini membandingkan penggunaan Al2O3 dan B4C sebagai penguat dalam penerapanya sebagai penguat dalam kompoisit bermatrik logam. Karakteristik dibandingkan serta pembanding jenis matriks AA1070/AA7075 dalam kesesuaiannya antara penggunaan matriks terhadap penguat yang diproses oleh ARB.
Pengaruh waktu tahan dan siklus spheroidizing terhadap sifat mekanik dan struktur mikro baja karbon rendah JIS G 3302 Grade SGC 400 Angga Pamilu Putra; Andinnie Juniarsih; Alfirano Alfirano
Jurnal Teknika Vol 16, No 2 (2020): Edisi November 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36055/tjst.v16i2.9176

Abstract

Spheroidizing annealing adalah suatu proses untuk memperbaiki nilai elongasi baja JIS G 3302 grade SGC 400 hasil pengerjaan dingin yang memiliki elongasi rendah. Penelitian ini, bertujuan untuk meningkatkan elongasi baja dengan mengetahui pengaruh waktu tahan dan siklus spheroidizing dengan menggunakan metode cyclic heat treatment terhadap struktur mikro dan sifat mekanik dari baja 0,14% karbon. Baja karbon rendah ini dilakukan proses perlakuan panas pada temperatur 630oC, dengan waktu tahan selama15, 30, dan 45 menit. Selanjutnya dilakukan variasi siklus spheroidizing sebanyak 1, 3 dan 5 siklus yang masing-masing ditahan selama 6 menit lalu didinginkan di udara bertekanan dengan menggunakan blower. Selanjutnya baja karbon rendah tersebut dilakukan uji tarik, uji kekerasan Vickers dan dilakukan pengamatan struktur mikro dengan menggunakan mikroskop optik dan juga scanning electron microscope. Dari hasil percobaan diperoleh sifat mekanik sampel yang memenuhi standar JIS G3302 grade SGC 400 yaitu sampel pada waktu tahan 15 menit dengan 3 dan 5 siklus pemanasan. Pada range ini diperoleh nilai kuat tarik 522 dan 481 MPa, kuat luluh 429 dan 30 MPa, dan elongasi 20 dan 24%. Sementara itu, pada waktu tahan 30 menit dengan 1, 3, dan 5 siklus pemanasan diperoleh kuat tarik 455, 415 dan 422 MPa, kuat luluh 361, 307 dan 313 MPa, dan elongasi 33, 37 dan 37%. Perubahan sifat mekanik baja ini disebabkan perubahan morfologi perlit menjadi ferit dan sementit dengan morfologi spheroid (fragmented-lamell) saat spheroidizing annealing. Spheroidizing annealing aims to improve the elongation of JIS G 3302 grade SGC 400 cold-worked steel which has low in elongation. The purpose of this study is to increase the elongation of steel by determining the effect of holding time and spheroidizing cycles using the cyclic heat treatment method on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 0.14% carbon steel. This low carbon steel was subjected to a heat treatment process using a temperature of 6300C, with a holding time of 15, 30, and 45 minutes and variations of spheroidizing cycles of 1, 3 and 5 cycles, with a holding time of 6 minutes and then cooled in forced-air cooling using a blower. Furthermore, this low carbon steel was subjected to tensile tests, Vickers hardness tests and microstructure observations using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. From the experimental results, the mechanical properties of the sample that meet the JIS G3302 grade SGC 400 standard were samples at a holding time of 15 minutes with 3 and 5 heating cycles. In this range, the tensile strengths were 522 and 481 MPa, yield strength of 429 and 30 MPa, and elongation of 20 and 24%. Meanwhile, at the holding time of 30 minutes with 1, 3, and 5 heating cycles, the tensile strengths were 455, 415 and 422 MPa, yield strengths of 361, 307 and 313 MPa, and elongation of 33, 37 and 37%. The difference in mechanical properties is due to changes in the morphology of pearlite into ferrite and cementite with spheroid morphology (fragmented-lamell) during spheroidizing annealing 
Characteristics of Hybrid Composite from Hydroxyapatite/Metal Powder and Ceramic Agus Pramono; Fatah Sulaiman; Alfirano Alfirano; Suryana Suryana; Anistasia Milandia
VANOS Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education Vol 5, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30870/vanos.v5i2.8931

Abstract

Milkfish bones/chanos-chanos forsk (CCF) contain of 4% calcium, 3% phosphorus, and 32% protein. CCF is heated at certain temperatures (500-7000C) then can be turned into hydroxyapatite (HAp) as a biomaterial application. The selection of materials in accordance by HAp is aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg) and titanium (Ti). Al is one of the non-ferrous metals with very wide applications. It has specific properties such as; being light weight, ductile and a lower melting point compared to many other common engineering materials. The combining some of metals by HAp, is a composite material term, which is currently the latest development for processing various elements of different materials. Processing of composite for multi-alloy materials, requires a complex process in resulting of products, both in terms of parameters and process variables. Self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) is a relatively novel and simple method for making certain advanced composites and intermetallic compounds. The SHS method is very suitable to be used as a composite multi-alloy material processing because it has a series of processes capable of producing strong bonds between the elements combined, such as HAp, Al, Mg and Ti. The HAp material from milkfish bones was combined by several metal materials such as Al, Mg and Ti. The use of this material is expected to improve mechanical properties especially eliminating fragility in composite materials. Variation of composition on hybrid composites consist of 3 types: (hybrid composites). There are three combinations of compositions in hybrid composite manufacturing, namely: 80% HAp; 10% Al; 5% Mg; 5% Ti, 80% HAp; 10% Al; 5% Mg; 5% Cu and 80% HAp; 10% Al; 5% Mg; 5% SiC. Characterization carried out ware mechanical and microstructure to determine the properties of hybrid composites, from the values obtained can be recommended for biomaterial applications